動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)學(xué)案(共8頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)透析·突破高考知識(shí)清單1.熟知八種基本時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成；2. 八種基本時(shí)態(tài)的用法及重點(diǎn)；3. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)與現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)用法上的側(cè)重點(diǎn)；4. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式；5. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中特殊情況；6. 與時(shí)態(tài)相關(guān)的固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)。 學(xué)情分析考生在動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中存在著以下幾點(diǎn)問(wèn)題：1.考生對(duì)于時(shí)態(tài)的基本類型不能熟練掌握；2. 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞形式不清楚；3. 句子中的主被動(dòng)意識(shí)淡；4. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式，不能準(zhǔn)確使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；5. 在使用時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，全憑所謂的語(yǔ)感去判斷，寫(xiě)出來(lái)的句子中時(shí)態(tài)混亂，沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)觀念，沒(méi)有章法可言。 考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)

2、(do/does)1表示客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理或自然現(xiàn)象。As is known to us, the sun _(rise) in the east and _(set) in the west.2表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有always, often, usually, sometimes, every day/year, on Sundays, once a week。Some senior 3 students _(got) up at 5：20 every day including Sunday.3在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)。If city no

3、ises _(not, keep) from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard.4表示按時(shí)刻表、計(jì)劃規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：come, go, leave, begin, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等。The plane _(take) off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday.典例12015·四川成都一診It's probable that the rocket _ (date) from about 2,000

4、 years ago in China.典例22015·北京東城區(qū)期末_，we will carry out the plan next week. (完成句子)除非你有不同意見(jiàn)，否則我們下周就執(zhí)行該計(jì)劃了?？键c(diǎn)二一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(did)1表示過(guò)去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)間比較具體yesterday (morning), two years ago, last night/year, in 1990, in the past, the day before yesterday, the other day)或上下文語(yǔ)境有暗示，或由于地點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)變而導(dǎo)致同一個(gè)動(dòng)作用過(guò)

5、去時(shí)態(tài)。I _(teach) English in Xi'an for half a year. I _(feel) very tired. When I_(get) home, I _(go) straight to bed.2描述過(guò)去時(shí)間中發(fā)生的一系列事件。He _(go) to the market, _(bring) some eggs and _(return) home.3原來(lái)沒(méi)有意料到，沒(méi)有想到的事。Excuse me. I _(not, realize) I was blocking your way.4固定句式(1)It's high time that sb

6、. did sth.是某人該做某事的時(shí)候了。It's high time we _(do) something about environmental protection.(2)would rather主did.表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反的情況。I would rather you _(come) here tomorrow morning.注意：一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中的動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某時(shí)間已經(jīng)停止，只是強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系。典例32015·四川成都二診Have you worked out the schedule for our graduation trip?Y

7、es. I _ (work) on it for 3 hours.典例42015·四川成都一診All football fans _ (witness) the Germans' final victory in the 2014 World Cup this August.考點(diǎn)三完成時(shí)態(tài)(have/has/had done)1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)到說(shuō)話時(shí)剛剛完成或結(jié)束，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍然有影響?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與up to now, so far, recently, ever, never, already, yet, lately, in/during

8、/over the past/last+時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn), for+時(shí)間段等表示時(shí)間的詞,或since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句(從句中使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài))連用。His first novel _(receive) good reviews since it came out last month.(2)用于時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)要完成的動(dòng)作或一個(gè)動(dòng)作先于另一個(gè)動(dòng)作。When shall we restart our business?Not until we _(finish) our plan.(3)在“It (This) is(will be)the first/second/thi

9、rd.timethat從句”中，that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This is the first time that we _(see) a film in the cinema together as a family.(4)在“It (This) is the best (worst，mostadj.等)名詞從句”中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。It is the most instructive lecture that I _(attend) since I came to this school.2過(guò)去完成時(shí)(1)某些動(dòng)詞用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，意為“本來(lái)期望/認(rèn)

10、為/打算”。這類動(dòng)詞主要有：expect, hope, plan, suppose, think, intend, mean, want等。I _(intend) to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.I _(mean) to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.(2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，考生做題時(shí)關(guān)鍵看該動(dòng)作是否發(fā)生在題干中所給的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去的時(shí)間之前，如果是就用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Last month, the Japanese government expr

11、essed their thanks for the aid they _(receive) from China.What a mistake!Yes，I _(suggest) his doing it another way，but without success.(3)by, by the end, by the time, until, before后接表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _(graduate) from college.(4)在hardly(scarc

12、ely).when.，no sooner.than.句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。意思為“一就”。Hardly (No sooner) _I _(get) home when(than) the rain poured down.(5)用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣如if, wish, would rather與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的從句中。If he_(work) harder, he would have 3將來(lái)完成時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。經(jīng)常與“before將來(lái)時(shí)間”或“by將來(lái)時(shí)間”連用，也可與before或by the time引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句連用。

13、On her next birthday，Ann _(marry) for twenty years.典例52015·浙江溫州一模I suddenly realized that I was kept so busy that I _ (spend) little time with my family before.典例62015·北京東城區(qū)一模Mum！Where is my packed lunch?In the kitchen. I _ (make) you two sandwiches.典例72015·重慶南開(kāi)中學(xué)二模Hurry up, or by the

14、 time we arrive at the cinema, the film _ (begin)考點(diǎn)四進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)高考題對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查往往是在具體的語(yǔ)境中進(jìn)行的，不給出具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要求考生能夠通過(guò)語(yǔ)境判斷出該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來(lái)表示：(1)說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now, at present連用。Hurry up! Mark and Carol _(wait) for us.(2)現(xiàn)階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話時(shí)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。The water supply has been cut off temporarily because th

15、e workers _(repair) one of the main pipes.Teenagers _(damage) their health because they play computer games too much.(3)近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃, 常用于位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞如：go, come, leave, start, begin, run, leave, stay, do, take等。I've won a holiday for two days to Florida.I _(take) my Mum.2過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作常與at this t

16、ime yesterday, at eight yesterday evening, all day yesterday連用或某動(dòng)作在某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _(give) in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.I'm

17、 so sorry. But I _(do) my homework.(2)某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，其中一個(gè)在由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。持續(xù)性動(dòng)作用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，短暫性動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。The reporter said that the UFO _(travel) east to west when he saw it.3現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行。Tom _(work) in the library every night over the last three months.I have to see the do

18、ctor because I _(cause) a lot lately.(2)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，在說(shuō)話時(shí)剛剛結(jié)束。Where have you been？We _(look) for you everywhere.4將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者將來(lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。這些常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志性狀語(yǔ)有：at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow等。Danie

19、l's family _(enjoy) their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.Guess what, we've got our visas for a short­term visit to the UK this summer.How nice! You _(experience) a different culture then.5固定句式be doing.when.表示“當(dāng)一件事情發(fā)生時(shí)，另外一件事情發(fā)生了”。I _(wander) in the street when I came across a f

20、riend of mine.類似結(jié)構(gòu)用法還有：be about to do.when.表示“當(dāng)一件事情馬上要發(fā)生時(shí)，突然另外一件事情發(fā)生了”；had done.when.表示“一件事情剛剛發(fā)生，突然另外一件事情發(fā)生了”。I _ just _(come) back when the doorbell rang again.典例82015·重慶巴蜀中學(xué)期末Joe, what about going to Belgium for our coming holiday?Sorry, honey, I _ (work) on the newly discovered dinosaur site

21、 in Argentina. 典例92015·重慶一診Leave me alone. I _ (write) an article all the afternoon and haven't finished yet.典例102015·蘇錫四市調(diào)研Hi, Peter. Why didn't you go to the cinema last night?I _ (watch) the popular show Dad, where are we going?考點(diǎn)五將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)除了“will/shall動(dòng)詞原形”可以表示將來(lái)時(shí)，以下幾種形式也可表示將來(lái)意義, 常與

22、tomorrow, soon, next year, the day after tomorrow, in the future連用。1. be going to dobe going to結(jié)構(gòu)在口語(yǔ)中常用來(lái)表示已經(jīng)決定或安排要做的事、必然或很可能發(fā)生的事，也可用來(lái)表示自然現(xiàn)象。I_ some material about Picasso.我打算搜集一些有關(guān)畢加索的材料。It_ for surfing tomorrow.明天將會(huì)是沖浪的好天氣。2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有這種用法的主要是一些表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，如go, come, leave, start, begin, run, leave, sta

23、y, do, take等。這種將來(lái)意義往往指安排好要做的事情，很少變更。I_(fly) to Beijing tomorrow.She_(leave) early tomorrow morning.3. be to do這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示按計(jì)劃中約定的或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)、要求必須去做的事或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。The engineer is _(visit) our factory next week.The meeting is _(take) place early tomorrow.4. be about to do這一結(jié)構(gòu)用于表示客觀上馬上就要發(fā)生的事，一般不與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Don't

24、go out. We_(have) dinner.The new school year _(begin).注意：be going to與will都表將來(lái)，二者主要區(qū)別如下：(1)will表示說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為、相信、希望或假定要發(fā)生的事，不含任何具體時(shí)間，可以指遙遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)，而be going to指有跡象表明即將發(fā)生或肯定會(huì)發(fā)生的事。There_(be) a quarrel between them, I think.(2)be going to和will均可表示“意圖”；但事先考慮過(guò)的意圖用be going to，不是事先考慮的意圖用will，即臨時(shí)決定。Sorry, I forgot to bu

25、y the book you need.It doesn't matter I _(go) myself.典例112015·江蘇四市一模How long do you expect it _ (be) before the African can keep the disease under control? 典例122015·陜西五校一模The constant noise around here _ (drive) me crazy!Calm down. It's no use complaining.考點(diǎn)六動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)在英語(yǔ)中不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者時(shí)，使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

26、態(tài)，在考查動(dòng)詞方面，也是重點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容之一，因此，考生碰到動(dòng)詞考查時(shí)，要先判斷時(shí)態(tài)，然后要考慮語(yǔ)態(tài)，即：主語(yǔ)與該動(dòng)詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。1各種基本時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成“be過(guò)去分詞”為基本構(gòu)成，只要變換be的形式就可以得到不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，除“be過(guò)去分詞”外，還有g(shù)et/become過(guò)去分詞。如下表：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以write為例)時(shí)間一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)注意：英語(yǔ)中只有及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)(短語(yǔ))無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(1)Great changes _(take) place in my hometown since the reform and openi

27、ng.改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。此處take place無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(2)All the applicants _(interview) before a final decision is made by the authority.所有的申請(qǐng)人在官方做最終決定前都要面試。此處applicants與interview之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)(1)“系動(dòng)詞look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow

28、, keep等形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The steel_(feel) cold.His plan _(prove) (to be) practical.(2)表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特征的動(dòng)詞，如read, write, act, iron, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink等。這類動(dòng)詞一般不單獨(dú)使用，常有一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ),且常與副詞well, easily, smoothly等連用。如：This coat _ easily. 這件外套容易干。Nylon _(cle

29、an) easily. 尼龍容易洗干凈。Food can _(keep) fresh in a fridge. 食物在冰箱里能保鮮。Your essay _(read) well. 你的文章讀起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。This material _(wear) thin. 這些材料已經(jīng)磨薄了。The match _(not, catch). 這根火柴擦不著。The engine _(not, start). 這個(gè)引擎發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)。（3）“want, need, require, deserve，be worth + doing”表示被動(dòng)意義。在這種情況下,句子的主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是doing的賓語(yǔ)。Your hair

30、 needs _(cut).你的頭發(fā)需要剪了。His shoes want _(mend).他的鞋子需要修補(bǔ)。（4）某些作表語(yǔ)的形容詞，如：easy, hard, difficult, fit, heavy, nice, comfortable等后面，用不定式的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。That question is easy to _(answer).那個(gè)問(wèn)題難以回答。His clothes are difficult to _(wash).他的衣服難洗。(5)不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),如last, occur, happen,begin, end, stop, open, shut, close, bre

31、ak out, give out, run out, go out, belong to, take place等不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Gulf War _(break out) on January 17, 1991.1991年1月17日，海灣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)。(6) 表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動(dòng)詞, 如contain, hold, cost, fit, have, lack, resemble, suit等不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。My brain cant _(hold) so much information at one time.我的大腦一下子不能容納這么多信息。(7)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞、相互代詞、動(dòng)名

32、詞（短語(yǔ)）、不定式（短語(yǔ)）時(shí)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。This girl cant _(dress) herself yet.這個(gè)女孩還不能自己穿衣服。Tom enjoys _(listen)to rock music.湯姆喜歡聽(tīng)搖滾樂(lè)。(8)由“動(dòng)詞+介詞/副詞”構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),這類動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)不可分割的整體,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不可去掉構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的介詞或副詞。We cant laugh at him.(變被動(dòng)句） _Time _.一定要充分利用時(shí)間。He cant be laughed at by us.(9)由“get+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，叫g(shù)et型被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),常與marry, bre

33、ak, hurt, wound, injure, dress 等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)分連用。The patient _(treat) once a week.那位病人一周治療一次。Please hurry up and _(dress).請(qǐng)趕快穿好衣服。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，表示動(dòng)作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，表示狀態(tài)。I found the whole yard was covered with snow. ( )The highway was covered by the snow and had to be closed. ( )典例132015·福州畢業(yè)班質(zhì)檢Highw

34、ays across China _ (report) to be free of charge for 20 days during holidays in 2015.典例142015·北京豐臺(tái)區(qū)一模Can we sit at the table by the window?I'm sorry, but it _ (take) already. 典例152015·四川德陽(yáng)二診Excuse me, is the book Gone With the Wind by Margaret Mitchell available now?Sorry, but it _ (se

35、ll) so well that we don't have any in store.Practice1. My mother _(play) the piano every Sunday.2. Our math teacher _ (grade) our schoolwork now.3. By the end of last year, we _(produce)20,000 cars.4. My brother _(go) to London last summer.5. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _(leave) office soon.6.In the past ten years, China _(witness) great changes.7. A new teacher _ (come) tomorrow.8. We _(have) a math class at this time yesterday. Practice1. (2014·北京卷)Hi, let's go skating. Sorry, I'm busy now. I _(fill) in an application form for a new job. 2. (201