復(fù)合句定語從句

1、復(fù)合句定語從句isabeautifulgirl.形容詞作定語叫做定語從句Maryisagirlwhohas10nghair.句子作定語，修飾girl,關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞when,why,wherewho,what,that,whom,whose在復(fù)合句中作定語，修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句，叫做定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。定語從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主句（包括先行詞）+關(guān)系詞+定語從句。其中對(duì)關(guān)系詞的考查是中考重要的考點(diǎn)。關(guān)系詞作用：1 .代替先行詞；2 .它還在定語從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分；3 .同時(shí)連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句。（把主句和從句連起來）關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，

2、所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。關(guān)系詞判斷步驟首先，要看先行詞。如果先行詞是指人，關(guān)系代詞可用who,that,whom,whose。如果先行詞指物，關(guān)系代詞可用which或that;然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請(qǐng)看下表最后，定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞和先行詞一致.注:定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制。Thewomanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingyesterdayismymother.定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)詞充當(dāng)成分先行詞關(guān)系代詞that主語、賓語人、物who主語、賓語人whom賓語人which主語、賓語物whose定語（后須

3、接名詞）人、物關(guān)系副詞when狀語時(shí)間where地點(diǎn)why原因 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞which,that,whom在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，也可以省略。 在一般情況下，關(guān)系代詞that和which(指物)或who(指人)可以互換，但在下列幾種情況下，常只用that: 當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)；當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)； 當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,theonly等修飾時(shí)；當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。 當(dāng)主句已有疑問詞who或which時(shí)，用that。1 .Thisisthemostinterestingstory()Ihaveeverheard.2 .Hereissomething()Iwilltelly

4、ou.3.1 canrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures()Isee.4.15 ittheoneyouwant5. Whoisthewomanwaspraisedatthemeetingthat和who不能緊跟在介詞后作介詞賓語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞whom,which置于介詞后(但如果介詞不前置仍放于句尾，則可用that作引導(dǎo)詞，而且可以省略。)如：正Thisistheroom(that/which)theoldmanlivesin.正Thisistheroominwhichtheoldmanlives誤Thisistheroominthattheoldman

5、liveswhich在定語從句中作介詞賓語，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將whom與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：Thatwasthemanaboutwhomtheyweretalking.【策略指導(dǎo)】解決有關(guān)定語從句的題目時(shí)，首先要根據(jù)先行詞確定好關(guān)系詞，同時(shí)要記住一些特殊情況，這樣才能做到萬無一失。定語從句的用法：1 .當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí)，用which或that引導(dǎo).Thesearethetreeswereplantedlastyear.which指物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略，如介詞提前則不能省)Isthisthelibrary(whi

6、ch/that)youborrowbooksfromIsthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks2 .當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí),用who,whom,that引導(dǎo).Themanisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.()Theboywho/thatsitsinfrontofmeisTom.()Theman(whom/who/that)everyonelikesiskind.(賓語)who,whom,whose,that用法區(qū)另.I.who作定語從句的主語或賓語.作定語從句的賓語，在口語和非正式文體中常用who代替，可以省略.Thewoman（who

7、m/who/that）theywantedtovisitisateacher.whom指人，作賓語（作賓語可省略，如介詞提前則不能省）Theman（whom/who/that）ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.是代詞的所有格形式，它既可以代人也可以代物。Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.【真題再現(xiàn)】1. HeistheonlystudentplaystabletennisbetterthanJim.A.whyB.whereC.thatD.which解析：題干是一個(gè)含定語從句白復(fù)合句，先行詞theonlyst

8、udent是人，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語，關(guān)系代詞that可指代人。why和where是可引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞，why表原因，先行詞往往是表示原因的名詞（reason等），when表時(shí)間，先行詞往往是表示時(shí)間的名詞（time,day,hour,year等）。2. ThisisthedictionaryMumgavemeformybirthday.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom解析：該定語從句中的先行詞thedictionary是物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，關(guān)系代詞which可指代物。關(guān)系代詞whose可指代人（的），也可指代物（的），但在從句中常作定語；關(guān)系代詞whom一般

9、都指代人，在從句中常作賓語。而what不引導(dǎo)定語從句。3. Thisisthequestionwearetalkingaboutnow.A.thatB.whoC.whereD.when解析：在這里先行詞是thequestion,指物，關(guān)系代詞that可以指代物，而其他選項(xiàng)不可指代物。4. Jack,thereissomeoneintheofficewouldliketospeakwithyou.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when解析：在這里先行詞是someone,指人，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語。關(guān)系代詞who和whom都可指代人，但whom在從句中充當(dāng)賓語。而關(guān)系代詞which一般

10、指代物。5. WeknowJackieChanmoviesareverypopularwiththeyoung.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which解析：該句中先行詞是JackieChan,關(guān)系代詞在從句中作定語，選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)符合題意?！粳F(xiàn)場練兵】用關(guān)系代詞填空2 .Theboyisplayingping-pongismyclassmate.3 .Thee-mailIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.4 .Ihatepeopletalkmuchbutdolittle.5 .Thecarmyfatherboughtlastmonthisverybe

11、autiful.6 .Themanhairiswhiteishisgrandfather.7 .Isthereastudentfatherisabusinessman8 .Thisisthehouseinwehavelivedfor10years.9.I'veneverheardofthepeopleandthingsyoutalkedaboutjustnow.10.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthingstheycouldntremember.11.Sayallyouknow.12.IsthereanythingI

12、candoforyou單項(xiàng)選擇()1.TherearemanyvolunteersarehelpingthechildreninSichuan.Andmostofthemarecollegestudents.A.whichB.whenC.whoseD.who()2.WhoisthewomanwastalkingtoourEnglishteacherOh!It'sMrs.Baker,ournewmathteacher.A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.Which()placeinterestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.w

13、hereC.whatD.inwhich()youknowthemanA.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke()isthehotellastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed()factorywe'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.WhichD.inwhich()talkedalotaboutthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what()letterisfrommysister,isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.Who()9.Thedinne