高中英語從句精講與練習(xí)

1、( 1)表語從句1 定義：用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。2 引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類：(1) 從屬連詞that 。 在從句中不做成分。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。The reason was that he was late for school.who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever(2) 從屬連詞whether,as,as if 。如：looked just as he had looked ten years befor

2、e. question is whether they will be able to help us. 注：從屬連詞if 一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句，但All this was over twenty years ago, but it 這 都 是 20 多 年 前 的 事 The key is whether we can solve the problem. 詞 be, seem, look ， sound 等。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before. It sounds as if someone is knocking at

3、the door. 連接代詞他看起來還與十年前一樣。問題是他們是否能幫我們。as if 卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句，如： s as if it was only yesterday.了，但宛如昨天一樣。注：能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動他看起來還與十年前一樣。在表語從句中做主語、賓語等。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her.問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。The problem is who we can ge

4、t to replace her.我想問的是誰離開了。My question is who left.連接副詞where, when, how, why 。What I wonder is when he left. 我想知道他是何時(shí)離開的。This is where they once lived.這就是他們曾經(jīng)住過的地方。That is why he didn't come here.The question is how he did it.(3) 連詞 because 可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much.

5、 我 想 這 是 因 為 你 做 得 太 多 。 It's just because he doesn't know her.That's because he didn't understand me.那是因?yàn)樗麤]有理解我.(That's because.強(qiáng)調(diào)原因)That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他對我生氣的原因。(That's why. 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)(4) 在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令”的名詞后面的表語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。 should+ 動詞原形表示，should 可省略。如：My su

6、ggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。表語測試1. The question is we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether2. The reason why he failed is he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s you left itA. where B

7、. there C. there where D. where there4. The problem is to take the place of TedA. who can we get B. what we can getC. who we can get D. that we can get5. What I want to know is he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D.不填6. The reason isI missed the bus.A. that B. when C. why D. what7

8、. That is we were late last time.A. thatB. whenC. whyD. what8. She looked she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though9. I fell sick!-I think it is you are doing too much.A. why B. when C. what D. because10. The reason why he hasn t come is .A. because his mother is ill B.because of

9、 his mother s being illC. that his mother is illD. for his mother is ill11. He was born here.- That is he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. howis Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why13 your father wants to know isgetting on with your studies.A. What; how are youB. That；

10、how you areC. How； that you areD. What； how you are14. The trouble iswe are short of tools.A. what B. that C. how D. why that15. America was was first called “ India ” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where16. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer.A. what it used

11、 to be B. what it was used to beingC. what it used to being D. what it was used to be17. he really means is he disagrees with us.A. What thatB. ThatwhatC. What whatD. Thatwhat18. The energy is makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such19. I drove to Zhuhai for the air sho

12、w last week. Is thatyou had a few days off ？A. why B .what C. when D. where20 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella I got wet through.A. It s the reason B. That s why C. There s why D. It s how21. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. wha

13、t22. - Are you still thinking about yesterday s game?- Oh, that s .A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited23. What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which 答案15: D

14、BACC610 :ACDDC1115:CBDBA1620: AACAB2123: DAA( 2)主語從句1 定義：用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。2 構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句3 引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：(1) 從屬連詞that 。 如： That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facialresemblance between them.很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。(2) 從屬連詞whether 。如：Whether he ll come here isn t clear. 他是否會來這里還不清楚。(3) 連接代詞who,

15、 whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever連接副詞where, when, how, why 。如：What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone.Whoever comes is welcome. 不論誰來都?xì)g迎。Wherever you are is my home my only home.唯一的家。解釋：1 主語從句能用it 作形式上的主語。常以itA. It+be+ 形 容 詞 (obvious, tr

16、ue, natural, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that It is certain that she will do well in her exam.It is probable that he told her everything.這事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。你所在的任何地方就是我的家 我作形式主語的句型有：surprising, good, wonderful, funny,從句。如：毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。很可能他把一切都告訴她了。B. It+be+ 名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good

17、 thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that從句。如：It s a pity that we can t go. 很遺憾我們不能去。It s no surpr ise that our team should have won the game. 我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。C. It+be+ 過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged,etc.)+that 從句。如：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.據(jù)說格

18、林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.據(jù)報(bào)道中國又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。D. It+seem, happen 等不及物動詞及短語+that 從句。如：It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不來參加晚會。It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。E. It+doesn t matter (makes no differ

19、en ce, etc.)+ 連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如：她是否來這無關(guān)緊要。我們在哪里開會毫無區(qū)別。作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。下周那位科學(xué)家將他們明天不來很要緊嗎？孩子們這么安靜真奇怪！It doesn t matter whether she will come or not.It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.F. 當(dāng) that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時(shí)，要以it如：Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?給我們

20、作報(bào)告是真的嗎？Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?G. 當(dāng)主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時(shí)，要以it 作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：How strange it is that the children are so quiet!2注意連接代詞whoever, whatever, whichever 等引導(dǎo)主語從句的含義Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who)來的人將受到歡迎。Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the

21、thing that)他所做的事情是正確的。Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who)你們當(dāng)中不論哪個(gè)進(jìn)來將會得到獎(jiǎng) 練習(xí)1. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever2. It was he said disappointed me.A. what ; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; w

22、hat3. we ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where4. he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter5. was to return to school.A. That really interested him B. What really interested himC. Which really interested him

23、D. That interest him really6. makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whateverhe made an important speech at the meeting was true.A. That B. Why C. What D. How8. we ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A IfB Whether C ThatD Where9. It worried her a bit her hair was tu

24、rning gray.A. whether B. That C. whatD. whenI say and think _ none of your business.A. is B. are C. has D have11. Does matter if he can't finish the job on time?A. this B. that C. he D. it12. It worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.A. which B. that C. if D. for13. is a fact that English i

25、s being accepted asan international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It14. what they told me really true?A. Has B. Is C. Does D. Have15. It matters little a man dies, but matters much is he lives.A. how; what; how B. how; it; howC. why; it; why D. that; what; that16. she couldn't understand

26、was fewer and fewer students showed interestin her lessons.A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that17. It is pretty well understood controls the flow of carbon dioxide in andoutthe atmosphere today.A. that B. when C. what D. how18. fashion differs from country to country may reflect

27、the culturaldifferences from one aspect.A. What B. That C. This D. Which19. -What made her parents so angry?- she had failed in the examination.A. As B. Because C. Since D. That20. we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where21. -Do you remember he came?-Yes

28、, I do. He came by car.A. how B. when C. that D. if22. It was a matter of would take the position.A. who B. whose C. whom D. whomever23. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where24. I read about it in some book or other, does it mat

29、ter it was?A. where B. what C. how D. which25. It is necessary that a college student at least a foreign language.A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master練習(xí) 1-10 D A B A B C A B B A 11-15 DBDBA 16-20 ACBDB 21-25 AAADB（ 3）賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句. 賓語從句分為三類: 動詞的賓語從句, 介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.時(shí)態(tài)：1.

30、 主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)。2. 主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。3. 主句用過去時(shí)，從句是真理時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。一、賓語從句的連接詞從屬連詞連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.that 引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句, 而 if 和 whether 引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告訴我他下一年上大學(xué).I don t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會有公交車.Nobody knew whether

31、 he could pass the exam.沒人知道他是否會通過考試.連接代詞連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever,whichever 等 .連接代詞一般指疑問, 但 what, whatever 除了指疑問外, 也可以指陳述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道誰贏了這一局紅警游戲嗎?I don t know whom you should depend on.我不知道你該依靠誰.The book will show you what the

32、 best CEOs know.這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?連接副詞連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 等 .He didn t tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面.Could you please tell me how you read the new

33、panel?你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.二、動詞的賓語從句大多數(shù)動詞都可以帶賓語從句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我們都預(yù)料他們會贏, 因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告訴我們在整個(gè)工作中, 他都會幫忙的.部分“動詞+副詞”結(jié)

34、構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能計(jì)算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎?動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句常見的這些詞有:make sure 確保 make up one s mind 下決心 keep in mind 牢記Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers bef

35、ore you turn them in.在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯(cuò)誤.可運(yùn)用形式賓語it 代替的賓語從句動詞 find,feel,consider,make,believe 等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候, 則需要用it 做形式賓語而將that 賓語從句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I haven t been to the get -together.我沒去聚會, 感覺非常遺憾.I have made it a rul

36、e that I keep diaries.我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.我們都認(rèn)為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要.有些動詞帶賓語從句時(shí)尋要在賓語與從句前加it這類動詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話.He will have it that our plan is really pr

37、actical.他會認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我們認(rèn)為你會同意我們的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.開啟發(fā)動機(jī)時(shí), 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.若賓語從句是 wh-類，則不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.

38、我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的.三、介詞的賓語從句用wh-類的介詞賓語從句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書是關(guān)于神州6 號載人航天飛船是如何升如太空的.用 that,if 引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句有時(shí)候 except,but,besides 三個(gè)介詞后可見到that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I know nothing

39、 about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班, 其他一無所知.四、形容詞的賓語從句常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我確信我會通過考試.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這么長時(shí)間在打擾你.He is glad that Li

40、 Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他.五、 if,whether 在賓語從句中的區(qū)別 if 和 whether 在作 “是否” 解時(shí) , 引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,findout 等之后 , 介詞后一般不用if 少數(shù)動詞, 如 :leave,put,discuss,doubt 后的賓語從句常用whether. whether 后可以加or not, 但是 if 不可以 . 在不定式前只能用whether.（如： I can t decide whether to stay. 我不能

41、決定是否留下。） 避免歧異時(shí), 我們常用whether 而不用 if.六、哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that當(dāng) that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時(shí);當(dāng)賓語從句較長時(shí);當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾, 賓語從句之前時(shí);當(dāng)主語謂語動詞（包括非謂語動詞）與賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí);當(dāng)一個(gè)動詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí), 此時(shí)第一個(gè)that 可以省略, 第二個(gè) that 不可以省略 ;當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that 或 this,that 做主語的定語時(shí);當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí)

42、;當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時(shí);當(dāng)主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時(shí);當(dāng)賓語從句有it 做其先行詞時(shí);在直接引語中, 轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時(shí).七、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等 ,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來, 其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.I don t think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he won t come to myparty.我認(rèn)為他不會來我的舞會.I

43、 don t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim 所殺的 , 是不是 ?如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞, 其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細(xì)聽老師講課, 是不是 ?八、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí), 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響.當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)從句用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時(shí)發(fā)生I only knew he was studyin

44、g in a western country,but I didn t know what countryhe was in.我只知道他當(dāng)時(shí)在西方的一個(gè)國家讀書, 可不知道是哪個(gè)國家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他問我他進(jìn)來的時(shí)候我是否正在讀<<老人與海>>.從句過去完成時(shí)表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會議

45、的事情告訴的了Mary.從句謂語用過去將來時(shí)表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.記者問政府是否會采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理, 那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn).當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why 等表

46、疑問時(shí), 不能按正常語序安排 , 經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?你認(rèn)為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手. 編輯本段 賓語從句（版本二）學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài)。1. 連接詞連接詞一般都是that（指事務(wù)或人）,which （指事），who （指人）1 從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that 或?qū)?that 省略，直接與主句相連。2 .從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。在whetheror not 結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用 if

47、替換。3 從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how 等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。注意：當(dāng)who為主語時(shí)，句式為：who+胃語+其他2. 判斷時(shí)態(tài)情況：1. 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句為各種時(shí)態(tài)情況。2. 主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句為各種相應(yīng)過去時(shí)態(tài)注意：從句描繪客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。eg:1. The teacher told the children that the sun round.A. was B. is C. were D. are2. I believe that our team the basketball match.A. win B. w

48、on C. will win D. wins3. I don ' t know to visit the old man.A. whether B. if C. that D. whosoldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school. ;where ;which ;which ;where答：選B,動詞reach后接賓語從句，從句缺少賓語，where不可，which引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)表疑問含義“哪一個(gè)”而此句中并非疑問含義，不知道哪一座廟宇，而是用what從句表陳述含義，意 “過去

49、的一座舊廟宇”； temple 后為對其修飾的定語從句，用關(guān)系代詞which代替，并在從句中作動詞used的賓語，use sth. as "把用作 編輯本段 賓語從句(版本三)賓語從句，在復(fù)合句中作賓語，位于及物動詞后。eg Tell him which class you are inDo you know what he likes ？注：(1) 主、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致：主句謂語過去時(shí)，從句相應(yīng)過去時(shí)；He answered that he was listening to me.主句謂語現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)任所需；eg He says (that) he will leave a mes

50、sage on my desk.They know (that) he is working hard.具體過去永不變，真理格言現(xiàn)在時(shí)；eg He told me that he was born in 1980.Father told me that practice makes perfect .( 2)否定前移，及完成反意問句在 think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等動詞后跟賓語從句否定式時(shí)，應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上去，完成反意問句時(shí)，應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致。(注 : 否定前移的條件是，主句主語是第一人稱)eg I don'

51、;t think you are right ,are you ?I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ?3）運(yùn)用虛擬語氣的情況在表示：建議suggest , advise要求 demand 、 desire 、 require 、 request 、 propose ；決定decide;命令order 、 command;堅(jiān)決主張insist;等動詞后跟賓語從句，用（should ） +v （虛擬語氣）eg I suggested that you （ should ） study hard He or

52、dered that we should go out at once（ 4）賓語從句后置情況如果賓語從句后有賓語補(bǔ)語，用it 作形式賓語，把賓語從句后置eg You may think it strange that he would live there（ 5）賓從中that 不可省略的情況賓語從句that ?？墒÷?，但在以下情況下不能省略A 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí)，可以省略第一個(gè)that ，其他不能省略。eg I believe （ that ） you have done your best and that things will get betterB 當(dāng) it

53、 作形式賓語時(shí)eg She made it clear that she had nothing to do with himC 當(dāng)賓語從句前置時(shí)eg That our team will win ， I believe 編輯本段 賓語從句（版本四）一、定義和賓從例句分析賓語從句就是一個(gè)句子作動詞或介詞的賓語。A 作動詞的賓語:I heard the news.主語謂語動詞名詞作賓語I heard that he would come here later on.主語謂語動詞一個(gè)句子作賓語- 賓語從句B 作介詞的賓語:He said nothing about the plan.主語謂語動詞代

54、詞作動詞的賓語介詞名詞作介詞的賓語He said nothing about who broke the window last night.主語謂語動詞代詞作動詞的賓語介詞一個(gè)句子作介詞的賓語二、帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句就是用連接詞把一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)賓語從句連接在一起。連接詞有：that( 可省略 ) ， what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day.賓語2 He told me (that)

55、 he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm.間接賓語直接賓語3 He told me where he was going to travel that summer.間接賓語直接賓語4 He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting.who hadn t passed the exam.when she would leave this building.why she cried last night.where she was going to study.which student was his partner in the short play.if (whether) Tom could play basketball with him that morning.how she managed to solve the problem.why water flows from a high position to a lower position.在例子 4 中， 當(dāng)主句是過去