虛擬語氣Ⅱ教學案

1、虛擬語氣教學案于亞東虛擬語氣除主要用于條件句（也就是狀語從句）外，還可用于主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、定語從句等。1. 虛擬語氣在主語從句中的應(yīng)用“常用在It is (was)+形容詞 / 過去分詞+that引導的主語從句”的句型中的主語從句要用虛擬語氣。主語從句的謂語用should+動詞原形(或should+have+過去分詞)或只用動詞原形(尤其是美國英語)。should在此是助動詞，本身并無實義，這種主語從句中的should有時有感情色彩。Its important that we（should）work out a plan. （帶有“要求”的含義）Its better that h

2、e go at once. （帶有“建議”的意思） 用于本句型的形容詞并不多，常見形容詞有：necessary，important，best, right, impossible，preferable，desirable, imperative, advisable，essential，reserved，urgent， 等。It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once Its strange that he should say so.I was glad that he should go.It is important that

3、we should speak politely. It is a pity that she should fare so badly.Its right that you should think that way. 用于本句型中的過去分詞就是表示提議、要求、命令等動詞的過去分詞，如suggested，settled, required，requested，demanded，urged，decided, proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lecture

4、It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonightIm ashamed you should have done such a thing.It has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off有人建議推遲會議。It is settled that you leave us, then? 注意：這種句型中的主語從句也可用陳述語氣，如：It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score la

5、st week. 他上個星期對于這一方面做了明確的說明，這是很重要的。2. 虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用1). 賓語從句在表示提議、要求、命令、意志等動詞后，其謂語用should+動詞原形或只用動詞原形的虛擬語氣，作為suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object, arrange, desire等動詞的賓語。如：The doctor suggested that he not go there醫(yī)生建議他不要去那里。He suggested tha

6、t we should leave early. 他建議我們早點動身。The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告還押。2). wish的賓語的從句，表示愿望，常省去連詞that。 從句的謂語動詞可用過去式，表示現(xiàn)在的愿望（與現(xiàn)在事實相反），雖實現(xiàn)的可能性不大，但仍有實現(xiàn)的可能。 I wish it were true我但愿這是真的。 從句的謂語動詞還可用“could（would，might）+動詞原形”用來表示將來的愿望 I wish you would stay a little longer.我希望你再待一會

7、兒。 表示無能為力的過去愿望（與過去事實相反），可用“had +過去分詞”或“could（would，might）+have+過去分詞”I wish you had called yesterday我希望你昨天來過電話。We wish you had come to our New Years party.我們真希望你來參加了我們的新年聯(lián)歡會。3). would rather, would sooner等表示愿望，其賓語從句常用虛擬過去式。 表示與現(xiàn)在和將來含義事實相反的虛擬語氣要用動詞的過去式 用過去完成式(had + 過去分詞)表示過去事實相反的含義I would rather you c

8、ame tomorrow.我寧愿你明天來。Id sooner she left the heavy end of the work to some one else.我寧愿她把重活留給別人。4). 有些動詞，如think, expect, believe,其否定式的賓語從句亦可用should+動詞原形。如：I never thought he should refuse.我萬沒有想到他會拒絕。She did not expect that you should come.她沒有預料你會來。3. 虛擬語氣在表語從句中的應(yīng)用名詞suggestion，proposal，order，advice，de

9、mand等作主語，其后的表語從句中的謂語動詞一般使用虛擬語氣，用should +動詞原形或省略should。My suggestion is that we (should) send a few soldiers to help them. 我的建議是我們應(yīng)派幾個戰(zhàn)士去增援他們。My advice is that you (should) treat her well. 我的忠告是你應(yīng)該善待她。He makes the demand that she (should) leave the place at once. 他提出一個要求，要求她立刻離開這個地方。My suggestion is

10、that we should tell him.我的建議是我們應(yīng)該告訴他。Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.我們唯一的請求就是盡快解決這個問題。注意：虛擬語氣也可以用于同位語從句。如：There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一項建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊。4. 虛擬語氣在定語從句中的應(yīng)用常用在It is time (that)句型中，定語從句常用虛擬過去式It is time the children wen

11、t to bed. 孩子們早該上床睡覺了。（表示催促）Its high time that he began to think how to deal with money. 他早該開始考慮如何與錢打交道。It is time we left.我們該走了。It is time we went to bed.我們該去睡覺了。 5. 虛擬式動詞原形亦常用在獨立句中，表愿望Long live the Communist Party of China！中國共產(chǎn)黨萬歲！God bless you! 上帝保佑你。God damn it! 該死的！The devil take you! 見鬼去吧！So be

12、 it then. 就那樣吧。6. 虛擬時態(tài)與謂語動詞時態(tài)的關(guān)系：從句中的虛擬時態(tài)往往不受全句謂語時態(tài)的影響。1) 用于主語從句。試比較：It is important that he should know about this.他必須知道此事。It was important that he should know about this.他必須知道此事。2) 用于賓語從句。試比較：I suggest that we should go tomorrow.我建議我們明天走。I suggested that we should go the next day.我建議我們第二天走。She sai

13、d, “If I were a boy I would join the army.”她說，“我如是男孩，就參軍?！盨he said that if she were a boy, she would join the army.她說她如是男孩就參軍。但強調(diào)現(xiàn)在時刻的虛擬式在間接引語中需要遵守時態(tài)一致的原則。試比較：“If I knew how it worked, I could tell you what to do,” he said.“假如我知道它是如何運行的話，我就會告訴你該怎么辦，”他說道。He said that if he had known how it worked he

14、could have told me what to do.他說假如他知道它是如何運行的話，他就會告訴我該怎么辦?！癐f I knew the answer to all your questions Id be a genius,” he said.“我如知道你所有問題的答案，我就是天才了。”他說道。He said that if he knew the answer to all my questions, hed be a genius.他說他如知道我所有問題的答案，他就是天才了。但如果全句謂語是虛擬語氣，其后從句的時態(tài)則多受其影響，現(xiàn)在時態(tài)應(yīng)隨之而變?yōu)檫^去時態(tài)。如：I would th

15、ink he was wrong.我看他是錯了。(須用was,試比較：I think he is wrong)It would seem that she was right. 她似乎是對的。(須用was,試比較：It seems that she is right)專項練習：1His doctor suggested that he _ a short leave of absenceAwill take Bwould take Ctake Dtook2The job would require that _ at 7 oclock every morningAhe will be at t

16、he factory Bhe be at the factoryChe was at the factory Dhe has been at the factory3Your advice that she _ till next week is reasonableAwill wait Bis going to wait Cwaits Dwait4The housemaster was strictHe requested that we _ television on week nightsAnot watch Bmust not to watchCnot be watching Dhav

17、e not watched5It is necessary that a worker _ his work on timeAaccomplishes Bcan accomplishCaccomplish Dhas accomplished6It is important that he _ his decision before FridayAwill make Bmakes Cmake Dmust make7You look so tired. Its time you _ Ago to sleepBwent to sleepCgo to bedDwent to bed8Id rather

18、 you _ anything about it for the time beingAdo Bdidnt do Cdont Ddidnt9But for water，it _ impossible to live in the desertAis Bwas Cwere Dwouldnt be10 _ it_ for your help，I couldnt have made any progressAHad；not been BShould；not beenCDid；not been DNot；be11Long _ the Party！Alives Blive Cwill live Dsho

19、uld live12Mary insisted that Tom _ her the ring backAgives Bgive Cgiven Dhave given13My suggestion was that the meeting _ off till next weekAto put Bbe putCshould put Dbe putting14Mother suggested that I _ my homework first before watching TVAdid Bdo Cshall doDhave done15He insisted that nothing _ t

20、ill he arrived. Amust be started Bought to be started Ccould be started Dshould be started 16Tom suggests that Ann _ the house. Acan sell Bsells Csell Dsold 17Its better that he _ it from you. All hear Bhears Cshould hear Dheard 18It was necessary that he _ about what had happened. Abe told Bwas tol

21、d Cshould tell Dtell 19Its astonishing that she _ sad at news that it has nothing to do with her. Afelt Bshould feel Cll feel Dwould feel 20It was strange that we _ short of water in the country where it was always raining. Aare Bbe Cshould be Dboth B and C 21It is strange that she _ marry such an u

22、gly man. Awould Bshould Cshall Dmust22Its not right that the meeting _ off till tomorrow. Amust be put Bmust put Cwill be put Dbe put 23It was impossible that he _ the train, for he had started out very early. Acould have missed Bmust have missed Cshould have missed Dshould miss 24Its a pity that he

23、 _ such a good chance. Ashould miss Bshould have missed Chas missed Dall the above25He tried to find some excuse for the debt, but I insisted that he _ it off at once. Amust pay Bought to pay Cpaid Dpay 26Mr. Ford insisted that he _ right, though the others didnt think so. Ashould do Bshould have do

24、ne Chad done Ddid 27His pale face suggested that he _ the sad news. Ashould be told Bshould have been told Cwas told Dhad been told 28He suggested that we _ here at once. Ashould leave Bmust leave Cleft Dought to leave 29My order is that everyone _ their own work in time. Amust complete Bcompleted C

25、completes Dcomplete 30Weve made the decision that we _ at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. Awill gather Bare about to gather Cwould gather Dshould gather 31-Ill be waiting for you at home. - _ I were busy and couldnt come?AWhat if BWhat when C How if DHow when 32After he was praised for what h

26、e had done, he said，“I _ even better under harder conditions. ”Awould do Bwould have done Cdid Dhad done 33It has been raining for a day, but even though it _ , we _ there by tomorrow. Ahadnt rained, couldnt get Bhadnt rained, cant get Cdidnt rain, couldnt get Ddidnt rain, cant get 34We could not ha

27、ve succeeded _ your help. Abut for Bwithout Cif it had not been for Dall the above 35I dare say he is not your true friend, because a true friend _ differently when you were in trouble. Aacted Bhad acted Cwould act Dwould have acted 參考答案：1C 2B 3D 4A 5C6C 7D 8B 9D 10A11B 12B 13B 14B 15 D insist作“要求別人做某事”解，其賓語從句用should型虛擬語氣。16 C 這種should型虛擬語氣，有時可將should省略，因此，C項的sell不能有人稱變化。17C 本句話有“要求”的意思，故選C。18 A C、D為主動，在此不妥。19 B 選B表示了說話人帶有一種十分驚訝的感情，選A項與she的人稱不相一致，是錯的。參見本章語法說明。