《C語言程序設計》課后習習題答案()譚浩強

1、第1章程序設計和C語言1什么是計算機程序1什么是計算機語言1語言的發(fā)展及其特點3最簡單的C語言程序5最簡單的C語言程序舉例6語言程序的結構10運行C程序的步驟與方法12程序設計的任務141-5 #include <>int main ( ) printf ("*nn");printf(" Very Good!nn");printf ("*n");return 0;1-6#include <>int main()int a,b,c,max;printf("please input a,b,c:n&quo

2、t;);scanf("%d,%d,%d",&a,&b,&c);max=a;if (max<b)max=b;if (max<c)max=c;printf("The largest number is %dn",max);return 0;第2章算法程序的靈魂16什么是算法16簡單的算法舉例17算法的特性21怎樣表示一個算法22用自然語言表示算法22用流程圖表示算法22三種基本結構和改進的流程圖26用NS流程圖表示算法28用偽代碼表示算法31用計算機語言表示算法32結構化程序設計方法34習題36第章最簡單的C程序設計順序程

3、序設計37順序程序設計舉例37數(shù)據(jù)的表現(xiàn)形式及其運算39常量和變量39數(shù)據(jù)類型42整型數(shù)據(jù)44字符型數(shù)據(jù)47浮點型數(shù)據(jù)49怎樣確定常量的類型51運算符和表達式52語句57語句的作用和分類57最基本的語句賦值語句59數(shù)據(jù)的輸入輸出65輸入輸出舉例65有關數(shù)據(jù)輸入輸出的概念67用printf函數(shù)輸出數(shù)據(jù)68用scanf函數(shù)輸入數(shù)據(jù)75字符數(shù)據(jù)的輸入輸出78習題823-1 #include <>#include <>int main()float p,r,n;r=;n=10;p=pow(1+r,n);printf("p=%fn",p);return 0;3

4、-2-1#include <>#include <>int main()float r5,r3,r2,r1,r0,p,p1,p2,p3,p4,p5;p=1000;r5=;r3=;r2=;r1=;r0=;p1=p*(1+r5)*5); #include <>#include <>int main()float d=300000,p=6000,r=,m;m=log10(p/(p-d*r)/log10(1+r);printf("m=%n",m);return 0;3-4#include <>int main()int c

5、1,c2;c1=197;c2=198;printf("c1=%c,c2=%cn",c1,c2);printf("c1=%d，c2=%dn",c1,c2);return 0;3-5#include <>int main()int a,b;float x,y;char c1,c2;scanf("a=%d b=%d",&a,&b);scanf("%f %e",&x,&y);scanf("%c%c",&c1,&c2);printf("

6、a=%d,b=%d,x=%f,y=%f,c1=%c,c2=%cn",a,b,x,y,c1,c2);return 0;3-6#include <>int main()char c1='C',c2='h',c3='i',c4='n',c5='a'c1=c1+4;c2=c2+4;c3=c3+4;c4=c4+4;c5=c5+4;printf("passwor is %c%c%c%c%cn",c1,c2,c3,c4,c5);return 0;3-7#include <>i

7、nt main ()float h,r,l,s,sq,vq,vz;float pi=;printf("請輸入圓半徑r，圓柱高h");scanf("%f,%f",&r,&h); #include <>int main() int x,y;printf("輸入x:");scanf("%d",&x);if(x<1) /* x<1 */ y=x;printf("x=%3d, y=x=%dn" ,x,y);else if(x<10) /* 1=<

8、x<10 */ y=2*x-1;printf("x=%d, y=2*x-1=%dn",x,y);else /* x>=10 */ y=3*x-11;printf("x=%d, y=3*x-11=%dn",x,y);return 0;4-7-1#include <>int main()int x,y;printf("enter x:");scanf("%d",&x);y=-1;if(x!=0)if(x>0)y=1;elsey=0;printf("x=%d,y=%dn&q

9、uot;,x,y);return 0;4-7-2#include <>int main()int x,y;printf("please enter x:");scanf("%d",&x);y=0;if(x>=0)if(x>0) y=1;else y=-1;printf("x=%d,y=%dn",x,y);return 0;4-8#include <>int main() float score;char grade;printf("請輸入學生成績:");scanf(&qu

10、ot;%f",&score);while (score>100|score<0)printf("n 輸入有誤,請重輸");scanf("%f",&score);switch(int)(score/10)case 10:case 9: grade='A'break;case 8: grade='B'break;case 7: grade='C'break;case 6: grade='D'break;case 5:case 4:case 3:case 2:

11、case 1:case 0: grade='E'printf("成績是 %,相應的等級是%cn ",score,grade);return 0;4-9#include <>#include <>int main()int num,indiv,ten,hundred,thousand,ten_thousand,place;位,萬位和位數(shù)printf("請輸入一個整數(shù)(0-99999):");scanf("%d",&num);if (num>9999)place=5;else if (

12、num>999)place=4;else if (num>99) .=%dn",sn);return 0;5-6#include <>int main()double s=0,t=1;int n;for (n=1;n<=20;n+)t=t*n;s=s+t;printf("1!+2!+.+20!=%n",s);return 0;5-7#include <>int main()int n1=100,n2=50,n3=10;double k,s1=0,s2=0,s3=0;for (k=1;k<=n1;k+) /*計算1到1

13、00的和*/s1=s1+k;for (k=1;k<=n2;k+) /*計算1到50各數(shù)的平方和*/s2=s2+k*k;for (k=1;k<=n3;k+) /*計算1到10的各倒數(shù)和*/s3=s3+1/k;printf("sum=%n",s1+s2+s3);return 0;5-8#include <>int main()int i,j,k,n;printf("parcissus numbers are ");for (n=100;n<1000;n+)i=n/100;j=n/10-i*10;k=n%10;if (n=i*i*

14、i + j*j*j + k*k*k)printf("%d ",n);printf("n");return 0;5-9-1#define M 1000 /*定義尋找范圍*/#include <>int main()int k1,k2,k3,k4,k5,k6,k7,k8,k9,k10;int i,a,n,s;for (a=2;a<=M;a+) /* a是2-1000之間的整數(shù)，檢查它是否完數(shù) */n=0; /* n用來累計a的因子的個數(shù) */s=a; /* s用來存放尚未求出的因子之和，開始時等于a */ for (i=1;i<a;i

15、+) /* 檢查i是否a的因子 */if (a%i=0) /* 如果i是a的因子 */n+; /* n加1，表示新找到一個因子 */s=s-i; /* s減去已找到的因子，s的新值是尚未求出的因子之和 */ switch(n) /* 將找到的因子賦給k1.k9，或k10 */case 1:k1=i; break; /* 找出的笫1個因子賦給k1 */case 2:k2=i; break; /* 找出的笫2個因子賦給k2 */case 3:k3=i; break; /* 找出的笫3個因子賦給k3 */case 4:k4=i; break; /* 找出的笫4個因子賦給k4 */case 5:k5=

16、i; break; /* 找出的笫5個因子賦給k5 */case 6:k6=i; break; /* 找出的笫6個因子賦給k6 */case 7:k7=i; break; /* 找出的笫7個因子賦給k7 */case 8:k8=i; break; /* 找出的笫8個因子賦給k8 */case 9:k9=i; break; /*找出的笫9個因子賦給k9 */case 10:k10=i; break; /* 找出的笫10個因子賦給k10 */if (s=0)printf("%d ,Its factors are ",a);if (n>1) printf("%d,

17、%d",k1,k2); /* n>1表示a至少有2個因子 */if (n>2) printf(",%d",k3); /* n>2表示至少有3個因子，故應再輸出一個因子 */if (n>3) printf(",%d",k4); /* n>3表示至少有4個因子，故應再輸出一個因子 */if (n>4) printf(",%d",k5); /* 以下類似 */if (n>5) printf(",%d",k6);if (n>6) printf(",%d&q

18、uot;,k7);if (n>7) printf(",%d",k8);if (n>8) printf(",%d",k9);if (n>9) printf(",%d",k10);printf("n");return 0;5-9-2#include <>int main()int m,s,i;for (m=2;m<1000;m+)s=0;for (i=1;i<m;i+)if (m%i)=0) s=s+i;if(s=m)printf("%d,its factors ar

19、e ",m);for (i=1;i<m;i+)if (m%i=0) printf("%d ",i);printf("n");return 0;5-10#include <>int main()int i,n=20;double a=2,b=1,s=0,t;for (i=1;i<=n;i+)s=s+a/b;t=a,a=a+b,b=t;printf("sum=%n",s);return 0;5-11#include <>int main()double sn=100,hn=sn/2;int n

20、;for (n=2;n<=10;n+)sn=sn+2*hn; /*第n次落地時共經(jīng)過的米數(shù)*/hn=hn/2; /*第n次反跳高度*/printf("第10次落地時共經(jīng)過%f米n",sn);printf("第10次反彈%f米n",hn);return 0;5-12#include <>int main()int day,x1,x2;day=9;x2=1;while(day>0)x1=(x2+1)*2; /*第1天的桃子數(shù)是第2天桃子數(shù)加1后的2倍.*/x2=x1;day-;printf("total=%dn",

21、x1);return 0;5-13#include <>#include <>int main()float a,x0,x1;printf("enter a positive number:");scanf("%f",&a);x0=a/2;x1=(x0+a/x0)/2;dox0=x1;x1=(x0+a/x0)/2;while(fabs(x0-x1)>=1e-5);printf("The square root of % is %n",a,x1);return 0;5-14#include <

22、>#include <>int main()double x1,x0,f,f1;x1=;dox0=x1;f=(2*x0-4)*x0+3)*x0-6;f1=(6*x0-8)*x0+3;x1=x0-f/f1;while(fabs(x1-x0)>=1e-5);printf("The root of equation is %n",x1);return 0;5-15#include <>#include <>int main()float x0,x1,x2,fx0,fx1,fx2;doprintf("enter x1 &am

23、p; x2:");scanf("%f,%f",&x1,&x2);fx1=x1*(2*x1-4)*x1+3)-6;fx2=x2*(2*x2-4)*x2+3)-6;while(fx1*fx2>0);dox0=(x1+x2)/2;fx0=x0*(2*x0-4)*x0+3)-6;if (fx0*fx1)<0)x2=x0;fx2=fx0;elsex1=x0;fx1=fx0;while(fabs (fx0)>=1e-5);printf("x=%n",x0);return 0;5-16#include <>int

24、 main()int i,j,k;for (i=0;i<=3;i+)for (j=0;j<=2-i;j+)printf(" ");for (k=0;k<=2*i;k+)printf("*");printf("n");for (i=0;i<=2;i+)for (j=0;j<=i;j+)printf(" ");for (k=0;k<=4-2*i;k+)printf("*");printf("n");return 0;5-17#include &

25、lt;>int main()char i,j,k; /*是a的對手;j是b的對手;k是c的對手*/for (i='x'i<='z'i+)for (j='x'j<='z'j+)if (i!=j)for (k='x'k<='z'k+)if (i!=k && j!=k)if (i!='x' && k!='x' && k!='z')printf("A-%cnB-%cnC-%cn&

26、quot;,i,j,k);return 0;第6章利用數(shù)組處理批量數(shù)據(jù)142怎樣定義和引用一維數(shù)組142怎樣定義一維數(shù)組143怎樣引用一維數(shù)組元素144一維數(shù)組的初始化145一維數(shù)組程序舉例146怎樣定義和引用二維數(shù)組148怎樣定義二維數(shù)組149怎樣引用二維數(shù)組的元素150二維數(shù)組的初始化151二維數(shù)組程序舉例152字符數(shù)組154怎樣定義字符數(shù)組154字符數(shù)組的初始化155怎樣引用字符數(shù)組中的元素155字符串和字符串結束標志156字符數(shù)組的輸入輸出159使用字符串處理函數(shù)161字符數(shù)組應用舉例165習題1686-1#include <>#include <>int ma

27、in()int i,j,n,a101;for (i=1;i<=100;i+)ai=i;a1=0;for (i=2;i<sqrt(100);i+)for (j=i+1;j<=100;j+)if(ai!=0 && aj!=0)if (aj%ai=0)aj=0;printf("n");for (i=2,n=0;i<=100;i+) if(ai!=0)printf("%5d",ai);n+;if(n=10)printf("n");n=0;printf("n");return 0;6-

28、2#include <>int main()int i,j,min,temp,a11;printf("enter data:n");for (i=1;i<=10;i+)printf("a%d=",i);scanf("%d",&ai);printf("n");printf("The orginal numbers:n");for (i=1;i<=10;i+)printf("%5d",ai);printf("n");for (i

29、=1;i<=9;i+)min=i;for (j=i+1;j<=10;j+)if (amin>aj) min=j;temp=ai;ai=amin;amin=temp;printf("nThe sorted numbers:n");for (i=1;i<=10;i+)printf("%5d",ai);printf("n");return 0;6-3#include <>int main()int a33,sum=0;int i,j;printf("enter data:n");for

30、 (i=0;i<3;i+)for (j=0;j<3;j+)scanf("%3d",&aij);for (i=0;i<3;i+)sum=sum+aii;printf("sum=%6dn",sum);return 0;6-4#include <>int main() int a11=1,4,6,9,13,16,19,28,40,100;int temp1,temp2,number,end,i,j;printf("array a:n");for (i=0;i<10;i+)printf("

31、%5d",ai);printf("n");printf("insert data:");scanf("%d",&number);end=a9;if (number>end)a10=number;elsefor (i=0;i<10;i+)if (ai>number)temp1=ai;ai=number;for (j=i+1;j<11;j+)temp2=aj;aj=temp1;temp1=temp2;break;printf("Now array a:n");for (i=0;

32、i<11;i+)printf("%5d",ai);printf("n");return 0;6-5#include <>#define N 5int main() int aN,i,temp;printf("enter array a:n");for (i=0;i<N;i+)scanf("%d",&ai);printf("array a:n");for (i=0;i<N;i+)printf("%4d",ai);for (i=0;i<

33、N/2;i+) n",number);printf("continu or not(Y/N)");scanf(" %c",&c);if (c='N'|c='n')flag=0;return 0;6-10#include <>int main()int i,j,upp,low,dig,spa,oth;char text380;upp=low=dig=spa=oth=0;for (i=0;i<3;i+) printf("please input line %d:n",i+

34、1);gets(texti);for (j=0;j<80 && textij!='0'j+)if (textij>='A'&& textij<='Z')upp+;else if (textij>='a' && textij<='z') low+;else if (textij>='0' && textij<='9') dig+;else if (textij=' '

35、;)spa+;elseoth+;printf("nupper case: %dn",upp);printf("lower case: %dn",low);printf("digit : %dn",dig);printf("space : %dn",spa);printf("other : %dn",oth);return 0;6-11#include <>int main() char a5='*','*','*','*'

36、;,'*'int i,j,k;char space=' 'for (i=0;i<5;i+) printf("n");printf(" ");for (j=1;j<=i;j+)printf("%c",space);for (k=0;k<5;k+)printf("%c",ak);printf("n");return 0;6-12a-c#include <>int main() int j,n;char ch80,tran80;printf

37、("input cipher code:");gets(ch);printf("ncipher code :%s",ch);j=0;while (chj!='0') if (chj>='A') && (chj<='Z')tranj=155-chj;else if (chj>='a') && (chj<='z')tranj=219-chj;elsetranj=chj;j+;n=j;printf("norigina

38、l text:");for (j=0;j<n;j+)putchar(tranj);printf("n");return 0;6-12b#include <>int main()int j,n;char ch80;printf("input cipher code:n");gets(ch);printf("ncipher code:%sn",ch);j=0;while (chj!='0') if (chj>='A') && (chj<='Z&

39、#39;)chj=155-chj;else if (chj>='a') && (chj<='z')chj=219-chj;elsechj=chj;j+;n=j;printf("original text:");for (j=0;j<n;j+)putchar(chj);printf("n");return 0;6-13#include <>int main() char s180,s240;int i=0,j=0;printf("input string1:"

40、);scanf("%s",s1);printf("input string2:");scanf("%s",s2);while (s1i!='0')i+;while(s2j!='0')s1i+=s2j+;s1i='0'printf("nThe new string is:%sn",s1);return 0;6-14#include <>int main() int i,resu;char s1100,s2100;printf("input stri

41、ng1:");gets(s1);printf("ninput string2:");gets(s2);i=0;while (s1i=s2i) && (s1i!='0')i+;if (s1i='0' && s2i='0')resu=0;elseresu=s1i-s2i;printf("nresult:%d.n",resu);return 0;6-15#include <>#include <>int main() char s180,s280;

42、int i;printf("input s2:");scanf("%s",s2);for (i=0;i<=strlen(s2);i+)s1i=s2i;printf("s1:%sn",s1);return 0;第7章用函數(shù)實現(xiàn)模塊化程序設計170為什么要用函數(shù)170怎樣定義函數(shù)172為什么要定義函數(shù)172定義函數(shù)的方法173調(diào)用函數(shù)174函數(shù)調(diào)用的形式174函數(shù)調(diào)用時的數(shù)據(jù)傳遞175函數(shù)調(diào)用的過程177函數(shù)的返回值178對被調(diào)用函數(shù)的聲明和函數(shù)原型179函數(shù)的嵌套調(diào)用182函數(shù)的遞歸調(diào)用184數(shù)組作為函數(shù)參數(shù)192數(shù)組元素作函數(shù)實

43、參193數(shù)組名作函數(shù)參數(shù)194多維數(shù)組名作函數(shù)參數(shù)197局部變量和全局變量199局部變量199全局變量200變量的存儲方式和生存期204動態(tài)存儲方式與靜態(tài)存儲方式204局部變量的存儲類別205全局變量的存儲類別208存儲類別小結212關于變量的聲明和定義214內(nèi)部函數(shù)和外部函數(shù)215內(nèi)部函數(shù)215外部函數(shù)215習題2187-1-1#include <>int main()int hcf(int,int);int lcd(int,int,int);int u,v,h,l;scanf("%d,%d",&u,&v);h=hcf(u,v);printf(

44、"",h);l=lcd(u,v,h);printf("",l);return 0;int hcf(int u,int v)int t,r;if (v>u)t=u;u=v;v=t;while (r=u%v)!=0)u=v;v=r;return(v);int lcd(int u,int v,int h)return(u*v/h);7-1-2#include <>int Hcf,Lcd;int main()void hcf(int,int);void lcd(int,int);int u,v;scanf("%d,%d",&

45、amp;u,&v);hcf(u,v);lcd(u,v);printf("",Hcf);printf("",Lcd);return 0;void hcf(int u,int v)int t,r;if (v>u)t=u;u=v;v=t;while (r=u%v)!=0)u=v;v=r;Hcf=v;void lcd(int u,int v)Lcd=u*v/Hcf;7-2#include <>#include <>float x1,x2,disc,p,q;int main()void greater_than_zero(fl

46、oat,float);void equal_to_zero(float,float);void smaller_than_zero(float,float);float a,b,c;printf("input a,b,c:");scanf("%f,%f,%f",&a,&b,&c);printf("equation: %*x*x+%*x+%=0n",a,b,c); disc=b*b-4*a*c;printf("root:n");if (disc>0)greater_than_zero(a

47、,b);printf("x1=%fttx2=%fn",x1,x2);else if (disc=0)equal_to_zero(a,b);printf("x1=%fttx2=%fn",x1,x2);elsesmaller_than_zero(a,b);printf("x1=%f+%fitx2=%f-%fin",p,q,p,q);return 0;void greater_than_zero(float a,float b)x1=(-b+sqrt(disc)/(2*a);x2=(-b-sqrt(disc)/(2*a);void equa

48、l_to_zero(float a,float b)x1=x2=(-b)/(2*a);void smaller_than_zero(float a,float b)p=-b/(2*a);q=sqrt(-disc)/(2*a);7-3#include <>int main()int prime(int);int n;printf("input an integer:");scanf("%d",&n);if (prime(n)printf("%d is a prime.n",n);elseprintf("%d

49、 is not a prime.n",n);return 0;int prime(int n)int flag=1,i;for (i=2;i<n/2 && flag=1;i+)if (n%i=0)flag=0;return(flag);7-4#include <>#define N 3int arrayNN;int main() void convert(int array3);int i,j;printf("input array:n");for (i=0;i<N;i+)for (j=0;j<N;j+)scanf("%d",&arrayij);printf("noriginal array :n");for (i=0;i<N;i+)for (j=0;j<N;j+)printf("%5d",arrayij);printf("n");convert(array);printf("convert array:n");for (i=0;i<N;i+)fo