江蘇省202X高考英語第二部分語法核心突破第九課時并列句和狀語從句課件

1、第九課時并列句和狀語從句第九課時并列句和狀語從句李仕才1.Located _ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(2017江蘇卷)A.why B.when C.which D.where答案Dbe located in地點(diǎn)名詞，意為“位于/坐落于某地”，where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句在此相當(dāng)于in some place，故選D。句意：位于“一帶一路”交匯處的江蘇省將會對“一帶一路”的建設(shè)做出更大的貢獻(xiàn)。感 悟 高 考2.If you dont unders

2、tand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _ you figure it out.(2017北京卷)A.because B.thoughC.until D.since答案Cbecause因?yàn)?；though盡管；until直到；since自從。句意：如果你無法理解某個東西，你可能會去研究，學(xué)習(xí)，和他人探討直到你解決為止，根據(jù)句意可知選用until，直到，選C。3. _ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for ot

3、her purposes.(2017北京卷)A.Once B.If C.Although D.Because答案COnce一旦；If如果；Although盡管；Because因?yàn)?。句意：盡管鳥兒們用羽毛來飛翔，但是他們的一些羽毛還有其他用途。根據(jù)語境可知前后之間是讓步關(guān)系，故選C。4.Peter, please send us postcards _ well know where you have visited.No problem.(2017北京卷)A.but B.or C.for D.so答案Dbut但是；or或者；for因?yàn)椋籹o因此。句意： Peter，請給我們寄明信片，因此我們就

4、會知道你們?nèi)ツ挠斡[過。根據(jù)語境可知前后句之間是因果關(guān)系，故選D。5._ online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive.(2016浙江卷)A.Since B.After C.While D.Unless答案C句意：盡管網(wǎng)上購物已經(jīng)改變了我們的生活，但是不是所有的影響都是積極的。while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然”；since既然，自從；after在之后；unless除非。故選C。6._ the average age of the population increases，t

5、here are more and more old people to care for.(2016天津卷)A.Unless B.Until C.As D.While答案C句意：隨著人口平均年齡的增加，越來越多的老年人需要照顧。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示“隨著”，故選C。要 點(diǎn) 精 析一、并列句的4種類型1. 表并列、遞進(jìn)或順承關(guān)系：and，both.and.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.Not only did he speak more correctly but (also) he spoke more easily.他不僅說得更正確

6、了，而且說起來也更容易了。2.表轉(zhuǎn)折、對比關(guān)系：but，yet，whileThe winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天卻很暖和。3. 表選擇關(guān)系：or，otherwise，or else，either.or.，not.but.4. 表因果關(guān)系：so，for (表“由于”，一般不放在句首)Now you can either have a rest or you can go to the cinema.現(xiàn)在你可以休息，也可以去看電影。He must have been caugh

7、t in the rain，for he is wet all over.他肯定被雨淋了，因?yàn)樗麥喩矶紳窳?。二、并列句?大句式1. when “就在這時，突然”，常用于以下句式：(1)sb be about to do/on the point of doing sth when.某人正要做某事，突然(2)sb be doing sth when.某人正在做某事，突然(3)sb had done sth when.某人剛做完某事，突然One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cr

8、ies for help.當(dāng)我們周五在收拾行李要去度周末時，我的女兒突然聽到了呼救聲。He was about to jump into the river when the guide stopped him.他正要向河里跳，這時導(dǎo)游攔住了他。2. and與or/otherwise用于并列句(1)祈使句and陳述句(and表示順承關(guān)系)(2)祈使句or/otherwise陳述句(or/otherwise表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)Work hard and you will succeed.努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就會成功。Hurry up，or/otherwise you will be late for clas

9、s.快點(diǎn)兒，否則你們上課就遲到了。一、時間狀語從句1.when, while和as的用法連詞含義及用法例句when“當(dāng)時候”，可與延續(xù)性動詞或短暫性動詞連用；從句動作可以發(fā)生在主句動作之前、之后或與主句動作同時發(fā)生When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials.當(dāng)你申請工作時，你必須遞交你的有關(guān)證書。while“當(dāng)時候”，一般只可與延續(xù)性動詞連用，從句動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.客人們就要吃完的時候，瑪麗去煮咖

10、啡了。as“一邊一邊”，常與延續(xù)性動詞連用，從句動作與主句動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生As he grew older, he became less active.隨著他逐漸長大，他變得不那么活潑了。名師點(diǎn)津如果主句表示的是短暫性動作，而從句用延續(xù)性動詞的進(jìn)行時表示在一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作時，when, while與as可互換使用。When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend.我正沿著大街走時，碰巧遇到了我的一個老朋友。2.before與since的用法(1)before表示“在之前；還未就；還沒

11、來得及就”。常用于以下句型：It will be一段時間before. 多久之后才It wont be long before. 不久之后就It was一段時間before. 過了多久才John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.約翰認(rèn)為不久他就能為他的新工作做好準(zhǔn)備。(2)since的用法since表示“自從”，其引導(dǎo)的從句在句中作狀語時，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時；從句常用一般過去時。I have returned home twice since I settled down in the Stat

12、es.自從我定居美國后，我回過兩次家。They have been living very happily since they got married.自從結(jié)婚后他們一直生活得很幸福。since后面所用動詞不同，該動詞所表示動作持續(xù)時間的計(jì)算方法也不同。since瞬間動詞過去式(從該動作發(fā)生時算起)since持續(xù)性動詞過去式(從動作結(jié)束時算起)He has written to me frequently since he was ill.自從病好以來，他經(jīng)常給我來信。He has written to me frequently since he went abroad.他自出國以來，經(jīng)常

13、給我寫信。since表示“自從以來”，常用于“It is/has been時間段since從句”結(jié)構(gòu)。該句型表示“自從開始(不做)已經(jīng)多長時間了”，一般從句的時態(tài)用一般過去時，主句中的時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時。As is reported，it has been/is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.據(jù)報(bào)道，清華大學(xué)已經(jīng)建立了100多年了。3.till, until和not.until.的用法(1)until或till表示“某動作一直延續(xù)到某時間點(diǎn)才停止”，此時主句謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞，主、從句都為肯定式。這兩個詞可

14、以換用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?這個會議將被推遲到下周二，你有沒有聽說？(2)not. until. 表示“直到才”，主句謂語動詞必須是非延續(xù)性動詞。As far as I know, his mother wont go to bed until he returns home every evening.據(jù)我所知，他母親每晚直到他回家才會上床睡覺。4.表示“一就，剛就”的常用表達(dá)(1)表示“一就”的表達(dá)as soon as, immedi

15、ately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant，the secondThe moment I heard the voice，I knew Father was coming.我一聽到那個聲音就知道父親來了。(2)表示“剛就”的表達(dá)no sooner. than., hardly/scarcely. when.的時態(tài)搭配：no sooner與hardly/scarcely后的句子謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去完成時，而than與when引導(dǎo)的句子謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般過去時。此外，當(dāng)把no sooner和hardly/scarcely

16、提到句首時，應(yīng)用倒裝語序。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他剛完成演講學(xué)生們就開始?xì)g呼起來。二、條件狀語從句1.條件狀語從句的常見引導(dǎo)詞if, unless (if. not), so/as long as (只要), on condition that (條件是), if only (if), provided that (如果), in

17、case (萬一，如果), suppose/supposing that (假設(shè)，如果), assuming that等均可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or its very cold.除非下雨或天很冷，否則我們將在本周日去公園野餐。My parents dont mind what job I do as long as I am happy.我的父母不在意我從事什么工作，只要我高興就好。2.條件狀語從句的時態(tài)在條件狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來含義；現(xiàn)在完成時表即將完成之后的

18、情況；一般過去時表過去將來的含義。If everyone does his part, the project will surely be a success.如果大家都盡責(zé)，這個項(xiàng)目肯定會成功。三、讓步狀語從句1.although, though, while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。2.as, though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句需用部分倒裝語序。Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.盡管有規(guī)律的鍛煉很重要，但臨睡

19、前鍛煉不是個好主意。Hot as/though the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.在長途跋涉之后，盡管夜晚的空氣很熱，我們還是因?yàn)槔鬯煤苁臁?.“疑問詞-ever”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，意為“無論”。4.whether. or.引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，意為“不論還是”，表示正反兩種情況都不會影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。However hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the a

20、mount you eat.不管你多么努力，如果不減少飯量，減肥很難。Well go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot.不管我們能否找到所需的工具，我們都要把這項(xiàng)工作做下去。四、地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句表示地點(diǎn)、方位，通常由where, wherever引導(dǎo)，可置于句首、句中或句尾。I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise where I am sitting.因?yàn)槲易牡胤皆胍籼?，所以聽不清教授在說什

21、么。名師點(diǎn)津where引導(dǎo)的定語從句與狀語從句的區(qū)別：地點(diǎn)狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別在于從句在句中所作的成分，如果作狀語，則是狀語從句；如果作定語，則是定語從句。The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother. (狀語從句，其中remain為不及物動詞)The little girl who got lost decided to remain in the place where she was and wait for her mother. (定語從句)那個迷路的小女孩

22、決定待在原地等她的母親。五、原因狀語從句1.because譯作“因?yàn)椤?，表示直接原因，語氣較強(qiáng)，能回答由why提出的問句。2.as譯作“由于”，語氣較輕，常表示顯而易見的原因；since (既然), now that (既然), in that (因?yàn)?，表示雙方都知道的原因，語氣較弱。as, since和now that引導(dǎo)的從句多位于主句之前。原因狀語從句可由because, as, since, now that, in that, considering (that)等詞引導(dǎo)。The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because

23、 he wanted to sit next to his wife.那位老人讓露西換坐到另一把椅子上，因?yàn)樗氚ぶ拮幼ow that you have got a job, you should learn to be independent of your parents.既然你找到了一份工作，你應(yīng)該學(xué)會獨(dú)立不依靠父母。六、方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有as, as if, as though等。方式狀語從句應(yīng)放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引導(dǎo)的從句常用虛擬語氣，但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，也可用陳述語氣。The house was greatly

24、 damaged by the truck.Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive.卡車對這座房子造成了嚴(yán)重的損壞。我們最好保持原樣直到警察到來。The construction industry is no longer as depressed as it was.建筑業(yè)不再像以往那樣蕭條了。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.這位老太太對待這個男孩就像他是她自己的兒子似的。七、結(jié)果狀語從句1.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有：so.that.

25、, such.that.。在非正式語體中，由so.that., such.that.引導(dǎo)的句子中的that可以省略，注意其結(jié)構(gòu)形式：He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.他如此有學(xué)問，以至于我們非常贊賞他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天氣如此晴朗，以至于我們都想去公園。He earned so little money t

26、hat he couldnt support his family.他掙這么少的錢，以至于養(yǎng)不起家。2.當(dāng)so或such所在的主句主語與結(jié)果狀語從句中的主語一致時，還可簡化為：so/such.as to.。He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一名如此聰明的學(xué)生，以至于他能夠解決所有難題。八、目的狀語從句1

27、.in order that和so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (that), lest等。兩個連詞都意為“以便；為了”，它們引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中常用情態(tài)動詞。When he goes out, he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.他出門的時候常戴著墨鏡，以便沒人能認(rèn)出他。2.for fear that, in case (that)和lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀

28、語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時，for fear that表示“害怕，擔(dān)心某事會發(fā)生”；in case (that)/lest表示“以防出現(xiàn)某種情況”。The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那個男孩藏在樹后面，以防他父親看到他。Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.帶上雨衣以防下雨。解 題 策 略1.句意翻譯法對于狀語從句的解答來說，最重要的一點(diǎn)是能夠正確地翻譯句子的意思，這樣就能夠判斷出該從句是狀語從句中的哪一種，

29、選擇也就很容易了。(1)_ they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.A.As B.While C.Until D.Once答案D句意：一旦學(xué)生們決定了要上哪所大學(xué)，他們就應(yīng)該研究申請此大學(xué)的入學(xué)程序了。as “當(dāng)時，由于”；while “當(dāng)時，盡管”；until “直到”；once “一旦”。根據(jù)句意選擇D項(xiàng)。(2)Our holiday cost a lot of money.Did it? Well, that doesnt matter _ you enjo

30、yed yourselves.A.as long as B.unlessC.as soon as D.though答案A句意：“我們這次度假花了很多錢?！薄笆菃幔颗?，沒關(guān)系，只要你們玩得高興就行?！?as long as “只要”；unless “除非”；as soon as “一就”；though “盡管；雖然”。2.分清句子類型法對于有些試題來說，掌握和分清一些固定的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是很重要的。同時也要注意該從句與別的一些從句的區(qū)別，如地點(diǎn)狀語從句和定語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句和定語從句等。(1)John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new

31、job.A.when B.after C.before D.since答案C所填詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句，構(gòu)成It (will) be時間段狀語從句，意思是：過多久才將，故選C。(2)Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get it.A.even if B.which C.where D.so that答案C句意：你最好不要把藥放在孩子們能夠得著的地方。本題考查where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句。本句相當(dāng)于：Youd better not leave the medicine in the place where kids can get it.針 對

32、訓(xùn) 練1.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then，_ hes in his nineties.(2016北京卷)A.as long as B.as ifC.even though D.in case答案C句意：盡管我祖父已經(jīng)九十多歲了，但他仍不時打網(wǎng)球。由句意可知，本句的前后兩部分之間為讓步關(guān)系，故選C。2.I really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.(2016北京卷)A.be

33、cause B.beforeC.unless D.until答案A句意：我真的很喜歡聽音樂，因?yàn)樗兄谖曳潘桑屛彝浺惶熘械钠渌麘n慮。根據(jù)句意可知，句子前后為因果關(guān)系，故選A。3.I am not afraid of tomorrow，_ I have seen yesterday and I love today.(2016北京卷)A.so B.and C.for D.but答案C句意：我并不害怕明天。因?yàn)槲乙岩娮C了昨天并熱愛今天。根據(jù)句意可知，句子前后為因果關(guān)系，故選C。4._scientists have learned a lot about the universe，there

34、is much we still dont know.(2015安徽卷)A.Once B.Since C.Though D.Unless答案C句意：盡管科學(xué)家們對宇宙已經(jīng)了解甚多，但仍有許多我們還不知道的東西。once一旦；since自從以來；though盡管；unless除非。該題考查讓步狀語從句，故選C；而A、D常引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；B常用來引導(dǎo)時間或原因狀語從句。5.We need to get to the root of the problem_ we can solve it.(2015天津卷)A.while B.after C.before D.as答案C句意：我們在解決問題之前需

35、要找到其根源。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可知，“找到問題的根源”在“解決問題”之前發(fā)生。before在之前，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，符合題意。6._ the students came from different countries，they got along quite well in the summer camp.(2015福建卷)A.While B.Unless C.Since D.Until答案A句意：盡管那些學(xué)生來自不同的國家，但是他們在夏令營相處得很好。此處用while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“雖然，盡管”。7.He is a shy man, _ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.(2015北京卷)A.so B.but C.or D.as答案B句意：他是一個很害羞的人，但是他不害怕任何事和人。 由句意可知前后兩句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but，選B。8._ the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.(2015北京卷)A.Until B.Unless C.Once D.Although答案C句意：一旦造成損害，要花費(fèi)許多年的時間耕地才能恢復(fù)。until直到；unless除非；once一旦；a