翻譯技巧及習(xí)題

1、Translation Skills Practice倍數(shù)的翻譯1. n times+. n times+名詞名詞+that of., n times as.as.+that of., n times as.as.或或v + n timesv + n times等可譯成等可譯成“是是的的n n倍倍” ” 或或 ：“比比增加增加n-1n-1倍倍”。e.g.The output of cars this year is about three times as great as that of last year. 今年的汽車(chē)產(chǎn)量大約是去年的三倍。（或今年的汽車(chē)產(chǎn)量比去年多兩倍左右。）2. n t

2、imes +“2. n times +“增加增加” ” 意義的比較級(jí)意義的比較級(jí)+than.+than.可譯成可譯成“凈增凈增加加”或或倍倍”。e.g. The irrigated area in this prefecture is four times bigger than 1998. 這個(gè)轄區(qū)的灌溉面積是1998的4 倍。3. “3. “增加增加”等意義的動(dòng)詞等意義的動(dòng)詞+by.+by.可譯成可譯成“增加了增加了”，“增加增加”等意等意義的動(dòng)詞義的動(dòng)詞+by a factor of.+by a factor of.可譯成可譯成“增加了增加了n-1n-1倍倍”；增加意義的動(dòng)詞；增加意義的

3、動(dòng)詞+to.+to.可譯成可譯成“增加到增加到或或倍倍”或或“增加了增加了n-1n-1倍倍”。e.g. The value of our industrial output this year has increase five times as compared with that of ten years ago. 今年我們的工業(yè)產(chǎn)值比10年前增加了4倍。The rate of inflation has increase by 3 %. 通貨膨脹率增加了3%。4. Double4. Double， treble treble，quadruplequadruple，n + fold n +

4、 fold 等表示的倍數(shù)可譯成等表示的倍數(shù)可譯成“是是的幾倍的幾倍”或或“增加了增加了n-1n-1倍倍”。e.g. The efficiency of the machine has been more than treble. 這臺(tái)機(jī)器的效率增加了兩倍多（是過(guò)去的三倍多）。 倍數(shù)的減少1. n times as + “. n times as + “減少減少”意義的原級(jí)意義的原級(jí)+as., n times +“+as., n times +“減少減少”意義的意義的 比比較級(jí)較級(jí)+than.+than.，“減少減少”意義的動(dòng)詞意義的動(dòng)詞+n times +n times 等，可譯成等，可譯成“

5、比比減少減少（n-1n-1）n n 、”減少了（減少了（n-1n-1）n n、 “ “是是11n”n”、 “ “減少到減少到1 1n” n” （若（若n n 有小數(shù)點(diǎn)，則要換算成不帶小數(shù)點(diǎn)的分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)）。有小數(shù)點(diǎn)，則要換算成不帶小數(shù)點(diǎn)的分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)）。e.g. The length of the laser tube was reduced ten times. 激光管的長(zhǎng)度縮短到110.（或：激光管的長(zhǎng)度縮短了910。） This kind of film is twice thinner than ordinary paper， but it its quality is quite g

6、ood. 盡管這種薄膜的厚度只是普通紙張的一半，可是質(zhì)量卻相當(dāng)好。2. “2. “減少減少”意義的動(dòng)詞意義的動(dòng)詞+by +by 可譯成可譯成“減少減少”、“減少減少n-1n-1n” n” 或或 “ “減少到減少到1 1n”n”、減少意義的動(dòng)詞、減少意義的動(dòng)詞+ by a factor of + by a factor of 可譯成可譯成 “ “減少減少n-1 n-1 n” n” 或或 “ “減少到減少到1 1n”n”、減少意義的動(dòng)詞、減少意義的動(dòng)詞+ to + to 可譯成可譯成 “ “減少到減少到”。e.g. The load resistance is reduced by factor

7、of 5. 負(fù)載阻抗減少到五分之一。 The company has reduced its work force from more than 15000 to 10000. 該公司將其工作人員從15 000多人裁剪到10 0000人。 Translation Skills Practice1. 1998年以來(lái)， 計(jì)算機(jī)的銷(xiāo)售增加了五倍。2. 注冊(cè)晚間上課的學(xué)生人數(shù)增加了一倍多。3. 這個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn)的人口增加了三倍。4. 移動(dòng)電話(huà)的價(jià)格降低了70%。5. 假如你使兩個(gè)物體之間的距離增大道三倍，那么它們之間的萬(wàn)有引力就會(huì)減小到九分之一。6. 這條自動(dòng)裝配線(xiàn)使裝配時(shí)間減少了五分之四。7.新產(chǎn)品的成本

8、使老產(chǎn)品的25%。8. 這臺(tái)機(jī)器改善了勞動(dòng)條件，使功效提高了三倍。（功效是原來(lái)的四倍）Translation Skills Practice1.The sales of computers have multipied six timeshave multipied six times since 1988. 2.The number of the students enrolled in evening classes hashas increased more than twofold.increased more than twofold.3.The population of this

9、 small town has increased by factor of four.4.The price of mobile phones was reduced by 70%reduced by 70%. .5.If you treble the distance between two objects,their gravitational attraction becomes nine times weaker.nine times weaker.6. By using an automated assembly line， the assembling time will be

10、reduced five times.reduced five times.7. The cost of new product is only about 25% as much as that of the 25% as much as that of the old one. old one. 8. The machine improves the working condition and raises efficiency fourfold.fourfold. 數(shù)量詞的翻譯數(shù)詞的翻譯數(shù)詞的翻譯英漢兩種語(yǔ)言表示數(shù)量的方法時(shí)有不同，英漢兩種語(yǔ)言表示數(shù)量的方法時(shí)有不同，翻譯中不僅需要仔細(xì)推

11、敲如何表達(dá)，有時(shí)翻譯中不僅需要仔細(xì)推敲如何表達(dá)，有時(shí)還需要進(jìn)行換算。例如：還需要進(jìn)行換算。例如：1. ten thousand 萬(wàn) one hundred thousand 十萬(wàn)one hundred million 億one billion 十億 ten billion 百億2. hundreds of 數(shù)百 thousands of 成千上萬(wàn)tens of thousands of 千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)millions of 數(shù)百萬(wàn)，千百萬(wàn)millions of millions of 億萬(wàn)decades 幾十（年） scores 好幾十，大量dozens 數(shù)打，數(shù)十量詞的翻譯量詞的翻譯1.1.度量衡

12、單位詞的翻譯：直接將量詞譯成對(duì)應(yīng)的度量衡單位詞的翻譯：直接將量詞譯成對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語(yǔ)。例如：漢語(yǔ)。例如：ton 噸 gram 克 foot 英尺 inch 英寸2. 2. 普通名詞作量詞則應(yīng)按語(yǔ)境來(lái)譯，必須符合普通名詞作量詞則應(yīng)按語(yǔ)境來(lái)譯，必須符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。例如：漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。例如：a piece of news 一則消息a colony of ants 一窩螞蟻3. 3. 翻譯時(shí)增加量詞。例如翻譯時(shí)增加量詞。例如a chair 一把椅子 a horse 一匹馬a tree 一棵樹(shù)A red roses slowly from the clam sea.一輪紅日從風(fēng)平浪靜的海面冉冉升起。Tr

13、anslation Skills Practice1.Petroleum, natural gas and cocal come from plants that lived 330 million years ago.2. Although there exist only about 90 elements in nature， they combine to from thousands of different substances in the world.3. Nobels original legacy of nine million dollars was invested，

14、and the interest on this sum is used today for the award which vary from $30 000 to $ 125 000.4. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continet a new nation，conceived in liberty， and dedicated to be the proposition that all men are created equal.5. In practice，a rotor weig

15、hing about 10 tons and rotating at 3 000r.p.m. may be so well balanced that the motion，except for sound， is just perceptible.Translation Skills Practice1.石油、天然氣和煤都是由3億3千萬(wàn)年以前的植物形成的。2. 雖然自然界只有大約90中元素，但它們的結(jié)合可構(gòu)成世界上千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)種不同的物質(zhì)。3. 諾貝爾提供的遺產(chǎn)原數(shù)為900萬(wàn)美元，這些錢(qián)投資后所得利息用作獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，獎(jiǎng)金的數(shù)額從3萬(wàn)美元到12.5萬(wàn)美元不等。4. 87年前，我們的先輩們?cè)谶@個(gè)大陸上創(chuàng)

16、立了一個(gè)新的國(guó)家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生來(lái)平等的原則。5. 實(shí)際上，一根重約10噸、每分鐘3千轉(zhuǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)子可以平衡得非常好，以至于 除了響聲外，人們幾乎察覺(jué)不出它的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 否定句的翻譯1. 1. 否定成分的轉(zhuǎn)移否定成分的轉(zhuǎn)移 The object did not move because I pushed on it. 這物體不是因?yàn)槲彝屏瞬乓苿?dòng)的。（原文否定謂語(yǔ)，譯文否定狀語(yǔ)）2. 2. 形式否定形式否定 Nobody could be too foolish this day. 這幾天你怎么出洋相都不過(guò)分。 3. 3. 雙重否定雙重否定 With substance， there co

17、uld be no force. 沒(méi)有物質(zhì)就沒(méi)有重力。（譯成雙重否定） She is not a little interested in computer games. 她對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)游戲有濃厚興趣。（譯成肯定句）4. 4. 部分否定部分否定 Everything is not straightened our. 并非每一個(gè)問(wèn)題都弄清楚了。 否定句的翻譯1. 1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)否定強(qiáng)調(diào)否定 The outcome of the experiment was not half bad. 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相當(dāng)好。2. 2. 含蓄否定含蓄否定 The report lacks detail. 報(bào)告不夠詳盡。（否定包含

18、在英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中）1. The Theory of Relativity is above many peoples comprehension.2. A few sets of equipment are in a state of negle.3. The machine provide no power of its own.4. Both suggestions cannot be accepted by the committee.5. The problem is beyond the reach of my understanding.6. Never start to do the

19、 experiment before you have checked the instrument.Translation Skills PracticeTranslation Skills Practice1.相對(duì)論現(xiàn)在還有許多人不能理解。2. 一些設(shè)備處于無(wú)人管理的狀態(tài)。3. 機(jī)器本身并不提供動(dòng)力。4. 并非兩個(gè)建議都能被委員會(huì)接受。5. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題我理解不了。6. 在沒(méi)檢查儀器之前， 千萬(wàn)別做實(shí)驗(yàn)。 定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯常見(jiàn)的定語(yǔ)從句翻譯方法有兩種：合譯法和分譯法。常見(jiàn)的定語(yǔ)從句翻譯方法有兩種：合譯法和分譯法。1. 合譯法：合譯法：把定語(yǔ)從句譯成漢語(yǔ)“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)，放在被修飾詞的前面，從而把英語(yǔ)

20、的主句和定語(yǔ)從句合譯成一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)單句。This is the scientist who just returned from the North Pole. 這是剛從北極歸來(lái)的科學(xué)家。The sun， which had hidden in the cloud all day， now came out in its entire splendor. 整天躲在云層里的太陽(yáng)，現(xiàn)在又光芒四射地露面了。Without rubber there would be no such automobile as we have today. 如果沒(méi)有橡膠，就不會(huì)有今天這樣的汽車(chē)。 定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯2. 分譯法

21、分譯法; 將定語(yǔ)從句與主句分開(kāi)，譯成并列分句。I knew that Mary would tell the story to her mother， who would probably tell it to John. 我知道瑪麗準(zhǔn)會(huì)把這件事告訴她的媽媽?zhuān)龐寢尪喟胗謺?huì)把這事說(shuō) 給約翰聽(tīng)。They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increaed. 他們找到一種新方法，采用該方法之后產(chǎn)量已迅速提高。 Machine tools have various uses， one of which i

22、s to make holes in metal. 機(jī)床有各種用途，其中之一是給金屬鉆孔。Translation Skills Practice1.An element is a sustance thatsustance that cannot be broken down into simple substance by ordinary chemical means.2.The reporter of Evening Paper wishes to write an article an article thatthat will attract public attention to

23、the matter.3. The teacher was angery， and asked John to clean the classroom，who who asked Mary，who who asked Linda，whowho pretended to hear.4. I think I should particularly thank my parents，without whosewhose help I couldnt have succeeded.5. Tom liked his sister，whowho was warm and pleasant， but he

24、did not like his brothers，whowho was indifferent and proud.Translation Skills Practice1.元素是一種物質(zhì)，這種物質(zhì)不能用一般的化學(xué)方法再分裂成更為簡(jiǎn)單的物質(zhì)。2.晚報(bào)記者想寫(xiě)一片文章，以便能引起公眾對(duì)這件事的注意。3. 老師十分生氣，要約翰打掃教，約翰叫瑪麗做，瑪麗又叫琳達(dá)做，而琳達(dá)裝著沒(méi)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。4. 我認(rèn)為我應(yīng)該特別感謝我的父母，沒(méi)有他們的幫助，我不可能成功。5. 湯姆喜歡熱情而可愛(ài)的妹妹，但不喜歡冷漠又高傲的哥哥。 同位語(yǔ)的翻譯可以充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式等。同位語(yǔ)通常放在有可以充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)

25、的有名詞、代詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式等。同位語(yǔ)通常放在有關(guān)成分（本位語(yǔ)）之后，并對(duì)其內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋說(shuō)明。關(guān)成分（本位語(yǔ)）之后，并對(duì)其內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋說(shuō)明。1、 名詞或代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞等作同位語(yǔ)，一般與本位語(yǔ)譯在一起。名詞或代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞等作同位語(yǔ)，一般與本位語(yǔ)譯在一起。 You may leave it to us two. 你可以把這件事交給我們兩個(gè)。 This is Mr Zhou，director of our hospital. 這是我們的醫(yī)院院長(zhǎng)周先生。 She seemed different from them all. 她似乎和他們所有人都不同。 This theory

26、 was advanced by LiSiguang，a famous Chinese geologist. 這一理論是由中國(guó)的著名地質(zhì)學(xué)家李四光提出的。 同位語(yǔ)的翻譯2. 有些同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜一些，如由引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)，翻譯時(shí)一般譯在本位語(yǔ)之后，且用有些同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜一些，如由引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)，翻譯時(shí)一般譯在本位語(yǔ)之后，且用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)隔開(kāi)。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)隔開(kāi)。 Then arose the question where we were to get themachines needed. 這時(shí)就產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)問(wèn)題，我們到哪去找需要的機(jī)器。 They visited eight cities，for example，L

27、ondon and Paris. 他們?cè)L問(wèn)了八座城市，例如倫敦和巴黎。3. 在某些含義需要進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明的名詞（如在某些含義需要進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明的名詞（如idea，fact，news，hope，belief， thought，doubt等）后可用等）后可用that從句作同位語(yǔ)，稱(chēng)為同位語(yǔ)從句。翻譯時(shí)多譯成該從句作同位語(yǔ)，稱(chēng)為同位語(yǔ)從句。翻譯時(shí)多譯成該名詞的定語(yǔ)。名詞的定語(yǔ)。 I had no idea that you were here. 我不知道你也在這兒。 Obvoiusly there was little probability that they would succeed，but they

28、 didnt mind. 很顯然他們成功的可能性很小，但是他們不在意。Translation Skills Practice1.we expressed the hope that they would come and visit China again.2.The story goes that William Tell did kill the tyrant with that arrow.3.There is no probability that human beings will ever be controlled by robots.4.She went to the meet

29、ing on the supposition that people would not assail her with questions.5.Ive come from Mr Lin with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon.6.The middle-aged man is a newly elected team leader，able，open, and sincere.7.His only interest in life，playing football，has brought him many fr

30、iends.8.Their staff of 360，mostly former housewives，help the residents with their laundry and mending.Translation Skills Practice1.我們表示希望他們?cè)俅卧L(fǎng)問(wèn)中國(guó)。2.傳說(shuō)威廉泰勒真用這支箭射死了暴君。3. 人類(lèi)受機(jī)器人控制的可能性是不存在的。4. 她去參加了會(huì)議，心想人們是不會(huì)向她提許多問(wèn)題的。5. 我從林先生那兒來(lái)，他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來(lái)看你了。6. 那位中年人是新選出的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)，他能干，開(kāi)朗又陳懇。7. 他生活中唯一感興趣的東西是踢足球，這使他交到很多朋友。8

31、. 他們有360名職工，大部分原來(lái)是家庭婦女，現(xiàn)在幫助居民做一些洗滌、縫補(bǔ)的事. 名詞性從句的翻譯在句子中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于在句子中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，因此名詞性從句又可分別稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)名詞詞組，因此名詞性從句又可分別稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。1. 名詞性名詞性that-從句的翻譯從句的翻譯that 只起鏈接主句和從句的作用，本身沒(méi)有詞意，翻譯時(shí)只譯出從句只起鏈接主句和從句的作用，本身沒(méi)有詞意，翻譯時(shí)只譯出從句的意義即可。例如的意義即可。例如 That he is

32、still alive is sheer luck.他還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.約翰說(shuō)他星期三要到倫敦去。The fact that he has not been recently disturbs everyone in his office.近來(lái)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他，這一事實(shí)令辦公室所有的人感到不安。 名詞性從句的翻譯l 用用it 作先行詞結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯作先行詞結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯l It is +名詞名詞+從句從句l It is a fact that. 事實(shí)是 It is an honor that. 事實(shí)

33、是l It id common knowledge that. 是常識(shí)l It is +形形 容詞容詞+從句從句l It is natural that. 很自然 It is strange that. 奇怪的是 l It +不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞+從句從句l It seems that. 似乎 It happened that. 碰巧 l It +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞+從句從句l It is reported that. 據(jù)報(bào)道 It has been proved that. 已證實(shí) 名詞性從句的翻譯2. 名詞性名詞性wh-從句的翻譯從句的翻譯wh-包括who， whom， whoes，whoe

34、ver， what，whatever，which，whichever等連接代詞和where，when，why等連接副詞。翻譯時(shí)既可譯出這些連接詞語(yǔ)的譯文含義，又可按其實(shí)際所指變通譯成“的東西”、“的地方”、“的時(shí)間”、“的原因”等How the book will sell depends on its author.這本書(shū)銷(xiāo)售如何取決于其作者。In ones own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以隨心所欲。The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱樂(lè)部將給得勝者發(fā)獎(jiǎng)。My question is who w

35、ill take over presidency of the Foundation.我的問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)將接任該基金會(huì)的主席職位。 名詞性從句的翻譯 She will name him whatever she wants to.她高興給他取什么名字就起什么名字。I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。I am not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請(qǐng)。That depends on where we shall go. 那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬?。Wh-從句作主語(yǔ)也常用it

36、作形式主語(yǔ)It is not yet decided who will do that job.還沒(méi)決定誰(shuí)做這項(xiàng)工作。It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明。What you need is. 你需要的（東西）是How +從句+is up to you. 的方法由你決定。Where +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+is none of your business. 什么地方與你無(wú)關(guān)Why +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+is a secret. 為什么還是個(gè)謎。 It is not clear who. 誰(shuí)還不清楚。名詞性從句否定轉(zhuǎn)移的翻譯

37、think，believe，suppose，expect， fancy，image等動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句的等動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到了主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到了主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。用肯定式。 I dont think I know you. 我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。 I dont believe he will come. 我相信他不會(huì)來(lái)。seem，appear等后的句的否定，轉(zhuǎn)移到了前面。等后的句的否定，轉(zhuǎn)移到了前面。 It doesnt seem that they know where to go. 看來(lái)他們不知道

38、往哪兒去。 It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 看來(lái)我們明天不會(huì)碰上好天氣。有時(shí)整個(gè)從句的否定，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定。有時(shí)整個(gè)從句的否定，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定。 It is not a place where anyone would expect to see strange character on the street. 在這里，人們不會(huì)想到在街上會(huì)碰到陌生的人。 Translation Skills Practice1.It was essential that the application forms should be sent back before the deadline.2.What the