短暫性動(dòng)詞和完成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題

1、Forpersonaluseonlyinstudyandresearch;notforcommercialuse短暫性動(dòng)詞，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)短暫性動(dòng)詞是指動(dòng)作一旦發(fā)生就立即結(jié)束。它不能和一段時(shí)間連用。這類動(dòng)詞有：go,come,arrive,leave,begin,start,join,marry等；短暫性動(dòng)詞的肯定式不能與表示一段時(shí)間的for或since或howlong等狀語連用。例如：Hisfathergotill.Ihavereceivedhisletter.但是，不可以說：Hisfathergotillforaweek.Ihavereceivedhisletterforthree

2、days.在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。例如：Wehaven'theardfromJaneforalongtime.Isupposesomethingmusthavehappenedtoher.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指動(dòng)作發(fā)生后還可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間或者相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間。如：live,work,study,learn,sleep等，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以和表示一段的時(shí)間狀語連用。值得注意的是，表示一段時(shí)間的狀語除了“for+段時(shí)間”外，還有since+n./從句（時(shí)間點(diǎn)），since+時(shí)間段+ago，疑問詞howlong，inthepast+時(shí)間段，allthese+時(shí)間段，fromt

3、o（時(shí)間點(diǎn)）以及till/until+n./句子等等。例如：Howlongyourbrotherjoinedthearmy?A.hasB.hadC.isitsinceD.wastherethat通過審題，答案B和D很容易被排除，但是稍不注意便會(huì)選中答案A；殊不知howlong為一段時(shí)間的狀語，不能與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語hasjoined連用，所以這題的正確答案是C。另外，動(dòng)詞的延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性還體現(xiàn)在這兩種句型中：延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的肯定式+till/until短暫性動(dòng)詞的否定式+till/until請(qǐng)看例句：Wewaiteduntilhecame.Ididn'tgotobeduntilmyfat

4、hercamebackhomelastnight.如果短暫性動(dòng)詞與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用，必須將短暫性動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞?，F(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：arrivebeherebegin(start)beondiebedeadcomebackbebackleavebeaway(from)fallill(sick,asleep)beill(sick,asleep)getupbeupfinishbeoveropenbeopenbein或beamemberofgooutbeoutputonwear或beonjoinclosebeclosedborrowkeepgotoschoo

5、lbeastudentbuy/gethaveknowknowstudystudycatch(acold)have(acold)begintocometoworkworkgettomovetoliveinoverfinish/endbecometobeinseatedsitdownbemarry等bemarrieddressbedressed女口：Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他參軍三年了。年了。分鐘了。Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.WehavestudiedEnglis

6、hforthreeyears.了。HowlongcanIkeepthisbook?他父親去世電影已開始十我們（開始）學(xué)英語已三年這本書我可以借多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？除了用上面的轉(zhuǎn)化形式之外，還可以用其他的表達(dá)形式：A.Itis/hasbeen+時(shí)間+since（動(dòng)詞用過去式），B.主語+謂語（過去時(shí)）+時(shí)間+ago。例如：It'sfivedayssinceIreceivedhisletter.Hisfatherdiedthreeyearsago.看一個(gè)句子可以用以下幾種說法：他離開上海已經(jīng)3天了。HeleftShanghaithreedaysago.HehasbeenawayfromShangha

7、iforthreedays.HehasbeenawayfromShanghaisincethreedaysago.Itis/hasbeenthreedayssinceheleftShanghai.ThreedayshaspassedsinceheleftShanghai.幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng):(1)havebeen(to)與havegone(to)的區(qū)別:havebeen（to）表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱；havegone（to）表示“去某地了（說話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，可能在去的路上，可能已在某地，也可能在回來的路上，總之，人不在這里。常用第三人稱作主語。，前者可與once,ne

8、ver,severaltimes等連用，后者則不能。女口：TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。注意比較下面幾組句子的意義：HehasgonetoAmercia.（他到美國(guó)去了。他不在這里）HehasbeentoAmercia.（他去過美國(guó)?，F(xiàn)已回來）HehasbeeninShanghai.（他在上海呆過?，F(xiàn)在不在上海）Hehasbeeninshanghaiforyears.（他在上海多年?，F(xiàn)在還在上海）HehastaughtEnglish.（他教過英語現(xiàn)在不教了）HehastaughtEnglishforye

9、ars.（他教英語多年了?，F(xiàn)在還在教）（2）如單純表示一段時(shí)間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時(shí)。女口：Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父親去世已有三年了。（3）終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：Ihaven'tleftheresince1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。Exercises:I. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. Mr.LibegantoteachEnglishinthisschoolin1999

10、.（同義句）Mr.LiEnglishinthisschoolsince1999.2. Thefactoryopenedtenyearsago.（同義句Thefactoryfortenyears.3. JohnleftBeijingthreeyearsago.（同義句）ThreeyearsJohnBeijing.JohnBeijingthreeyears.4. Hiscompanyopenedin2003.（同義句Hiscompanysince2003.5. Myfatherboughtthecarhalfayearago.（同義句Myfatherthecarhalfayear.6. Wegot

11、toknoweachotherforabout15years.（同義句Weeachotherabout15years.7. Thefilmbegantenminutesago.（同義句Thefilmfortenminutes.8. Iborrowedthisbooktwoweeksago.（同義句Ithisbookfortwoweeks.9. Myfathercamebackthedaybeforeyesterday.Myfatherhasfortwodays.10. Myuncleboughtthenewcartwomonthsago.Myunclehasthenewcartwomonths

12、ago.II. 用havebeen和havegone填空。1.Motherisn'there.Shetothebarber's.2. youeverabroadbefore?3. Thereyouareatlast!Whereyou?4. TomandMaryhavejustcomein.Theytoaparty.5. TomandMaryaren'there.TheytoaParty.6. MyfathertoNewYork.Heleftthismorning.7. Mymothertothesupermarketandshehastakenmybagwithher.

13、8. NoneofustoEngland.9. “I'vecometoseeTom.“Butheisnothere.Hetoyourhousetoseeyou.”10. InevertoShanghai.11. TheyoungmantoBeijing.Heisworkingtherenow.12. Thestudentstothecinematoseeafilmtoday.Nowtheyareback.13. Tomisn'tathome.Hetoschool.14. Mr.andMrs.SmithtoLondonnow.Theytheretwicealready.15. M

14、r.SmithtoBritainandFrancethisyear.Nowheistellinghisstudentsabouthistrip.16. Allthestudentstothemeetingtolistentoalecture.17. WhereisJerry?Heisn'therenow.Hetothelibrarytoborrowbooks.18. MissLinevertoChinabefore.19. Whereyou?Themeetinghasalreadybegun.20. Wherehe?Ican'tfindhimanywhere.僅供個(gè)人用于學(xué)習(xí)、研究；不得用于商業(yè)用途。Forpersonaluseonlyinstudyandresearch;notforcommercialuse.NurfurdenpersdnlichenfurStudien,Forschung,z