2015年中考語法專題復習------過去完成時

1、過過 去去 完完 成成 時時-The Past Perfect Tense過去完成時：過去完成時： (The Past Perfect Tense)1 定義定義：表示在過去某一時間表示在過去某一時間 或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作，它表示動作發(fā)生的時間或完成了的動作，它表示動作發(fā)生的時間是是“過去的過去過去的過去”，因此這個時態(tài)一定要，因此這個時態(tài)一定要有一個過去的時間或過去的動作。有一個過去的時間或過去的動作。2 結構：助動詞助動詞had（用于各種人稱和數(shù)）（用于各種人稱和數(shù)）+過去分詞過去分詞l過去完成時過去完成時l1.構成：構成：l肯定句肯定句 (had + 動詞過去

2、分詞動詞過去分詞)：By the end of last month we had/ wed studied four units.l否定句否定句 (hadnt + 動詞過去分詞動詞過去分詞)：Before 1988, I had not/ hadnt heard of him.l一般疑問句一般疑問句: -Had you left when he arrived?l -Yes, I had./ No, I hadnt.l特殊疑問句特殊疑問句：Why had she done a lot of training before she sailed?l2.用法：用法：描述描述在過去某一時間以前完成

3、的動作在過去某一時間以前完成的動作或事件或事件。如。如：lOne of the men couldnt move because he had broken his leg.ll (過去的過去過去的過去) （過去）（過去） （現(xiàn)在）（現(xiàn)在）lMan broke leg. Man could not move. Now I am reporting it.l注意：注意：1.并不是過去完成的動作就用過去完成并不是過去完成的動作就用過去完成時。它是一個時。它是一個相對的相對的時態(tài)，時態(tài)，強調(diào)在強調(diào)在過去某一時過去某一時間點或動作之前間點或動作之前發(fā)生的動作發(fā)生的動作。如。如只說明過去完只說明過去完成

4、了某動作，應用一般過去時成了某動作，應用一般過去時，如，如說明對現(xiàn)在說明對現(xiàn)在而言，已經(jīng)完成的動作，用現(xiàn)在完成時而言，已經(jīng)完成的動作，用現(xiàn)在完成時.比較比較:lHe has seen the film. (對對現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在而言而言)lHe had seen the film before he came here. (對對過去的動作過去的動作came而言而言)lHe saw the film in 1998. (過去某一確定的時過去某一確定的時間發(fā)生的動作間發(fā)生的動作)l3. 過去某一時間點可以用過去某一時間點可以用by, by the end of, before,等時間短語表示等時間短語表示,

5、l如：如：They had made 10,000 TV sets by the end of last month.l也可以用主句或從句中的另一個動詞過去時表也可以用主句或從句中的另一個動詞過去時表示示。如果主句和從句的動作都發(fā)生在過去，先。如果主句和從句的動作都發(fā)生在過去，先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的用一般過去時。發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的用一般過去時。lBefore he visited Polly, he had called her. (call 在在 visit 之前之前)lAfter she had trained hard, she left on the trip. (t

6、rain 在在 leave 之前之前)lShe did a lot of training because she had never sailed. (never sail在在do training 之前之前)l I thanked Mr.Smith who had given me so much help. (give 在在 thank 之前之前)lThe boy said that he had never done such a bad thing. (never do 在在 say 之前之前) 3 兩種情況：兩種情況：(1)用于賓語從句，賓語從句中主用于賓語從句，賓語從句中主句是句

7、是過去時過去時，從句必須用，從句必須用過去的過去的某一種時態(tài)某一種時態(tài)，如果從句是現(xiàn)在完，如果從句是現(xiàn)在完成時，這時要變成過去完成時。成時，這時要變成過去完成時。eg:He says he has never seen such an exciting match. He said he had never seen such an exciting match before. (2)過去的過去（定義）過去的過去（定義） a.句子中有過去的時間句子中有過去的時間 before + 過去的時間點過去的時間點 eg:I had finished my homework before 9 ocloc

8、k yesterday evening. by + 過去的時間點過去的時間點 eg:I had learned 1,000 words by the end of 2004.l b.句子中有過去的動作（通常用時間句子中有過去的動作（通常用時間狀語從句狀語從句來表達，由來表達，由when,before,by the time 引導）引導）eg:1 When I got to there, the bus had already gone. 2 Before I met her, I had heard a lot about her. 3 By the time we got to the sh

9、op , it had already been closed.注意事項：注意事項：l一、主語過去完成時一、主語過去完成時lwhenwhen引導的從句引導的從句( (注：從句謂語動詞為注：從句謂語動詞為過去式過去式) ) lbyby短語短語lby the timeby the time引導的從句引導的從句( (注：從句謂語注：從句謂語動詞為動詞為過去式過去式) ) lbeforebefore引導的從句引導的從句( (注：從句謂語動詞注：從句謂語動詞為為過去式過去式) ) 1 1、1. 1. Tom was frustrated that most of the friends Tom was

10、frustrated that most of the friends _ when he _ at the party. _ when he _ at the party. A. leftA. left；had arrived B. lefthad arrived B. left；arrivedarrivedC. had leftC. had left；had arrived D. had lefthad arrived D. had left；arrived arrived 2 2、We _ four thousand new words by the We _ four thousand

11、 new words by the end of last year. end of last year. A. had learned B. have learned A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learned C. learned D. will have learned 1.He told me that he (hear)of the door before I left.2.I really forgot if I (lock)the door before I left.3.By the time we got to the station,thetrain (