高一定語從句講解

1、高一定語從句講解嘉定二中高一英語組第一講1、功能：相當于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語一：先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的詞二:關系代詞：用來連接定語從句，并在從句中代表先行詞的代詞。先行詞是物：whichthat先行詞是人：whowhomthat在從句中充當?shù)某煞郑褐髡Z、賓語（1）先找關系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。（2）看關系詞在從句中所充當?shù)某煞?。e.g.把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復合句1. Theyhadaradio.Jtcouldsendoutmessages.Theyhadaradiowhich/thatcouldsendoutmessage.（主語）2. Thegirli

2、smybestfriend.Shespokejustnow.3. Healwaysbuyssomebooks.Heneverreadthem.1. )定語從句一般直接跟在先行詞的后面：e.g.4.Themanwholivesnextdoorsellsvegetables.Themansellsvegetableswholivesnextdoor.()x5. Thecarwhichmyunclejustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.Thecarwasdestroyedintheearthquakewhichmyunclejustbought.()2. )關系

3、代詞在從句中作賓語時可以省略：e.g.6.Theyoungman(whom)yousawwasourmanager.7.Thereissomething(that)wemustkeepinmind.找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關系代詞在從句中的成分1. Themanwhotoldmethenewsrefusedtogivemethename.2. TheairlinehasabookletwhichwilltellyoumostoftheimportantthingsaboutatriptoEurope.3. Hefoundadollarbillthathehadforgotteninasu

4、it.4. Heisthemanwhomweallrespect.5. Thereissomebodywhowantstoseeyou.6. ThehouseIwouldliketobuyisnotforsale.7. Thebicyclemyunclegavemewasveryexpensive.第二講whose的用法：關系代詞與其后的名詞構成所有格，即的”時，它既可以修飾指人的先行詞，也可以修飾指物的先行?詞。e.g.1.Thegirlismydaughter.Herworkgotthefirstprize.Thegirlwhoseworkgotthefirstprizeismydaugh

5、ter.2. Thebookisnotmine.Thecoverofitisred.Thebookwhosecoverisredisnotmine(Thebookthecoverofwhichisredisnotmine)3. Doyouknowanyone?HisfamilyisinXi'an.4. Iliveintheroom.Thewindowsofitfacesouth.5. Thechairhasbeenrepaired.Thelegofitwasbroken.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1、限制性定語從句：從句與主句關系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。e.

6、g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.（去掉定語從句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定語從句：從句對先行詞關系不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號隔開，不能that用引導。e.g.Tom'sfathwhoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.（who引導非限制性定語從句，整個句子可分成兩句來翻譯）that與which的區(qū)別1）用that而不用which的情況 先行詞為不定代詞all,anything,nothing,:先行詞有最高級修飾，有序數(shù)詞修飾；先行詞有only,very,any等詞修飾

7、；先行詞既有人又有物時。e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他們所參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。史密斯先生是他認識的唯一的外國人。2）用which而不用that的情況：引導非限制性定語從句； 指代前面整個主句的意思； 介詞+關系代詞。e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.Thisisthe

8、roominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關系代詞在從句中的成分1. Whatistheaddressofthefactorywhoseadvertisementwenoticedtheotherday.2. Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackwithdisease.3. ItwasameetingwhoseimportaneeIdidn'trealizeatthetime.4. TheGreatWallwasthefirstplacethatwenttovisitwhiletheywereinChi

9、na.5. MissSmith,whoyoumetatourhouse,isgoingtomarryMr.Harry.6. Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisclassmatessurprised.第三講關系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語時，介詞?？梢蕴崆?，但介詞提前時，關系代詞只能用which或whome.g.1.Themanisafamousrunner.Youtalkedtohimjustnow.Themantowhomyoutalkjustnowisafamousrunner.2. Thechairismadeofwood.Heissittingonitnow.The

10、chaironwhichheissittingnowismadeofwood.3. Heisalibraryassistant.Iborrowedsomebooksfromhim.4. Itisafamousschool.Hegraduatedfromit3yearsago.介詞的確定應依據(jù)定語從句中短語的習慣性搭配，Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands?(shakehandswith是習慣性搭配)介詞常受先行詞的制約(即介詞和先行詞的搭配)，Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.(throug

11、hwhich即throughthetelescope)有一些動詞短語中的介詞是固定搭配，不可以拆開，(lookaftertakecareoflookfor)e.g.5.Heisthestudent./Theteachersarelookingforhim.Heisthestudentwhotheteachersarelookingfor.6. Thenumberofthechildrenis30./Shetakescareofthechildren.Thenumberofthechildrenwhoshetakescareofis30.找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關系代詞在從句中的成分1.

12、Thisisthehouseaboutwhichwewrotetoyou.2. WuDong,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.3. Heusedtoliveinabighouseinfrontofwhichgrewmanybananatrees.4. ThisisPeterinwhosehouseIhavelivedforfiveyears.第四講關系畐U詞：whenwherewhy當先行詞是表示時間的名詞，用when,在定語從句中充當時間狀語，這時一般可以用介詞+which來代替：e.g.1.1willneverforgettheday

13、./Iwenttouniversityonthatday.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIwenttouniversity.2. Hestillrememberthemorning./Theearthquakehappenedonthatmorning.當先行詞是表示地點的名詞，用where，在定語從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語，這時一般可以用介詞+which來代替：e.g.3.Thisisthehouse./Heusedtoliveinthehouse.Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichheusedtolive.4. Iknowofaplace.

14、/Wecanswiminthatplace.for+先行詞是表示原因的名詞，即reason,用why，在定語從句中充當原因狀語，這時一般可以用which來代替:e.g.5.Idon'tknowthereason./Hediditforthisreason.Idon'tknowthereaswhy/forwhichhedidit.6. Thereasonwasnotclear./Hewasfiredforit.找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關系代詞在從句中的成分1. Iknowaforestwhereyoucanfindwildstrawberries.2. Isthereany

15、reasonwhyyoushouldhaveaholiday.3. IwillshowyouthewaytotheFriendshipHotelwhereforeignvisitorsarestaying.4. Besuretocallonusnexttimewhenyoucometotown.5. WeshallneverforgetthedayswhenwewereunitedasonetofightagainsttheJapanese.注意點：要注意判斷關系詞及e.g.1.ThisisthehouseThisisthehouse.第五講關系詞在從句中所充當?shù)某煞諬evisitediLye

16、sterday.Heoncelivedinit.Thisisthehousewhich/that/hevisitedyesterday.Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichheoncelived.2. Wewillremembertheday.Wespentthedaytogether.Wewillremembertheday.Weworkedonthisdaytogether.找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關系代詞在從句中的成分1. IwillshowyoutothefactorywhichproducesthiskindofTVsets.2. Iwillshowyouto

17、thefactorywherehehasworkedforfiveyears.3. Iwillshowyoutothefactorywhoseworkersarealldisabledpeople.4. Iwillshowyoutothefactorywhichyourfactoryoncevisitedfiveyearsago.第六講定語從句時特別注意的幾個問題as引導定語從句時的用法1. as引導限制性定語從句通常用于thesameas,such結構耗e.g.SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我們車間使用的這種機器是國制造的。

18、我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。2. as引導非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來修飾整個句子。常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.正如我所預料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞單數(shù)還是用復數(shù)應由先行詞決定。e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEn

19、glishfluently.ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarks.(one為先行詞)Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(students為先行詞)定語從句有時不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcanunderstand.'t引導定語從句的關系副詞有時可以

20、用“介詞+which”來代替。e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfou幾個特殊的定語從句句型：1. Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?2. situation后常用where,inwhich引導定語從句：Canyouimagineasituationwhere/inwhichyoucanusetheword?3. way(方式，方法)后常用inw

21、hich或that或省略來引導定語從句，也可省略：Doyouknowtheway(inwhich/that/how)heworkedouttheproblem?4. Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.Itmayrain,inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關系代詞在從句中的成分1. Heisateacher,asisclearformhismanner.2. Asisknowntoall,waterresourcesareverylimitedontheeart

22、h.3. Heusedsuchexpressionsashecouldfindinthetexts.4. Theystayedforthenightinthesameroomastheyhadoncerented5. Idon'tlikethewayhespeaks.6. HeisoneofthestudentswhoknowtheJapanese.7. HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoknowstheJapanese.定語從句配套練習第一講一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復合句：1. Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.2.

23、Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.3. Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.4. Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon'tstudyhard.5. Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.6. Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.7. Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.8. Thetra

24、inwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.9. Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.10. Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.找出句中的從句并圈出先行詞說出關系代詞在從句中的成分Thethiefwhohadrobbedthemanwascaughtbythepoliceman.IhavetomakeupforthetestthatImissedlastweek.ThecarIhiredbrokedownonmywayhome.Thankyouverymuchforthepresentyousentme.

25、Doyouknowanyonewhowantstobuyasecond-handmotorbike.第二講一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復合句：1.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.2.That'sthechild.Wewereloogkianthisdrawingjustnow.3. Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.4. Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaven'tbeenhandedin.5. Isthatthewoman?Herdau

26、ghterisinmyclass.把下列每對句子合并成含有非限制性定語從句的主從復合句：6. Hehasabrother.Heisanartist.7. Thispoemwaswrittenbythefamouswriter.Almosteverybodyknowsit.8. Theyhaveinvitedmetodinner.Itisverykindofthem.9. Myfatherarrivedatthetownyesterday.HehadbeenonavisittoAmerican.10. Thetravelerstookanotherroad.Theyknewabouttheflo

27、ods.用that、which或whose將下列每一組句子合并成一個含有定語從句的復合句1.Aplaneisamachine.Aplanecanfly.2.TeaismostlyfromChina.Itislovedbymanypeoplesintheworld.3. Allthestudentsinmyclasslikethebook.ThebooktellsaboutHarryPorter.4. Ihaveaverysmartbrother.Heisonlyseventeenyearsoldnow.5. Anearthquakehappenedin1976.Theearthquaketot

28、allydestroyedTangshan.6. Everybodywantstoenjoythepicture.Youtookthepicturejustyesterday.7. Mywifeisaveryefficientwoman.Herclassalwayscomesoutfirstintheschool.8. IstayedinaniceroominQingdao.Thewindowoftheroomopenstothesea.9. I'msorrytohavekilledthehen.Itlaysteneggseverydayonaverage.10. Ilikethisn

29、ewbookverymuch.Itscoverisdesignedbyafriendofmine.11. Infrontofmyvillageflowsasmallriver.Itisnotpollutedyet.12. Whoisthegentleman?Heisstandingoverthere.13. DidyouseeanovelnamedTheGodfather?Itwasonmydeskjustnow.14. Iusedtoworkwithacomputercompany.Thecompanyhasastaffofover600.15. B.Gatesistherichestman

30、intheworld.Hiswealthcomestosome$50billion.16. Thesearethebooks.Youwillneedthem.17. ThecarbrokedownhalfwaytoHangzhou.Weweredrivingthecarthere.18. LectureRoom（百家講壇）isafamousprogram.Manypeoplelikeit.19. Chinaisanancientcountry.Itshistorycoversabout5,000years.20. Myfatherisateacherofphysics.Hisjobistaki

31、ngcareofhisstudents.第三講一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復合句：16. Theserviceshouldbeimproved.Thestudentscomplainalotaboutit.17. Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.18. Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.19. Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.20.

32、Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.二、根據(jù)句子意思，填入介詞加關系代詞費1.ThepersonIspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.2.Thepencilhewaswritingbroke.4.ThetwothingsMarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.5. Herbag,sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.6. ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,t

33、hisisoneexample,arewellwritten.7. Theship,theEuropeanssailedtotheAmericancontinent,wascalledtheMayflower.8. ThefamilyIstayedinRomeiscomingtoEnglandsoon.9. Hehaswrittenabook,thenameIhavecompletelyforgotten.10. Itisafamilyofeightchildren,allarestudyingmusic.11. Canyousuggestatimeitwillbeconvenienttome

34、et.12. Thetown,theycame,wasinthenorthoftheprovince.13. Thefurcoattheladywasdressedwasveryexpensive.14Theemperor,thepalacewasbuilt,wasverycruel.15. Hehadadreamhewastakentotheamusementpark.16. Themoneyheboughtthebike,wasgivenbyhisgrandfather.17. AnnWhite,wereceivedtheinvitation,livesnextdoortous.18. T

35、hestory,thefilmisbased,isatrueone.第四講一、把下列每對句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復合句：1.Istillremembertheday.Wefirstmetontheday.2.Isthereanyshoparound?Icanbuyapenintheshop.3. Theyear1986wasimportantinhistory.TheAmericanastronautsfirstlandedonthemooninthisyear.5. Thecityisonthenewrailwayline.Iwasborninthiscity.6. Thisisther

36、eason.Heleftthecompany.第五講e.g.Thisisthedatewe'reproudof.Thisisthedatehewasborn.Iwillneverforgetthetimewespenttogether.Thisisthefactorymymotherworks.Thisisthefactorywevisitedlastweek.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.thatIdon'tbelievethereasonhegaveforhisdecision.Anotherreasonhemadethisdecisionisthatheha

37、dtoconsiderthefeelingsofothers.第六講填上合適的關系代詞或關系副詞1.Acountryisanationhasitsowngovernment,landandpopulation.2.I'velookedthewordsupinthedictionaryIborrowedfrommyteacher.3. Theman_havemademuchmoneydonotknowwhattodowiththeirmoney.4. Wehaven'tfoundalanguagewouldbeacceptedbypeople.5. Hewenttoafriend

38、knewalotaboutmoneymatters.6. Handsignscanbeusefulinplacesareverynoisyandinplacesareveryquiet.7. MrBlackwouldneverforgetthedayhewasbitterlypunished.8. Thereasonhedidnotbuythemodernpaintingwasthatitwasnotapaintingatall.9. ThewinterOlympicsarealwaysheldinamountainouscountrythereisplentyofsnow.10. Thegreeting“Goodafternoon”isgiventoanyoneyouarepassingquickly.11. Tomstoptospeaksomeonemakesaninquiryaboutfriends.12. Adultssometimesenvychildren,canrunouttoplay.13. I'dlikebtorrowabookcoverisblue.14. ThisistheveryworkI'mafter.15. Ihavethesamebookyoule