（參考）VPS教案短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)

1、VPS 教案 短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 使學(xué)生掌握常見(jiàn)的短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)的形式。 2. 區(qū)分句子的主干部分和修飾部分。3. 進(jìn)一步鞏固拆分組合這一核心解題方法的運(yùn)用。教學(xué)過(guò)程短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)形式包括：分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞短語(yǔ)分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)例1. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements themselves made relatively easy nowadays by m

2、odern means of transport.（2000）Tips：復(fù)數(shù)翻譯：一些、某些、各種、種種由于人口爆增和大量人口流動(dòng)所引起的各種問(wèn)題可能會(huì)給社會(huì)帶來(lái)新的壓力，如今現(xiàn)在交通工具使這種大量人口流動(dòng)變得相對(duì)容易。例2. Astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. (1998) 相關(guān)詞匯拓充：A

3、strophysicist 天體物理學(xué)家 astro- 宇宙、宇航、天體、星系、星云Astronaut 美國(guó)宇航員Cosmonaut 蘇聯(lián)宇航員 taikonaut 中國(guó)宇航員Cosmic 宇宙，天體 cosmic clouds 星云 ground-based detector 陸基探測(cè)器Balloon-borne instrument 球載儀器/設(shè)備Close in on sth 包圍、圍繞、逼近/觀測(cè)，觀察，研究。在南極用路基探測(cè)器和球載儀器工作的天體物理學(xué)家正在觀察這些結(jié)構(gòu)，不久就會(huì)報(bào)告他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)成果。例3.The emphasis on data gathered first-hand

4、, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. (2003)強(qiáng)調(diào)搜集第一手資料，加上在分析過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的文化形態(tài)時(shí)采用跨文化視角，使這一研究成為一門獨(dú)特并且非常重要的社會(huì)科學(xué)。不定式短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)例1. Galileos greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first p

5、erson to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.詞匯解析：Invite 邀請(qǐng)Invent發(fā)明Prove 證明Improve 提高。Rather than 而不是。伽利略最偉大的成就在于，在1609年他是第一個(gè)用新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡來(lái)觀察填空的人，以證明行星是圍繞太陽(yáng)旋轉(zhuǎn)而不是圍繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)的。介詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)例1.Children will play with dolls equip

6、ped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.（2001）兒童將與裝有個(gè)性芯片的玩具娃娃一起玩耍，帶有內(nèi)置個(gè)性的計(jì)算機(jī)將被視為工作伙伴而不是工具，人們將在其為電視機(jī)前休閑，數(shù)字時(shí)代即將到來(lái)了。例2. Under modern conditions,

7、this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. （2000）Tip: such as 類似 like 表示舉例， 譯成“像之類”在現(xiàn)代條件下，這需要中央調(diào)控的不同措施從而需要像經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和運(yùn)籌學(xué)家之類的專家的幫助。例3. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country s ec

8、onomy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.（2000） 再者，顯而易見(jiàn)的是，一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高又取決于各領(lǐng)域科技人員的努力。Tip: A of B of C 譯成 C+B+ADepend on/depend upon/rely on形式主語(yǔ)的翻譯It is ob

9、vious that 顯而易見(jiàn)的是It was reported that. 據(jù)報(bào)道It was estimated that 據(jù)估計(jì)，據(jù)推測(cè)It was conjectured that.據(jù)估計(jì)，據(jù)推測(cè)It was taken that 據(jù)認(rèn)為It+be+adj+that .的是./.這是.的 It is important that. 形容詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the researc

10、h techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. （1999）Tip: the concept/ peculiar to / historical work/ in general. 按后置定語(yǔ)的順序倒譯一般的歷史研究中所特有的概念。所謂的方法論是指一般歷史研究中特有的概念還是指歷史中不同分支所適用的研究方法，人們對(duì)此看法不一。/人們對(duì)此沒(méi)有達(dá)成一致。There be 句型翻譯英語(yǔ)原文中的狀語(yǔ)翻譯為漢語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)，再加“有”。There is a temple on the hill. There ar

11、e two monks in the temple.山上有座廟，廟里有兩個(gè)和尚。2. 用“人們”、“大家”、“每一個(gè)人”、“我們”等泛指主語(yǔ)。There is no agreement on this problem.人們就這個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有達(dá)成一致There is an agreed account of human rights.人們對(duì)人權(quán)有一致的看法。3. 翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的無(wú)主句（沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)）直接用“有”“出現(xiàn)”“存在”There will be a fine day.將會(huì)有個(gè)好天氣。鞏固練習(xí) 1. He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long

12、 and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.(2008，47)解析：此外，他還斷言自己進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)時(shí)間純抽象思維的能力十分有限，由此他也認(rèn)定自己在數(shù)學(xué)方面不可能會(huì)成功。2.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and im