高二英語直接引語和間接引語知識(shí)精講(1)

1、高二英語直接引語和間接引語知識(shí)精講北師大版一.本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容：直接引語和間接引語完全按照原句或原段逐字引述,被引述的部分叫做直接引語。間接引語是用引述人的語言把被引述的原話內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)述出來。引述時(shí)，原話中的人稱代詞、物主代詞、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)以及指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等都要有相應(yīng)的變化。（一）人稱代詞和物主代詞的轉(zhuǎn)變一般來說，間接引語的主述人是第三者向其他人轉(zhuǎn)述，因此由直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，人稱代詞和物主代詞有下面的轉(zhuǎn)變：直接引語間接引語Ihe/sheMehim/herwetheyusthemyouhe/she/they/him/her/themmyhis/herminehis/hersourthe

2、irourstheirsyourhis/theiryourshis/theirs例如：Hesaid,“Ihavelostmyumbrella.”Hesaidthathehadlosthisumbrella.Shesaid,“Thebookonthetableismine.”Shesaidthebookonthetablewashers.但是，如果引述人不同或具體情況不同，人稱代詞和物主代詞的轉(zhuǎn)變也隨之不同?！癐know,”saidCrawley,“butIlovetohearyousayit.”1. Crawleyansweredthatheknew,buthelovedtohearmesay

3、it.2. I(Crawley)answeredthatIknewbutIlovedtohearhim/hersayit.3. 第三者轉(zhuǎn)述a. 第三者轉(zhuǎn)告其他人Crawleyansweredthatheknewbuthelovedtohearhim/hersayit.b. 第三者提醒聽話者Crawleyansweredthatheknewbuthelovedtohearyousayit.c. 第三者復(fù)述給說話者You(Crawley)answeredthatyouknew,butyoulovedtohearhim/hersayit.(二)時(shí)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變1. 主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)，直接引語的謂語動(dòng)詞按

4、照時(shí)態(tài)一致的原則，在變成間接引語時(shí)做如下的變化：直接引語間接引語現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)態(tài)過去一般時(shí)態(tài)過去一般時(shí)態(tài)過去完成時(shí)態(tài)將來一般時(shí)態(tài)過去一般將來時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)過去完成時(shí)態(tài)過去完成時(shí)態(tài)過去完成時(shí)態(tài)將來完成時(shí)態(tài)過去將來完成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)例如“Iamafraidthatargumentsdon'tmakeadifference.”saidhewithasmile.Hesaidwithasmilethathewasafraidtha

5、targumentsdidn'tmakeadifference.Sohesaidtome,“Youdon'tknowwhatyouaretalkingabout.”SohesaidtomeIdidn'tknowwhatIwastalkingabout.“Ididnotsupposethatyouhaddoneitonpurpose.”shesaid.Shesaidthatshehadnotsupposedthathehaddoneitonpurpose.“Ihavewonthematchalready.”claimedmyfriend.Myfriendclaimedth

6、athehadwonthematchalready.Isaid，“Ishallbethere.”IsaidIshouldbethere.2. 主句謂語動(dòng)詞雖然是過去時(shí)，但在下面情況中間接引語的謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不變。a.間接引語陳述的事實(shí)不受時(shí)間限制，或者表示的是習(xí)慣行為。Thestudentsrecited,“TheMississipiisthelongestriverinUS.”ThestudentsrecitedtheMississipiisthelongestriverinUS.MrsSmithsaidtothestudents,“IreadforhalfanhourbeforeIgotob

7、edeverynight.”MrsSmithtoldthestudentsthatshereadsforhalfanhourbeforeshegoestobedeverynight.b.直接引語的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，如果帶表示確定的過去時(shí)間狀語或時(shí)間狀語從句，變成間接引語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞可用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。Thearticlewrote,“In1801,Napoleon'stroopsinEgyptgaveintotheBritishcommand.”Thearticlewrotein1801,Napoleon'stroopsinEgyptgaveintotheBritishco

8、mmand.“WhenIwasyoungandmademistakes,”shesaid,“theforemanbeatme;whenIgrewup,hedidnotbutfinedme.”Shesaidthatwhenshewasyoungandmademistakes,theforemanbeather;whenshegrewup,hedidnotbutfinedher.三）指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語的轉(zhuǎn)變直接引語間接引語thisthesenowthatthosethen/atthatmomentagotodaytomorrowyesterdaybeforethatdaythenextd

9、ay/thefollowingdaythedaybefore/thepreviousdaylastweek/monthnextweek/monthheretheweek/monthbeforethenext/followingweek/monththere例如：Hesaid,“Iwantthisone.”Hesaidhewantedthatone.Shesaid,“Shecan'tsettleanythingnow.”Shesaidthatshecouldn'tsettleanythingthen.Bobsaid,“Somestudentsinvitedmetoteaafewd

10、aysago.”Bobsaidthatsomestudentshadinvitedhimtoteaafewdaysbefore.“Iwillmarryyoutomorrow.”shepromised.Shepromisedthatshewouldmarrymethenextday.“Itoldyouyesterdayandthedaybeforeyesterday.”heshoutedatme.Heshoutedatmethathehadtoldmethedaybeforeandtwodaysbefore.（四）直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變成間接引語時(shí)要注意的幾個(gè)問題1、當(dāng)直接引語是一般疑問句時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引

11、語時(shí)使用whether來引導(dǎo)，間接引語的語序要恢復(fù)陳述句的語序，同時(shí)注意人稱代詞以及時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語的轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：Sheasked,“Isyourfatherthemanwhoisinblack?”Sheaskedwhetheryourfatherwasthemanwhowasinblack.Tomasked,“WilltheyhelpmeifIturntothem?”Tomaskedwhethertheywouldhelphimifheturnedtothem.2、當(dāng)直接引語是特殊疑問句時(shí)，仍然使用特殊疑問詞來引導(dǎo)，間接引語的語序恢復(fù)陳述句的語序，同時(shí)注意人稱代詞以及時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語的轉(zhuǎn)換。例如

12、：Maryaskedme,“Whenwillyoustartyourpartytonight?”MaryaskedmewhenIwouldstartmypartythisnight.Theywondered,“Whowillbeinchargeofthecompanyifthemanagerquitsoffice?Theywonderedwhowouldbeinchargeofthecompanyifthemanagerquittedoffice.3、當(dāng)直接引語是祈使句時(shí)我們習(xí)慣于使用表示命令和請(qǐng)求的動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：Theysaid,“Don'ttouchthestonebecau

13、seitiseasytofall.”Theytoldmenottotouchthestonebecauseitwaseasytofall.Theyordered,“Everyoneshouldkeepquiet.”Theyorderedeveryonetokeepquiet.Hesaidtome,“Wouldyoupleasehelpmewithmycase?”Heaskedmetohelphimwithhiscase.模擬試題】.將下面的直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語。1. “I'ddomaths,Jo,ifIwereyou.”MsJenningsadvised.2. “Takeaphoto

14、ofthebank.”Thejournalistorderedthephotographer.3. “JohnandLaura,dothemoredifficultexercises.”Theteachersaid.4. “Givethevideotoyoursister,please.”Peterasked.5. “Don'ttellyourgrandmotheryet.”Thedoctoradvised.6. “It'saninterestingjob.”Jimsaid.7. “Wherearewegoing?”AskedPeter'sfriend.8. “Irea

15、llycan'tanswerthisquestion.”RepliedMr.Jones.9. Heasked,“Doyouknowwhowillwinthegame?”10. Shewondered,“Whoisitthatsolvedthistoughproblem?”11. Hesaid,“Ididn'tnoticeherwhenshecameintomyroomyesterday.”12. Heclaimed,“IadmitEdisonisoneofthegreatestinventorsintheworld.根據(jù)提示完成下面的句子。1. 湯姆問莎莉能否接管這件事情。To

16、maskedSally.2. 我們要確定王東是否編造了這個(gè)故事。Wehadtomakesure.3. 會(huì)議組織者說由于時(shí)間關(guān)系就不再詳細(xì)解釋這件事情了。Theorganizerofthemeetingsaid.4. 小李決定盡一切努力趕上班里的其他同學(xué)。XiaoLidetermined.5. 老板說：“我們必須準(zhǔn)備第二套方案，以防第一套方案失敗。”O(jiān)urbosssaid.參考答案、1.MsJenningsadvisedthatshe'ddomathsifshewereJo.2.Thejournalistorderedthephotographertotakeaphotooftheban

17、k.3. TheteachertoldJohnandLauratodothemoredifficultexercises.4. Peteraskedmetogivethevideotomysister.5. Thedoctoradvisedusnottotellourgrandmother.6. Jimsaiditwasaninterestingjob.7. Peter'sfriendaskedwheretheyweregoing.8. Mr.Jonesrepliedhereallycouldn'tanswerthatquestion.9. Heaskedif/whetherIknewwhowouldwinthegame.10. Shewonderedwhoitwasthathadsolvedthattoughproblem.11. Hesaidthathedidn'tnoticeherwhenshecameintohisroomthedaybefore.12. HeclaimedthatheadmittedEdisonisoneofthegreatestinventorsintheworld.、1.TomaskedSallyif/whethershecouldtakeovert