第二章句子類型

1、返回 返回 She is not at all happy working thereNot a single soul was found in that placeHe is not a bit ashamed返回 她在那兒工作一點也不開心。那地方連一個人影兒也沒有。他一點也不覺得羞恥。He feels not the least bit sorry for his misconduct 他對自己的錯誤行為毫無歉意。I cant possibly allow you to do that我無論如何也不許你干那種事。He is absolutely not sorry for his mis

2、behavior. 他對自己的不正當(dāng)行為毫無悔改之意。 There will be no difficulty whatsoeverThat watch has no earthly use for me.返回 將不會有任何困難。那只表對我完全沒有用處。 返回 返回 A: Ive broken the vase. 我把花瓶打碎了。B: Oh, you have, have you?哦，你把花瓶打碎了，是嗎？ A: Youd better not come. You cant swim so far.你最好不要來，你游不了那么遠。B: So I cant swim so far, cant I?

3、 噢，我游不遠，是嗎？A: You work here, dont you?B: Yes, I do.A: This isnt a very fast train, is it?B: No, it isnt.返回 Everyone is having a good time，arent they？人人都玩得開心，不是嗎？Nobody can do anything about it，can they？沒有人能幫得上忙，是嗎？I suppose you know the meaning of the word，dont you？我想你懂得這個詞的意義，不是嗎？I dont think that

4、she will go with him，will she？我認(rèn)為她不會和他一道去，是嗎？3.如果陳述部分帶有 seldom，hardly， rarely, scarcely, never, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定詞或半否定詞時，附加疑問部分用肯定形式：Few people have agreed to this idea，have they？幾乎沒有人同意這個意見，是嗎？Bob rarely got drunk，did he？鮑勃很少喝醉，是嗎？4.但若陳述部分帶有由un-，im-，dis-等否定前綴構(gòu)成的派生詞，該陳述部分仍作肯定句處理，附加疑問部

5、分用否定形式：Thats absolutely impossible，isnt it？那是絕對不可能的，不是嗎？He was unsuccessful，wasnt he？他失敗了，不是嗎？5.如果陳述部分為“I am補語”結(jié)構(gòu)，附加疑問部分通常用arent I，而不用am I not：6.在祈使句后加附加問句，表達說話者的期望或堅決要求 聽話者的同意： Im late，arent I？我遲到了，是嗎？Turn down the radio, wont you / will you? Dont turn down the radio, will you? Lets talk to the dir

6、ector, shall we? Lets not talk to the director, 7. 表示猜測意義的情態(tài)助動詞，在下列情況下，附加疑問句表示猜測意義的情態(tài)助動詞，在下列情況下，附加疑問句 用兩種形式都可以：用兩種形式都可以：You could have heard the news last night, couldnt you? didnt you?They should have arrived there by now, shouldnt they? havent they? 當(dāng)當(dāng)”may”用于猜測意義時，附加部分用用于猜測意義時，附加部分用”cant”.That may

7、 be your lost car, cant it? Note:當(dāng)陳述部分含有當(dāng)陳述部分含有 “must” 時時, 要注意要注意 must 的含義。的含義。lmust表示表示“必須、禁止必須、禁止“時，反意疑問部分要時，反意疑問部分要用用must (mustnt) 。 e.g. He must work hard at physics, mustnt he?lmust表示表示“有必要有必要”時，反意疑問句部分要用時，反意疑問句部分要用neednt。 e.g. You must renew the book, neednt you?l表示推測表示推測 一定是一定是, 必定是必定是時時, 反意疑

8、問句附加反意疑問句附加部分有下列情況部分有下列情況:一、對現(xiàn)在情況的推測，問句部分用主動詞一、對現(xiàn)在情況的推測，問句部分用主動詞（do, be)一般現(xiàn)在時的適當(dāng)形式。若是現(xiàn)在進一般現(xiàn)在時的適當(dāng)形式。若是現(xiàn)在進行體，問句部分用現(xiàn)在進行體的適當(dāng)形式表行體，問句部分用現(xiàn)在進行體的適當(dāng)形式表示。若是示。若是there be結(jié)構(gòu)，問句用結(jié)構(gòu)，問句用isnt/arent there。如：如： 1)He must be there, isnt he? 2)He must have a big family, doesnt he? 3)He must be waiting outside, isnt he?

9、4)There must be some students in the room, arent there? 二、二、 用用“must have done”對已發(fā)生的過去情況對已發(fā)生的過去情況的推測，如強調(diào)對過去情況的推測（一般句中的推測，如強調(diào)對過去情況的推測（一般句中有表示過去的時間狀語），反意疑問句部分要有表示過去的時間狀語），反意疑問句部分要用用“didnt + 主語主語”；如果強調(diào)動作的完成；如果強調(diào)動作的完成（一般沒有過去時間狀語），反意疑問句部分（一般沒有過去時間狀語），反意疑問句部分要用要用“havent / hasnt + 主語主語”。三、若是被動，應(yīng)按被動結(jié)構(gòu)來處理。如：

10、三、若是被動，應(yīng)按被動結(jié)構(gòu)來處理。如：四、若句中有表示過去完成時的時間狀語，問句部分四、若句中有表示過去完成時的時間狀語，問句部分應(yīng)用應(yīng)用hadnt.如如: 8.前面陳述句中動詞是have時有這樣一個問題：究竟用時有這樣一個問題：究竟用 dont 還是還是havent?這要取決于這要取決于have在具體語境中所在具體語境中所 表達的意思，因為表達的意思，因為have的詞義有很多：的詞義有很多：當(dāng)當(dāng)have作助動詞時，附加問句中用作助動詞時，附加問句中用havent: You have already heard the news, havent you?作半助動詞作半助動詞have to時，與

11、時，與dont相匹配：相匹配：They have to live on their own, dont they? have作實義動詞時，后面與作實義動詞時，后面與dont匹配：匹配： You have a lot of friends, dont you? We all had a wonderful time at the party ,didnt we?She has coffee with sugar, doesnt she? You had your hair cut yesterday, didnt you?1.Youd rather watch TV this evening,

12、_? a. isnt it b. hadnt you c. wouldnt you d. wont you2. I suppose youre not going today, _? a. are you b. do you c. dont you d. arent you 3. I wish to shake hands with you, _? a. shall b. may I c. do I d. will I 4. Three hours ought to be enough time, _? a. oughtnt three hours b. didnt they c. shoul

13、dnt it d. shouldnt three hours 5. They have to study a lot, _? a. dont they b. havent they c. did they d. hadnt they c.a.b.c.a.6. When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, _ ? a. didnt he b. did he c. did it d. didnt it 7. Im sure dirty, _? a. am I b. isnt I c. arent I d. am not I 8. Yo

14、u seem to be dissatisfied with your present post. I dont think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for it, _ you? a. do b. did c. dont d. didnt 9. Thats the sort of the book you want, _? a. is it d. isnt that c. is that d. isnt it 10. All these dictionaries are a great help to you,

15、_? a. are they b. arent they c. are all these dictionaries d. arent all these dictionaries a.c.b.d.b.11. The movie that we saw last week was quite interesting, _? a. wasnt it b. was it c. didnt we d. werent we 12. Tom has been writing letters all afternoon, but he should have finished them by now, _

16、? a. hasnt he b. has he c. shouldnt he d. didnt you 13. David told me that you would take a trip to America, _? a. would you b. wouldnt you c. did you d. didnt you 14. There appeared to be no better way, _? a. was there b. were there c. did there d. didnt there 15. You had some trouble finding where

17、 I live, _? a. didnt you b. hadnt you c. do I d. dont I a.c.b.d.a.16. He has his hair cut every month, _? a. has he b. hasnt he c. does he d. doesnt he 17. Your friend needs to come earlier, _? a. does he b. doesnt he c. need he d. neednt he 18. The little boy dare not go to church, _? a. dare he b.

18、 darent he c. does he d. doesnt he 19. Susan would have worked abroad if shed had the chance, _? a. has she b. hadnt she c. would she d. wouldnt she 20. Everyones having a good time, _? a. is he b. isnt everyone c. does he d. arent they d.b.a.d.d.返回 一、 由what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：what意為多么用作定語，修飾名詞（被強調(diào)部分），單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前要加不

19、定冠詞a/an,復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主語+謂語+(it is). What a clever girl she is! 多么聰明的姑娘呀！ What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ What good children they are! 他們是多么好的孩子呀！ What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀！ What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀！ What heavy snow it is! 多么大的

20、雪呀！ 二、由how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：how意為多么，用作狀語，修飾形容詞或副詞（被強調(diào)部分）。如果修飾形容詞，則句中的謂語動詞用系動詞；如果how修飾副詞，則句中的謂語動詞用行為動詞，這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是： How+adj.（adv.）+主語+謂語+(it is). How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的圖畫呀！ How happy they look! 他們顯得多么高興呀！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ How hard they are working now! 他們干得多么起勁呀

21、！ 三、在表示同一意義時，英語感嘆既可用what引導(dǎo)，也可用how引導(dǎo)。如： What a hot day it is! How hot the day is ! 多么熱的天氣呀！ What tall buildings they are! How tall the buildings are! 多么高的樓房呀！ What bad weather it is! How bad the weather is! 多么糟糕的天氣呀！ What bright sunshine it is! How bright the sunshine is! 多么明亮的陽光呀！ 四、感嘆句在表示激動強烈的感情時，口

22、語中常常采用省略句，其后面的主語和謂語往往略去不講。 What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！ What an honest boy! 多么誠實的孩子呀！ What red apples! 多么紅的蘋果呀！ How cool! 好涼快呀！ How wonderful! 精彩極了！2. Explain the conditions in which we need to use non-assertive words in positive statements and assertive words in questions. 1)Non-assertive words in pos

23、itive statements are used in the following conditions: a) after words that have negative import: They refused to stay here any longer. b) If clause: If anyone calls me, it must be John. c) Putative should-clause: Its odd that he should say anything like that. d) Comparative clauses: Hes better than

24、anyone else in his class. 2) Assertive words in questions are used in the following conditions: usually questions are non-assertive, but they can be assertive when a positive answer is expected. E.g. Is there any / some news for you? 3. How do we determine the scope of negation? The scope that a neg

25、ative word governs varies from sentence to sentence. It may cover a whole sentence or part of a sentence. One of the most helpful clues for determining the scope of negation is found in intonation, which is a special feature of spoken English. Written English, however, suffers from more indeterminat

26、e cases and so we often have to refer to context for interpretation. 4.What are the verbs which transferred negation often occurs with? What is their shared semantic feature? The verbs which transferred negation often occurs with are think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect and so on. Their shared s

27、emantic feature is that all these verbs express “opinion”. 5. Apart from querying the truth of a statement, what other potential functions can a YES-NO questions perform? The following are the other potential functions which a Yes-No question can perform except for querying the truth of a statement:

28、 Yes-No questions with negative words do not, however, necessarily entail negative answers, as when we hear “Wont you come in?”actually, it is more like directives that are normally performed by imperatives. This means Yes-No questions sometimes can perform the functions of imperatives. Another pote

29、ntial function is that of exclamations. As when we hear: “isnt it lovely?” or “Arent you silly?” They are more of exclamations than of questions in the true sense and, therefore, are usually spoken with a final falling tone. 6. What is the primary function of a WH-question? The primary function of a

30、 WH-questions has two 1) they require some specific information in the reply. They do not query the truth of the statement as a yes-no question does. 2) they ask for details about a part of it. 7. What are the two major types of alternative questions? The two major types of alternative questions are: one is formed on the basis of Yes-No questions; the other on the basis of WH-questions. 8. Explain the difference between a tag question with a final rising tone and one with a final falling tone. The difference i