《機(jī)械制造專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)》教案

1、Unit 1 Engineering Drawing一、New Words:Coordinate system :The basic of all input AutoCAD is the Cartesian coordinate system, and the various method of input(absolute or relative) rely on this system.Coordinate value ： 坐標(biāo)值Cartesian coordinate axes ：笛卡爾坐標(biāo)軸Perpendicularly：垂直地Projection：投影Orthographic pr

2、ojection：正投影1.1 coordinate systemCAD = computer-aided designFixed: firmly in position ; stationaryLocate: vt. To determine the position ofPositive and negative : Illustrate : to explainDrafting : n. 制圖1.2 Types of ViewsAuxiliary: 輔助視圖Detail: n. 詳圖；局部Derived :取得；由來(lái)Scaling :enlarge scaleClarification

3、:to make clear Planar: tow-D drawingCross-section: 橫截面Datum plane: 基準(zhǔn)面Fig. 1-3:Brush with spring：F帶彈簧的電刷Handle:手柄Needle bearing：滾針軸承Retaining ring：擋圈Chuck spacer: 夾頭襯片Key:銷(xiāo)Symmetrical：對(duì)稱(chēng)的Configuration:：結(jié)構(gòu)1.3 Multiview drawing engineering drawing is an abstract universal language used to represent a

4、designers idea to otherHome work:Page 9: Exercise: 1. fill the blanks with a proper word according to the text. 二、Technical ReadingThe following diagram shows what happens in a displacer type Stirling engine during one working cycle.A . The power piston is in its lowest and the displacer in its high

5、est position. All the working gas is in the cold space.B . The displacer is still in its highest position. But the power piston has gone up and compressed the gas in the cold space.C . The power piston is now in its upper position and the displacer has pushed the gas through the cooler, the regenera

6、tor, and the heating pipes into the hot space.D . The hot gas is being expanded, and hest energy is being transformed into mechanical energy as the displacer and the power piston are pushed down into their lowest positions. The piston will stay there while the displacer rises and pushes the gas thro

7、ugh the heating pipes, regenerator and cooler into the cold space_and we are back where we started.Words:Diagram： 圖表 Position：位置Stirling: 斯特林（音譯）Displacer: 置換器Piston: 活塞Regenerator:蓄熱器Cooler：冷卻器Expand：膨脹As：隨之hest energy：熱能mechanical energy：機(jī)械能譯文：置換器型斯特林發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作循環(huán)如下所示：A 置換器在最高位，動(dòng)力活塞在最低位。所有的工作氣體在冷空間；B 置換

8、器不動(dòng)，動(dòng)力活塞上升并擠壓冷空間的氣體；C 動(dòng)力活塞到達(dá)最高位，置換器下移，推動(dòng)氣體經(jīng)過(guò)冷卻器、蓄熱器、和加熱管進(jìn)入熱空間；D 熱氣膨脹，熱能轉(zhuǎn)變成機(jī)械能，隨之動(dòng)力活塞和置換器到達(dá)最低位。動(dòng)力活塞不動(dòng)，置換器上升推動(dòng)氣體經(jīng)過(guò)加熱管、蓄熱器和冷卻器進(jìn)入冷空間回到起點(diǎn)。三、Grammar概 論（一）什么是翻譯？機(jī)械工程英語(yǔ)翻譯的困難主要存在于正確理解原文的含義和用確切的漢語(yǔ)文句準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)原文的含義兩個(gè)方面。譯者除必須是有較好的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)，較高的漢語(yǔ)修養(yǎng)，較為豐富的機(jī)械工程專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)外，還必須懂得翻譯的理論技巧和方法。本課將介紹翻譯機(jī)械工程英語(yǔ)著作的基本理論知識(shí)，技巧和方法，幫助同學(xué)們提高翻譯水平和質(zhì)量。

9、（二）英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的對(duì)比。1、一般特點(diǎn)（翻譯的習(xí)慣，語(yǔ)序，省略）（1）When a=0,Eq(14-1) shows that the pressure is Zero.由式14-1可知，a=0時(shí)壓力為零。（用when that 連接子句）Eqeq=equatier 方程式、等式（2）It frequently happens, in the case of plane stress, that the two principal stresses 1 and 2 have the same sign.平面應(yīng)力的兩個(gè)主壓力1和2的符號(hào)往往相同。（用介詞in, of和連詞and連接詞（組），用t

10、hat 引主語(yǔ)從句）2、詞匯現(xiàn)象。Phrase英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在詞的意義搭配和詞序等詞匯現(xiàn)象上也存在著差別。（1）詞的意義英語(yǔ)詞匯和漢語(yǔ)詞匯在詞義的對(duì)應(yīng)有三種不同的情況。First, 英漢詞義對(duì)等：如：gear teeth 齒輪輪齒 stress- strain diagram 壓力應(yīng)變圖bolted connection 螺栓聯(lián)接maximum bending moment 最大彎矩second 英漢詞義部分對(duì)應(yīng)，即兩者在詞義所概括的范圍上不同，如 gear 既可專(zhuān)指“齒輪”，又可泛指任何類(lèi)型的“傳動(dòng)裝置”。而 pinion 則專(zhuān)指“小齒輪”。在不同場(chǎng)合下，同一漢語(yǔ)采用不同英語(yǔ)詞匯。“特性”一詞

11、舉例。(1) In fact, many motors do have a nearly constant torque-speed characteristic during starting. Characteristic: 特性，特征Behavior : 機(jī)器的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)，性能Constant : 固定的，不變的，常量。事實(shí)上，許多電動(dòng)機(jī)在啟動(dòng)時(shí)的扭矩轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)特性幾乎不變。（2）Tolerances cover dimensional variation and sunface-roughness range and also the variation in mechanical prope

12、rties resulting from heat treatment and other processing operations.公差這個(gè)概念包括尺寸偏差范圍和表面粗糙度范圍，也包括由熱處理和其它處理操作所引起的機(jī)械特性的變化。(3) These cams perform such important function in many cases that the behavior of the entire machine is dependent upon the design of the cam motion.這些凸輪起著相當(dāng)重要的作用，在許多情況下，整臺(tái)機(jī)器的特性都取決于凸輪運(yùn)

13、動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)。The thind 一個(gè)英語(yǔ)詞所表達(dá)的意義與幾個(gè)具有不同的詞義的漢語(yǔ)詞分別對(duì)應(yīng)：Shaft 軸、箭、長(zhǎng)柄、樹(shù)干；Power 電源、功率、動(dòng)力、乘方、國(guó)家；Cutter 刀具、銳刀、刀盤(pán)、切斷機(jī)；Shaping 刨削、成形；Joint 接頭、軸節(jié)、聯(lián)接；此外，英詞還有些尚無(wú)確定的譯法，主要指新詞，如aerospace一詞。Aerospace “航空宇宙”-“航空公司”-“宇宙空間”-“航天”Hydraulic motor ： “液壓電機(jī)”-“液壓馬達(dá)”（2） 詞的搭配 由于思維方式和語(yǔ)言形成過(guò)程的不同，英漢在同一搭配上存在著較大的差別，這種差別主要表現(xiàn)在a.和 n / v和n的搭配上

14、如 build 原義“建造” “建設(shè)” “構(gòu)造” “造型”而當(dāng)build 與不同的n.搭配時(shí)，應(yīng)有不同的譯法。Build a house 蓋房 Build a car 制造汽車(chē)Build a ship 造船 Build a railway 修筑鐵路Build a bridge 架橋 Build a dam 筑壩Build a fire 生火 Heavy 沉重的 ，重型的 ，重的，大量的。 Heavy load 重載 heavy storm 大風(fēng)暴Heavy machine 重型機(jī)械 heavy crops 豐收Heavy current 強(qiáng)電流 heavy task 繁重的任務(wù)Heavy wi

15、re 粗淺 heavy traffic 擁擠的交通Heavy fire 強(qiáng)烈的炮火Unit 2 Mechanical Components一、New words :2.1 Shaftssolid shaft: 實(shí)心軸flexible shaft: 柔性軸cylindrical:圓柱形的bar:棒deliver:傳遞arrangement:安裝、裝配radii： pl . radius半徑plain transmission:普通的傳送裝置stepped shaft:階梯軸machine tool spindle:機(jī)床主軸crankshaft:機(jī)軸circlips:開(kāi)口簧環(huán)woodruff ke

16、y：半圓鍵2.2 shaft accessoriessquare：正方形sunken:下陷的rectangular:矩形的ratio:比例2.3 Clutches coaxial: 同軸的 positive drive:強(qiáng)制傳動(dòng)2.4 Screws fastener: 緊固件 cap screw:有頭螺釘2.5 Springs load-sensitive:負(fù)載敏感（元件）Home work:Page 22: Exercise: 1. fill the blanks with a proper word according to the text.二、Technical Reading FUT

17、URE WATCHIN THE 1930s, the famous cartoon detective Dick Tracy used his then-fantasticwrist whatchamacallit to make telephone calls. Now European electronics giants Philips and British Telecom are developing wrist devices Dick Tracy would envy : They would combine such features as video phone, TV an

18、d radio reception, clock, electronic notebook, and a personal computer with wireless access to the internets World Wide Web.The basic technologies to make wrist communicators exist today, says Philips, though the Dutch company says it likely wont create an operational model until at least the year 2

19、003. The components, including batteries , must be miniaturized .While an early nonworking prototype demonstrates buttons for operation, Philips says that voice-recognition technology and an interactive screen might replace tough control. Philips also envisions the wireless connection to the World W

20、ide Web for graphics and video images.Researchers at BT (British Telecom) Laboratories in Martlesham Heath, England ,have taken their version of the idea a step further. The lab has been displaying a working prototype in Britain to potential equipment manufactures. The somewhat bulky communications

21、console includes cellular telephone , video phone ,fax, computer, clock, and batteries, and encircles most of a person s forearm.Words：Cartoon：卡通Whatchamacallit = what do you call it 某它，叫不出名子的東西Detective： 偵探 Fantastic： 奇異的 British Telecom：英國(guó)電信公司Combine：組合Feature：特性Access to： 進(jìn)網(wǎng)World Wide Web：全球信息網(wǎng) M

22、inaturize： 微型化 Dutch：荷蘭 Prototype：原型機(jī) Laboratory：實(shí)驗(yàn)室Graphic： 掃描 Bulky： 容量 Cellular： 蜂窩狀Fax：傳真Encircle：纏繞譯文：在本世紀(jì)30年代，著名的卡通人物偵探迪克.雷西用來(lái)打電話(huà)的是他當(dāng)時(shí)帶的一塊非常奇異的叫不出名字的手表。如今，歐洲電子業(yè)巨頭菲利普先生和英國(guó)電信公司正在研製連迪克.特雷西也會(huì)嫉妒的手表：他們將把可視電話(huà)、電視、收音機(jī)、時(shí)鐘、電子記事簿以及能與全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的個(gè)人電腦組合在一起。菲利普公司稱(chēng)，制造腕式通信器的基本技術(shù)如今已具備，但這家荷蘭公司表示他們說(shuō)不定得到2003年才能制造出可操作的樣

23、機(jī)，其包括電池在內(nèi)的零部件必須微型化，雖然早一代非實(shí)用原型機(jī)是用按鈕操作來(lái)演示的，但菲利普公司認(rèn)為聲音識(shí)別技術(shù)和可互視的屏幕有可能 取代觸摸控制。該公司還設(shè)想在掃描與可視圖象方面同全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò) 。設(shè)在英格蘭馬特利香西思的英國(guó)通信公司的實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究人員，已把這設(shè)想先行了一步，該實(shí)驗(yàn)室已向英國(guó)未來(lái)的設(shè)備制造商展示了一個(gè)可工作樣機(jī)，這個(gè)容量頗大的通信控制器包括了蜂窩電話(huà)、可視電話(huà)、傳真、電腦、時(shí)鐘和電池等，戴時(shí)滿(mǎn)繞使用者的大部分前臂。三、Grammar（3）詞序 詞語(yǔ)的各個(gè)成分在句中的位置叫“詞序”。 1）共同點(diǎn)：就自然詞序而言，主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。許多英語(yǔ)可直譯成漢語(yǔ) 如：（1）The rim mu

24、st have sufficient rigidity. 輪緣必須有足夠的剛度。 （主）（2）The tension rod shown in Fig .2-12 is typical . 圖2-12 所示的拉桿是典型的。 （表）（3）These two constants represent fundamental properties of material. 這兩個(gè)常數(shù)表示材料的基本性能。（賓）2）不同點(diǎn)：在定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)的詞序上差別很大。在英語(yǔ)句子中，若定語(yǔ)是一個(gè)單詞，則置前。若是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，則置后。在漢語(yǔ)中，定語(yǔ)一律置前。地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)正好相反。漢語(yǔ)：由大小，年月日（漢） 02.3.1.中

25、國(guó).上海.英語(yǔ)：由小大，10/3/05（英）ShangHai of China.年-用基數(shù)詞，日-用序數(shù)詞 1999/7/23 July 23,1999 讀：July(the) twenty-third, nineteen ninety-nine.1905nineteen hundred and five 1800eighteen hundred 2005twenty hundred and five Unit 3 Control Devices and PLC一、New words3.1 Types of Control Devicespneumatic control:氣動(dòng)控制progra

26、mmable logic control(PLC):可編程邏輯控制governor:調(diào)速器cost effectively:有效的，經(jīng)濟(jì)的Automated machine：自動(dòng)機(jī)床Be subject to:易于It uses compressed air, valves, and switches to construct simple control logic.利用壓縮空氣、閥和開(kāi)關(guān)構(gòu)成簡(jiǎn)單的控制邏輯。Build:造Relays, timers, counter :繼電器、定時(shí)器、計(jì)數(shù)器Moving:移動(dòng)的Versatile:通用的；多功能的Strategy:策略Computation

27、:計(jì)算量 nInterface:聯(lián)系裝置；接口Internally:內(nèi)部的Voltage:電壓；伏特?cái)?shù) volts:伏特 milliamper=milliampere：毫安（培）Filter out：濾除Custom-built：定做的3.2 Relay device componentspanel:控制板circuit:電路styles:款式category:種類(lèi)pole: 極；桿；極點(diǎn)；電極proximity：接近，鄰近level switches：電位開(kāi)關(guān)thumbwheel switches：撥輪開(kāi)關(guān) thumb wheel switch: 拇指旋轉(zhuǎn)開(kāi)關(guān)slide switches：擋

28、位開(kāi)關(guān)Home work:Page 32:Exercises:1. Answer the following questions briefly.(1) (4) 2. Translate the following sentences into Chines. (1) (3)二、Technical ReadingTHE NEW FORD CARFORDS LATEST concept car gives shape to the ideas being explored by the New Generation Vehicle Program-the effort by a U.S. con

29、sortium to develop the so-called “ super car”. The goal is to create an 80-mpg, full-size affordable family sedan and make it available in the coming decade.The car is called Synergy 2010. Its aluminum body saves some 400 pounds over a comparable-size steel body, bringing curb weight down to about 2

30、,200 pounds. The cars low profile and aerodynamic “fences” (vertical fenders) reflect the need to cut drag to about one-third that of todays sedans.Power comes from a direct-injection diesel turbo alternator, which uses a flywheel to store energy for acceleration. Electric current produced by the sy

31、stem powers a separate electric motor in each wheel hub, while regenerative braking recharges the flywheel during Deceleration. The flywheel-based hybrid drive concept has been under investigation for decades, even at Ford, but problems remain with building a production flywheel system. Likewise the

32、 wheel-in-hub motors, which are easy to package but present safety problems in the event of a single-motor failure. The design comes with a layered glass roof. To avoid turning the car into a hot-house, solar-powered cooling fans pull in cooler outside air and exhaust interior air. Another unusual f

33、eature is a turn-over steering column that converts to right-hand drive without modification. Many interior controls respond to a new voice-activation system that operates without initial “training”. The development of a prototype thats ready for the road is still several years away, Ford says.New w

34、ords:Latest：最新的 shape：體現(xiàn) the event of：萬(wàn)一 come up with ：提出Consortium ：聯(lián)營(yíng)企業(yè) Affordable： 負(fù)擔(dān)得起的 Sedan 轎車(chē) mpg = miles per gallon Synergy：協(xié)和 comparable-size： 類(lèi)似大小的curb ：控制；約束 profile：外觀；外形 aerodynamic： 氣動(dòng)的 fender ：護(hù)板 drag： 阻力 direct-injection ：直接噴射的diesel ：柴油引擎 turbo alternator： 氣輪交流發(fā)電機(jī)regenerative brakin

35、g ：恢復(fù)式剎車(chē) recharge： 再充電 hybrid：復(fù)合式 exhaust：排出 turn-over：翻轉(zhuǎn)式 steering column ：操縱桿 voice-activation：話(huà)音激活 respond to 對(duì).有反應(yīng) flywheel-based：以飛輪為基礎(chǔ)的away ：尚由.時(shí)間譯文：福特汽車(chē)公司最新設(shè)計(jì)的汽車(chē)，給“新一代汽車(chē)研究計(jì)劃”正在探索的各種設(shè)想賦予了具體的形象。該計(jì)劃是一家美國(guó)聯(lián)營(yíng)企業(yè)為研制所謂“超級(jí)轎車(chē)”而制定的，其目標(biāo)在于創(chuàng)制一種每加侖油可行駛80英里、大小可供家庭使用的轎車(chē)，擬在未來(lái)10年里投入使用。這種汽車(chē)名叫協(xié)和2010。其鋁制車(chē)身較類(lèi)似的鋼制車(chē)身重

36、量減輕了400磅左右，從而使控制重量減至大約2200磅。這種車(chē)較低的外形和氣動(dòng)“柵欄”（縱向防護(hù)裝置）可將阻力減少到現(xiàn)有轎車(chē)的大約1/3。動(dòng)力來(lái)自一臺(tái)直接噴射柴油渦輪交流發(fā)電機(jī)，它用飛輪來(lái)儲(chǔ)備供加速用的能量。用這個(gè)系統(tǒng)所產(chǎn)生的電流帶動(dòng)每個(gè)輪轂上分別安裝的電力發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，在減速時(shí)恢復(fù)式剎車(chē)給飛輪再次充電。甚至在福特公司，這種以飛輪為基礎(chǔ)的復(fù)合式驅(qū)動(dòng)思想也已經(jīng)研究了幾十年，但是建造一個(gè)生產(chǎn)飛輪的系統(tǒng)仍然存在著問(wèn)題。而且，輪轂內(nèi)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)易于組裝，但萬(wàn)一單個(gè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)生鼓掌就會(huì)出現(xiàn)安全問(wèn)題。這種設(shè)想提出一種分層的玻璃頂棚，為了避免把汽車(chē)變成一間溫室，太陽(yáng)能風(fēng)扇吸入車(chē)外的清涼空氣，排出車(chē)內(nèi)的空氣。另一個(gè)與眾不

37、同的特點(diǎn)是一個(gè)翻轉(zhuǎn)式的操縱桿，無(wú)須改動(dòng)即可轉(zhuǎn)為右座駕駛。車(chē)內(nèi)許多控制裝置由一種新型的話(huà)音激活系統(tǒng)控制，無(wú)須初步訓(xùn)練即可操作。福特公司說(shuō)，研制這種可供上路的樣車(chē)還需幾年時(shí)間。三、Grammar機(jī)械工程英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)1陳述句型多 句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài) 1）The maximum stresses occur at the inner surface 最大應(yīng)力發(fā)生在內(nèi)表面 2）The same equation and assumptions hold for simple compression. 該假定和方程也同樣適用于簡(jiǎn)單壓縮的情況 3）The total mass of the b

38、eam is pl, where p is the mass per unit length.梁的全部質(zhì)量是pl, 其中p 是單位長(zhǎng)度的質(zhì)量。2被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)多 1) This problem can also be solved using the vector method. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題也可利用矢量法求解 2) Here a tension load F is applied through pins at the ends of the bar. 此時(shí)，拉伸載荷F是通過(guò)桿件兩端的銷(xiāo)子施加的3.省略表達(dá)多 1) use of the equation =f/a for a body, say a

39、bolt ,in shear assumes a uniform stress distribution too.公式=f/a 應(yīng)用于承受剪切應(yīng)力的物體（如螺栓）時(shí)，同樣假定應(yīng)力是均布的=f/a讀： equal to F divided A2) In the above equation positive stresses indicate tension and negative stresses compression 上述各個(gè)公式中，正應(yīng)力表示拉應(yīng)力，負(fù)應(yīng)力表示壓應(yīng)力 省略了 indicate 和狀語(yǔ) in the above equation 4.復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句多 Unit 4 NC and

40、 CNC一、 New words:4.1 The history of NC and CNC developmentNC = Numerical control數(shù)字控制CNC = Computer Numerical control計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)字控制Execute：執(zhí)行Automatically：自動(dòng)的In sequence：按順序As specified:指定的Contain: 包含Propose:提出 propose to 向求婚Michigan:密西根州Recommend:提出；推薦Thru-axis curve:過(guò)軸曲線 thru = through 美式口語(yǔ)Award：授予；給予Cont

41、ract：契約；合同Speed up:加速Production:產(chǎn)量，生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)品，生產(chǎn)量Commission:委托Massachusetts institute of technology (M.I.T.)麻省理工學(xué)院Massachusetts：美國(guó)馬薩諸塞州Implementation:實(shí)施Perforate:打孔Mature:成熟的Powerful:強(qiáng)大的Microprocessors微處理機(jī)Supervision:管理；監(jiān)督Punch:達(dá)孔Execution:執(zhí)行4.2 The application of NC/CNCIntroduction： 引進(jìn)Punches: pl.沖壓機(jī)；沖床

42、Electrical discharge machine = EDM:電火花加工機(jī)床 discharge；放電Flame cutter:火焰切割機(jī)床；線切割機(jī)床Grinder:磨床inspection :檢驗(yàn)turret:轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)架accept:接受magazine:期刊；盒；倉(cāng)庫(kù)swiveled;轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)changer:轉(zhuǎn)換器 OD = outside diameter; outside dimensionTailstock:尾座Interchange:互換Traveling column:可動(dòng)柱Pallet：托板Index table:索引表Home work:Page 44:Exercises:

43、1. Fill in the blank according to the text.(1) (3)2. Answer the following questions briefly.(1) (2) 3. Say whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.(1) (3) 4.Translate the following sentences into Chines. (1) (2)5.Translate the following phrases into English.

44、(1) (6)二、 Technical ReadingMachines That Mimic Man Man has always used augmenters to increase the powers which nature endowed him. A simple stick, made into a lever to extend his reach and enable him to move heavy objects, may have been his first machine. Slingshots helped him kill food animals that

45、 were at greater distances. The wheel eased his movement and his burdens over the ground. But those were simple augmenters for simple tasks. Man has made his world much more complex. With the rapid development of science and technology, mans augmenters have become much more sophisticated. They are d

46、esigned not only to do the work of man, but also to do it in much the same way a man would.Some simply amplify the muscular power of their human operators. The “walking truck” being constructed, for example, is a large device that might better be called a walking horse. A man sits inside, moving his

47、 arms and legs to make the “horse” move its own four legs and carry far greater loads than the operator could. Another man, wearing a movable mechanical and electrical framework, lifts 1,500 pounds six feet in six seconds.Other machines link a man to a computer and the computer to a work device. Tha

48、nks to the computer, the man does not need to guide the device through each step. The computer remembers how to direct the arms of the machine by itself through many work steps.Still other mimicking machines go where man cannot-into the ocean depths and into nuclear reactors where radiation would ca

49、use a human operator to become sick or to die.Augmenters that extend mans mental and physical skills over long distances-but still require mans remote control- are called “tele-operators”. Someday doctors may use such systems to operate on patients thousands of miles away.With machines and robots be

50、coming more and more sophisticated, will they someday take over the world from man? Most scientists dont think so. Instead, they say, robots will take over more of mans heavy work, giving man more time for creative work.New words:Augmentor （作人類(lèi)替身從事危險(xiǎn)工作的）替身機(jī)器人或機(jī)械手：輔助器械Endow 賦予 Stick 棍子Lever 杠桿 Reach

51、可即之范圍Task 工作 Mimic 模擬Sophisticate 復(fù)雜的 Amplify 擴(kuò)大Slingshot 彈弓 Remote 遠(yuǎn)程的Take over 接管 Construct 制造；建造；構(gòu)成 Framework 機(jī)構(gòu)；構(gòu)造 Mile 英里Tele- 遠(yuǎn)距離 Tele-operator 遠(yuǎn)程操作譯文：模擬人的機(jī)器人類(lèi)一直利用輔助器械來(lái)增強(qiáng)大自然所賦予的力量，用一根普通的棍子來(lái)擴(kuò)大手臂可及之范圍，或者移動(dòng)重物，這可能是最早的機(jī)器了。彈弓可以幫助人們獵食遠(yuǎn)處的動(dòng)物。輪子使人便于在地上行走并減輕負(fù)擔(dān)。但這些都是用于做簡(jiǎn)單工作的簡(jiǎn)易裝置。人們讓世界變得越來(lái)越復(fù)雜了。隨著科技的迅猛發(fā)展，人類(lèi)

52、的輔助器械也越來(lái)越復(fù)雜，設(shè)計(jì)這些裝置不僅是為了讓他們做人的工作，而且要讓他們和人一樣的工作。 有些器械只是加強(qiáng)操作者肌肉的力量。例如：正在建造的“步行車(chē)”就是一個(gè)大型的裝置，更恰當(dāng)些說(shuō)可稱(chēng)之為“步行馬”，人坐其中，運(yùn)動(dòng)它的臂和腿，使“馬”移動(dòng)它的四條腿，搬運(yùn)的載荷遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)人力所及。再有，一個(gè)人穿上一種可動(dòng)的機(jī)電裝置，在6秒鐘內(nèi)可將1500磅的重物提高6英尺。 還有一種機(jī)器可將人、計(jì)算機(jī)和工作設(shè)備聯(lián)系起來(lái)。幸虧有了計(jì)算機(jī)，人類(lèi)不必親臨指導(dǎo)設(shè)備做每一個(gè)步驟，計(jì)算機(jī)“記得”如何指揮機(jī)械手做很多工作。還有一些模擬機(jī)可以到達(dá)人所不能到的地方，深入深海、進(jìn)入放射線強(qiáng)度可使人患病甚至致死的核反應(yīng)堆。被稱(chēng)為“遠(yuǎn)程操作”的裝置可增強(qiáng)人的智能和體能，仍需要人遠(yuǎn)程控制。有朝一日，醫(yī)生可以利用這種系統(tǒng)為數(shù)千里外的病人作手術(shù)。隨著機(jī)器和機(jī)器人變的越來(lái)越復(fù)雜化，他們是否有一天會(huì)取代人類(lèi)來(lái)掌管這個(gè)世界？大部分科學(xué)家認(rèn)為不會(huì)。相反的，他們認(rèn)為，機(jī)器人會(huì)接管更多的繁重任務(wù)，給人類(lèi)更多的時(shí)間進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性工作。三、 Grammar翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和過(guò)程1準(zhǔn)確 科技用語(yǔ)必須符合我國(guó)科技界的習(xí)慣