英語(yǔ)名詞性從句詳解(經(jīng)典)

1、English grammar：Noun Clauses判斷下列是什么從句判斷下列是什么從句：1. Where he was born was unknown to us.2. I dont know where he was born.3. The unknown was where he was born.4. I dont know the fact where he was born.5. He worked where he was born.6. He worked in the city where he was born.I dont know where he was bor

2、n.He worked where he was born.辨析：賓語(yǔ)從句辨析：賓語(yǔ)從句VS狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句I dont know the fact where he was born.He worked in the city where he was born.辨析：定語(yǔ)從句辨析：定語(yǔ)從句VS同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句復(fù)合句、主句、從句的概念復(fù)合句、主句、從句的概念復(fù)合句又稱(chēng)主從復(fù)合句，由一個(gè)主句復(fù)合句又稱(chēng)主從復(fù)合句，由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成，主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成，主句為句子的主體，從句不能獨(dú)立，只能為句子的主體，從句不能獨(dú)立，只能用作句子的一個(gè)成分，如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、用作句子

3、的一個(gè)成分，如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。從句擔(dān)任哪個(gè)句子成分，這個(gè)從句就從句擔(dān)任哪個(gè)句子成分，這個(gè)從句就叫該成分的的從句。叫該成分的的從句。英語(yǔ)中的從句有：英語(yǔ)中的從句有：狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句GOGOGO狀語(yǔ)從句：狀語(yǔ)從句：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句是副詞狀語(yǔ)從句是副詞性修飾性從句性修飾性從句定語(yǔ)從句：定語(yǔ)

4、從句：限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性修飾性從句性修飾性從句名詞性從句的概念名詞性從句的概念 名詞在句子中一般可以充當(dāng)名詞在句子中一般可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。從主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。從句在語(yǔ)法功能上相當(dāng)于句在語(yǔ)法功能上相當(dāng)于名詞名詞，也，也可分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓可分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。因此，語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。因此，主語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句句統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為名詞性從句名詞性從句。 名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類(lèi)：引導(dǎo)

5、名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類(lèi)： 1連接詞連接詞 2連接代詞連接代詞 3連接副詞連接副詞GOGOGOGOGOGO連接詞連接詞： that whether if (一般僅用于賓語(yǔ)從句一般僅用于賓語(yǔ)從句) as if (用于表語(yǔ)從句用于表語(yǔ)從句) 它們不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分它們不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分連接代詞連接代詞： what whatever who whoever whom whose which連接副詞：連接副詞： when where why because how how組成的詞組如：組成的詞組如：how many,how long, how far 等等學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句的要點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句的要

6、點(diǎn)1、名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序的考查、名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序的考查2、名詞性從句的連接詞的考查、名詞性從句的連接詞的考查3、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)4、同位語(yǔ)從句的辨別和引導(dǎo)詞的選擇、同位語(yǔ)從句的辨別和引導(dǎo)詞的選擇GOGOGOGOGOGO名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序的考查名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序的考查1.What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well.2. The question is whether she is coming. 3. Could you tell me where he live

7、s?4.I had no idea whether he will come on time?名詞性從句要求使用名詞性從句要求使用陳述句語(yǔ)序陳述句語(yǔ)序，而，而不是一般疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序。不是一般疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序。注意：注意：that和和what的運(yùn)用的運(yùn)用 he wants is a book. light travels in straight lines is known to all.WhatThat The result is we won the game . That is we are looking for.thatwhat Please tell us is happening the

8、re. We should pay attention to the teacher is saying. I dont know she is coming.whatwhatthatThe news China succeeded in sending up a manned spaceship was exciting. The news he told us was exciting.thatthat注意：注意： that和和what都可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、都可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句，that在從句在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用；中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連

9、接作用；what在從句中不僅起連接作用，還在從句中不僅起連接作用，還在從句中充當(dāng)成分。在從句中充當(dāng)成分。 what一般不用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一般不用來(lái)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句。 what不能用作關(guān)系代詞，因此也不能用作關(guān)系代詞，因此也不能引導(dǎo)不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句。that的省略（的省略（1）I dont think that she is coming.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.He told me that his parents had died in the accident and that he had t

10、o make a living all by himself.( )( )thatthatthat的省略（的省略（2） That he is top in his class makes his parents very happy. Its pity that he has made such a mistake. The reason is that he is careless. The news that our basketball team won the match made us excited.Thatthatthatthat注意：注意：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中的單個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中的tha

11、t可以省略；可以省略；但用但用it作形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句、并列作形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句、并列賓語(yǔ)從句中第二個(gè)及以后賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句中第二個(gè)及以后賓語(yǔ)從句中的中的that不可以省略。不可以省略。主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中的中的that一般不可以省略。一般不可以省略。 if和和whether的運(yùn)用（的運(yùn)用（1） we will go to town tomorrow depends on the weather. The question is he should do it. The doctor cant answer the question the old m

12、an can survive the operation. Whetherwhetherwhetherif和和whether的運(yùn)用的運(yùn)用（2） I asked him he could finish the job on time. Do you know we are worried about he is safe? I dont know he could finish the job on time or not. whether / ifwhetherwhether注意注意：引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句只能用句只能用whether。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)

13、應(yīng)注意：引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意： （1）動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句可以用）動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句可以用if，也可以用也可以用whether。 （2）介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句只能用）介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句只能用whether。 （3）賓語(yǔ)從句中有）賓語(yǔ)從句中有or not時(shí)，一般時(shí)，一般用用whether。what和和which的運(yùn)用的運(yùn)用 There are so many things. I dont know I have to choose. The books are so good and useful. I dont know I have to choose.what 泛指的事物，沒(méi)有一定的范圍泛指的事物，沒(méi)有

14、一定的范圍which 特定事物中的特定事物中的“哪一個(gè)哪一個(gè)”，有有一定的范圍一定的范圍whatwhichwhy和和because運(yùn)用運(yùn)用His car broke down on the way. That was he was late. 他的車(chē)在路上拋錨了，那就是他遲到他的車(chē)在路上拋錨了，那就是他遲到的緣故。的緣故。Why did he fail in the exam? That was he was careless.why強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果；強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果；because強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。whybecausewho和和whoever的運(yùn)用的運(yùn)用 Whoever/Who breaks the la

15、w should be punished. I will give this book to whoever/who needs it.what和和whatever的運(yùn)用的運(yùn)用 We will do whatever/what we can to help you. Whatever/What he says is always reasonable.which和和whichever的運(yùn)用的運(yùn)用 You may take whichever/ which you like.注意：在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，who、what、which有疑問(wèn)意味；有疑問(wèn)意味；whoever、what

16、ever、whichever是它們的是它們的強(qiáng)勢(shì)語(yǔ)，不含有疑問(wèn)意味。如：強(qiáng)勢(shì)語(yǔ)，不含有疑問(wèn)意味。如： I dont know broke the window. I dont know I should choose.whowhat/which其他連接詞的運(yùn)用其他連接詞的運(yùn)用思考：橫線上可以填那些連接詞？思考：橫線上可以填那些連接詞？I dont know we will go.根據(jù)回答選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞：根據(jù)回答選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞：I dont know we will go. We wont.I dont know we will go. Next Sunday.whether / ifwhe

17、nI dont know we will go. The factory where his father works.I dont know we will go. By bus.howwhereI dont know we will go. To give them a hand with their work.I dont know we will go. I dont know, either.that/whetherwhy賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)He believes that his dream will come true one day.Please tell me

18、 what you think of the plan.He told me that he was preparing for the coming mid-term examination.He said that he had been away from his hometown for ten years.He asked me where I lived.The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.同位語(yǔ)從句的辨別和引導(dǎo)詞的選擇同位語(yǔ)從句的辨別和引導(dǎo)詞的選擇I dont know the

19、fact where he was born.He worked in the city where he was born.名詞性從句中名詞性從句中it的運(yùn)用的運(yùn)用 it作形式主語(yǔ)作形式主語(yǔ) it作形式賓語(yǔ)作形式賓語(yǔ)it作形式主語(yǔ)作形式主語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)會(huì)很長(zhǎng)，復(fù)合句就顯得頭重主語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)會(huì)很長(zhǎng)，復(fù)合句就顯得頭重腳輕，因此，可以把主語(yǔ)從句移到復(fù)合句腳輕，因此，可以把主語(yǔ)從句移到復(fù)合句后面，而在句首使用后面，而在句首使用it作形式主語(yǔ)。作形式主語(yǔ)。用用itit作形式主語(yǔ)的作形式主語(yǔ)的thatthat從句有以下四種不同的從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：搭配關(guān)系：It + be + adj. + that-clauseIt + be + P.P.+ that-clauseIt + be + n.+ that-clauseIt + vi + that-clauseIt + be + adj.+ that-clause It is necessary that有必要有必要 It is important that重要的是重要的是 It is obvious that很明顯很明顯It + be + P.P. + that-clause It is believed that 人們相信人們相信 It is known to all that 從所