高二英語直接引語和間接引語知識精講(1)

1、高二英語直接引語和間接引語知識精講北師大版一.本周教學內(nèi)容：直接引語和間接引語完全按照原句或原段逐字引述,被引述的部分叫做直接引語。間接引語是用引述人的語言把被引述的原話內(nèi)容轉述出來。引述時，原話中的人稱代詞、物主代詞、動詞時態(tài)以及指示代詞、時間狀語和地點狀語等都要有相應的變化。（一）人稱代詞和物主代詞的轉變一般來說，間接引語的主述人是第三者向其他人轉述，因此由直接引語變成間接引語時，人稱代詞和物主代詞有下面的轉變：直接引語間接引語Ihe/sheMehim/herwetheyusthemyouhe/she/they/him/her/themmyhis/herminehis/hersourthe

2、irourstheirsyourhis/theiryourshis/theirs例如：Hesaid,“Ihavelostmyumbrella.”Hesaidthathehadlosthisumbrella.Shesaid,“Thebookonthetableismine.”Shesaidthebookonthetablewashers.但是，如果引述人不同或具體情況不同，人稱代詞和物主代詞的轉變也隨之不同。“Iknow,”saidCrawley,“butIlovetohearyousayit.”1. Crawleyansweredthatheknew,buthelovedtohearmesay

3、it.2. I(Crawley)answeredthatIknewbutIlovedtohearhim/hersayit.3. 第三者轉述a. 第三者轉告其他人Crawleyansweredthatheknewbuthelovedtohearhim/hersayit.b. 第三者提醒聽話者Crawleyansweredthatheknewbuthelovedtohearyousayit.c. 第三者復述給說話者You(Crawley)answeredthatyouknew,butyoulovedtohearhim/hersayit.(二)時態(tài)的轉變1. 主句的時態(tài)是過去時，直接引語的謂語動詞按

4、照時態(tài)一致的原則，在變成間接引語時做如下的變化：直接引語間接引語現(xiàn)在一般時態(tài)過去一般時態(tài)過去一般時態(tài)過去完成時態(tài)將來一般時態(tài)過去一般將來時態(tài)現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)過去進行時態(tài)過去進行時態(tài)過去完成進行時態(tài)將來進行時態(tài)過去將來進行時態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)過去完成時態(tài)過去完成時態(tài)過去完成時態(tài)將來完成時態(tài)過去將來完成時態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)過去完成進行時態(tài)過去完成進行時態(tài)過去完成進行時態(tài)將來完成進行時態(tài)過去將來完成進行時態(tài)例如“Iamafraidthatargumentsdon'tmakeadifference.”saidhewithasmile.Hesaidwithasmilethathewasafraidtha

5、targumentsdidn'tmakeadifference.Sohesaidtome,“Youdon'tknowwhatyouaretalkingabout.”SohesaidtomeIdidn'tknowwhatIwastalkingabout.“Ididnotsupposethatyouhaddoneitonpurpose.”shesaid.Shesaidthatshehadnotsupposedthathehaddoneitonpurpose.“Ihavewonthematchalready.”claimedmyfriend.Myfriendclaimedth

6、athehadwonthematchalready.Isaid，“Ishallbethere.”IsaidIshouldbethere.2. 主句謂語動詞雖然是過去時，但在下面情況中間接引語的謂語動詞時態(tài)不變。a.間接引語陳述的事實不受時間限制，或者表示的是習慣行為。Thestudentsrecited,“TheMississipiisthelongestriverinUS.”ThestudentsrecitedtheMississipiisthelongestriverinUS.MrsSmithsaidtothestudents,“IreadforhalfanhourbeforeIgotob

7、edeverynight.”MrsSmithtoldthestudentsthatshereadsforhalfanhourbeforeshegoestobedeverynight.b.直接引語的謂語動詞是一般過去時態(tài)，如果帶表示確定的過去時間狀語或時間狀語從句，變成間接引語時，謂語動詞可用一般過去時態(tài)。Thearticlewrote,“In1801,Napoleon'stroopsinEgyptgaveintotheBritishcommand.”Thearticlewrotein1801,Napoleon'stroopsinEgyptgaveintotheBritishco

8、mmand.“WhenIwasyoungandmademistakes,”shesaid,“theforemanbeatme;whenIgrewup,hedidnotbutfinedme.”Shesaidthatwhenshewasyoungandmademistakes,theforemanbeather;whenshegrewup,hedidnotbutfinedher.三）指示代詞、時間狀語和地點狀語的轉變直接引語間接引語thisthesenowthatthosethen/atthatmomentagotodaytomorrowyesterdaybeforethatdaythenextd

9、ay/thefollowingdaythedaybefore/thepreviousdaylastweek/monthnextweek/monthheretheweek/monthbeforethenext/followingweek/monththere例如：Hesaid,“Iwantthisone.”Hesaidhewantedthatone.Shesaid,“Shecan'tsettleanythingnow.”Shesaidthatshecouldn'tsettleanythingthen.Bobsaid,“Somestudentsinvitedmetoteaafewd

10、aysago.”Bobsaidthatsomestudentshadinvitedhimtoteaafewdaysbefore.“Iwillmarryyoutomorrow.”shepromised.Shepromisedthatshewouldmarrymethenextday.“Itoldyouyesterdayandthedaybeforeyesterday.”heshoutedatme.Heshoutedatmethathehadtoldmethedaybeforeandtwodaysbefore.（四）直接引語轉變成間接引語時要注意的幾個問題1、當直接引語是一般疑問句時，轉換成間接引

11、語時使用whether來引導，間接引語的語序要恢復陳述句的語序，同時注意人稱代詞以及時間和地點狀語的轉換。例如：Sheasked,“Isyourfatherthemanwhoisinblack?”Sheaskedwhetheryourfatherwasthemanwhowasinblack.Tomasked,“WilltheyhelpmeifIturntothem?”Tomaskedwhethertheywouldhelphimifheturnedtothem.2、當直接引語是特殊疑問句時，仍然使用特殊疑問詞來引導，間接引語的語序恢復陳述句的語序，同時注意人稱代詞以及時間和地點狀語的轉換。例如

12、：Maryaskedme,“Whenwillyoustartyourpartytonight?”MaryaskedmewhenIwouldstartmypartythisnight.Theywondered,“Whowillbeinchargeofthecompanyifthemanagerquitsoffice?Theywonderedwhowouldbeinchargeofthecompanyifthemanagerquittedoffice.3、當直接引語是祈使句時我們習慣于使用表示命令和請求的動詞進行轉換。例如：Theysaid,“Don'ttouchthestonebecau

13、seitiseasytofall.”Theytoldmenottotouchthestonebecauseitwaseasytofall.Theyordered,“Everyoneshouldkeepquiet.”Theyorderedeveryonetokeepquiet.Hesaidtome,“Wouldyoupleasehelpmewithmycase?”Heaskedmetohelphimwithhiscase.模擬試題】.將下面的直接引語轉換成間接引語。1. “I'ddomaths,Jo,ifIwereyou.”MsJenningsadvised.2. “Takeaphoto

14、ofthebank.”Thejournalistorderedthephotographer.3. “JohnandLaura,dothemoredifficultexercises.”Theteachersaid.4. “Givethevideotoyoursister,please.”Peterasked.5. “Don'ttellyourgrandmotheryet.”Thedoctoradvised.6. “It'saninterestingjob.”Jimsaid.7. “Wherearewegoing?”AskedPeter'sfriend.8. “Irea

15、llycan'tanswerthisquestion.”RepliedMr.Jones.9. Heasked,“Doyouknowwhowillwinthegame?”10. Shewondered,“Whoisitthatsolvedthistoughproblem?”11. Hesaid,“Ididn'tnoticeherwhenshecameintomyroomyesterday.”12. Heclaimed,“IadmitEdisonisoneofthegreatestinventorsintheworld.根據(jù)提示完成下面的句子。1. 湯姆問莎莉能否接管這件事情。To

16、maskedSally.2. 我們要確定王東是否編造了這個故事。Wehadtomakesure.3. 會議組織者說由于時間關系就不再詳細解釋這件事情了。Theorganizerofthemeetingsaid.4. 小李決定盡一切努力趕上班里的其他同學。XiaoLidetermined.5. 老板說：“我們必須準備第二套方案，以防第一套方案失敗。”O(jiān)urbosssaid.參考答案、1.MsJenningsadvisedthatshe'ddomathsifshewereJo.2.Thejournalistorderedthephotographertotakeaphotooftheban

17、k.3. TheteachertoldJohnandLauratodothemoredifficultexercises.4. Peteraskedmetogivethevideotomysister.5. Thedoctoradvisedusnottotellourgrandmother.6. Jimsaiditwasaninterestingjob.7. Peter'sfriendaskedwheretheyweregoing.8. Mr.Jonesrepliedhereallycouldn'tanswerthatquestion.9. Heaskedif/whetherIknewwhowouldwinthegame.10. Shewonderedwhoitwasthathadsolvedthattoughproblem.11. Hesaidthathedidn'tnoticeherwhenshecameintohisroomthedaybefore.12. HeclaimedthatheadmittedEdisonisoneofthegreatestinventorsintheworld.、1.TomaskedSallyif/whethershecouldtakeovert