閱讀理解猜詞技巧

1、做“閱讀理解”題的猜詞技巧平時(shí),同學(xué)們?cè)谧觥伴喿x理解”題時(shí),經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到一些生詞這時(shí),許多同學(xué)會(huì)立即翻閱詞典,查找生詞的詞義其實(shí)這種做法不但費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力,而且會(huì)影響閱讀速度,也不利于對(duì)文章的整體理解,何況在正式考試時(shí)也不準(zhǔn)帶詞典事實(shí)上,閱讀材料中的每個(gè)詞與它前后的詞語(yǔ)或句子甚至段落有著互相制約的關(guān)系因此,我們首先可以利用語(yǔ)境(各種已知信息)來(lái)推測(cè)判斷某些生詞的詞義;還可以利用構(gòu)詞法的知識(shí)日常生活知識(shí)來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義 一 根據(jù)釋義猜測(cè)詞義 在有些文章中,某些生詞的詞義往往會(huì)在下文中得到解釋或說(shuō)明這些解釋有時(shí)以定義定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)的形式出現(xiàn);有時(shí)用破折號(hào)括號(hào)冒號(hào)引號(hào)等符號(hào)引出或圈定的內(nèi)容表示出來(lái);有時(shí)還用tha

2、t is, or, that is to say, in other words等詞語(yǔ)引出例如: 1. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由句意可知, anthropology就是“研究人類的科學(xué)” 2. A bookmark is something put between the pages of a book to mark the place. 假定bookmark是生詞,根據(jù)下文所提供的解釋,可猜出它的詞義是“書簽” 3. He takes a special interest in botany which concerns

3、the study of plants. 根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的“which concerns the study of plants”, 我們可以知道botany應(yīng)該是“植物學(xué)”之意 4. The new edifice, a twenty-four-storey building, was completed last month. 其中edifice可能是生詞,但它的同位語(yǔ)a twenty-four-storey building告訴我們, edifice的詞義是“建筑物” 5. Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is

4、one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits. 根據(jù)同位語(yǔ)我們很容易猜出生詞capacitance的詞義是“電容量” 6. The doctor was on the night-shiftfrom midnight to 8 oclock. 句中night-shift的意思可以從破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容猜出,它的詞義應(yīng)該是“夜班” 7. They are vertebrates, that is, animals that have backbones. 這里vertebrates的意思可以由that is后面的內(nèi)容猜測(cè)出

5、來(lái),意為“脊椎動(dòng)物” 二 通過(guò)下文所舉的例子猜測(cè)詞義 在有些文章中,下文所舉的例子也可以給讀者提供猜測(cè)上文生詞詞義的重要線索例如: Generally, we like to read periodicals, such as Time Magazine, Newsweek, Readers Digest, etc. 根據(jù)句子后面所給出的例子,我們可以推斷出periodical的意思是“期刊” 三 根據(jù)詞語(yǔ)之間的對(duì)等關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 The hot tropical weather created a feeling of lassitude and encouraged laziness. 這個(gè)

6、句子中的and連接created a feeling of lassitude和encouraged laziness兩個(gè)并列成分 Created與encouraged相對(duì)應(yīng),而lassitude與laziness相對(duì)應(yīng),由此我們可以猜測(cè)出lassitude大概是“困乏”“無(wú)力”“無(wú)精打采”等意思 四 根據(jù)對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”. 此句前后對(duì)比分明,前句表示肯定,后句表示否定,由此我們可以推斷出dissent與agree的意思相反,意為“不同意”“不贊成”又如: Mr Green alway

7、s is punctual for everything, but for some reason he was late for an important meeting last week. 我們可以根據(jù)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but后面的內(nèi)容“he was late”知道, punctual的意思與其相反,那么punctual就是“守時(shí)的”“準(zhǔn)時(shí)的”的意思 因此,同學(xué)們?cè)陂喿x時(shí),要注意常見(jiàn)的表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的詞語(yǔ),如but, however, though, otherwise, neverthess, on the other hand等 五 根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 Mary didnt notice

8、 me when I came into the classroom, because she was completely engrossed in his reading. 主句的意思是“當(dāng)我走進(jìn)教室的時(shí)候,瑪麗沒(méi)有注意到我”據(jù)此,我們可以推斷從句中的engross可能是“使全神貫注”“吸引”的意思又如: There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd. 此句中that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)主句的描述“許多示威者”,我們便可推知elbow的

9、詞義為“擠”“擠過(guò)” 其它常見(jiàn)的表示因果關(guān)系的詞有because, since, as, so, so . That ., such . That . 等 六 根據(jù)同義詞的替代關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 在句子或段落中,我們可以利用已知的詞語(yǔ),推斷出生詞的詞義 例如: Although he often had the opportunity, Mr Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to b

10、e detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 句中detrimental是個(gè)生詞,但由harmful我們不難推斷出其詞義為“使危險(xiǎn)的”“有害的” 七 根據(jù)詞綴猜測(cè)詞義 As you are receiving my note by E-mail, its wise to remember how easily this wonderful technology can be misused, sometimes unintentionally, with serious consequences. 此句中

11、, misuse是在詞根use前面加上前綴mis-而構(gòu)成的, mis-表示“誤”“錯(cuò)”的意思,從而可以判斷misuse意為“錯(cuò)用”“誤用”; unintentionally是由intentionintentionalintentionallyunintionally逐步派生而成的,從而不難推測(cè)出它的意思為“不是有意地” 根據(jù)詞綴猜測(cè)詞義又可以分為以下兩種情況: 1. 根據(jù)前綴猜測(cè)詞義 以u(píng)nforeseeable一詞為例,其中的詞根為see, 前綴fore-的含義是“早先”“預(yù)先”的意思,前綴un-是“不”的意思,由此可以猜知,該詞的詞義為“未能預(yù)見(jiàn)的” 2. 根據(jù)后綴猜測(cè)詞義 Insecti

12、cide is applied where it is needed. 后綴-cide表示“殺者”“殺滅劑”的意思,結(jié)合大家所熟悉的詞根insect(昆蟲),不難猜出insecticide意為“殺蟲劑”又如:Then the vapor may change into droplets. 后綴-let表示“小的”意思,詞根drop指“滴”“滴狀物”在詞根drop后面加上后綴-let之后, droplet意為“小滴”“微滴” 八 根據(jù)復(fù)合詞的各個(gè)組成部分的意思猜測(cè)詞義 有一部分復(fù)合詞的詞義可以通過(guò)它們的構(gòu)成成分的意思來(lái)猜測(cè)出該復(fù)合詞的意思例如: Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output. 該句中的hightlight可能是一個(gè)生詞,但是分析該詞的構(gòu)成成分后,就能推測(cè)出其含義它是由表示“高的”“強(qiáng)的”high和“光線”light兩部分組成的,復(fù)合詞hightlight表示“以強(qiáng)光照射”“使突出”的意思 Bullfigh