初中英語閱讀理解命題特點(diǎn)及要求+專項(xiàng)技能

1、主要特點(diǎn)：文體多樣，題材各異，生活化，知識化。近年來，閱讀篇目題材形式有如下特征：1 .科普知識：介紹科普知識、科研動態(tài)以及科技成果的開發(fā)、特點(diǎn)、用途等等。2 .哲理短文：有理論、有事實(shí)。作者往往根據(jù)一些很普通的事實(shí)，通過嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)乃季S，縝密的推理得出一個具有普遍性或指導(dǎo)性的觀點(diǎn)。3 .新聞報道：主題突出；要點(diǎn)明顯(五個"W:when,where,who,what,which)4 .人物傳記：以記敘某個人物的生平事跡、趣聞軼事、生活背景、成長或奮斗歷程為主。5 .短篇故事：與人物傳記不同的是，這類文章一般描述的是一件具體的事情的起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果等。6 .史地文化：設(shè)計(jì)某個或幾個國家、地區(qū)

2、、河流、山脈、海洋、城鎮(zhèn)等的地理位置以及與之相關(guān)的社會生活、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、人文歷史、自然資源、文化習(xí)俗等方面的情況，相當(dāng)一部分文章還附有圖表供理解或選擇。7 .幽默小品：這類文章是對社會生活、人的性格特點(diǎn)、行為舉止的某些可笑的特征進(jìn)行戲劇性描繪的特殊文體。特別要把握文章的最后幾句，分析它們與上文的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，找出文章的幽默點(diǎn)”。8 .圖形表格：無文字表述，或只有少量的文字表述。初中要求以及題型特點(diǎn)Q1 .閱讀理解對考生的要求：新課標(biāo)規(guī)定：英語學(xué)習(xí)的目的是通過聽、說、讀、寫的訓(xùn)練，使學(xué)生獲得英語基礎(chǔ)知識和為交際運(yùn)用英語的能力，以及發(fā)展學(xué)生的思維能力和自學(xué)能力。閱讀理解要求能獨(dú)立閱讀所學(xué)的語言材料范圍內(nèi)

3、生詞率不超過2%的材料。閱讀能力是一項(xiàng)重要的語言技能，閱讀理解要求我們既要具備一定的詞匯量和語法知識，較多的語言經(jīng)驗(yàn)的積累和良好的語言感覺，又要具備一定的文化背景知識和相關(guān)的閱讀技能。2 .記敘類：考點(diǎn)：寫人與說事方面的材料閱讀理解難點(diǎn)：說事方面的材料閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)：新聞焦點(diǎn)人物或最新發(fā)生的事情3 .說明類：考點(diǎn)：說明類材料的閱讀理解難點(diǎn)：涉及地理知識的閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)：介紹最近的一些高科技產(chǎn)品發(fā)明以及介紹一些動物知識4 .議論類：考點(diǎn)：議社交文化禮儀、環(huán)保方面、談家庭、學(xué)校、國家文化教育理念、太空探索方面的閱讀理解難點(diǎn)：太空探索方面的閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)：社交文化禮儀、環(huán)境保護(hù)、文化教育理念、太空探索5

4、.應(yīng)用文：考點(diǎn)：廣告類、書信、電子郵件、便條、圖表等其他類型的應(yīng)用文閱讀理解難點(diǎn)：廣告類的應(yīng)用文熱點(diǎn)：廣告類的應(yīng)用文2 .閱讀題的題型特點(diǎn)：在中考試題中，閱讀理解舉足輕重，占卷面總分的35%,近幾年中考試題中，閱讀理解題設(shè)計(jì)的大多題型為單項(xiàng)選擇，判斷正誤，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容補(bǔ)全信息或根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容簡略回答問題。該試題類型所提供的閱讀材料一般淺于所學(xué)的課文，它要求考生通讀全文后能夠理解其內(nèi)容，然后做文章后面的題目，即從四個選項(xiàng)中選出能回答所提問題或判斷所給句子與原文內(nèi)容是否相符等題目。這一題型著重測試學(xué)生理解性閱讀的能力，通常有以下幾種類型：主題思想型。細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)型。推理判斷型猜測詞義型。判斷正誤型。3

5、.解題思路與技巧同學(xué)拿到文章后，先將其通讀12遍，注意文章開頭的句子和每段的首句，它們往往是對段落或全文意思起概括或引導(dǎo)性的句子，無論是科普性質(zhì)的說明文還是故事性的記敘文，在閱讀時，都應(yīng)積極地開動腦筋，調(diào)動大腦中儲存的有效知識和想象力，邊讀邊設(shè)想，有時會使晦澀難懂的句子變得輕松易懂，根據(jù)文章的性質(zhì)，在閱讀時還要有意識地記住關(guān)鍵的內(nèi)容和詞匯，如：人物、事情發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)、情節(jié)和結(jié)局。遇到不認(rèn)識的生詞，不要害怕或馬上查字典，要繼續(xù)讀下去，根據(jù)上下文的意思推測詞義。當(dāng)讀到文章含義不明的地方，往往是某些詞語的理解沒有銜接好，所以在閱讀時，要注意識別代詞，如this,it,one等，根據(jù)上下文判斷其指

6、代內(nèi)容，注意識別省略成分，明確省略內(nèi)容；注意識別表示并列，轉(zhuǎn)折(and,but,so,or,for),因果(because,as,sothat)等邏輯關(guān)系及相關(guān)標(biāo)志詞，如atfirst,forexample,then,atlast,inaword等，以達(dá)至U對文章篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確把握和理解。應(yīng)該先做容易的題，難題可放在后面有時間再做。選項(xiàng)完成之后，應(yīng)趁熱打鐵，把文章復(fù)讀一遍，用全文的主題思想來統(tǒng)率各個題目，并反復(fù)審核那些沒有把握的題目，爭取做到意通理順，理解無誤?？傊?，應(yīng)該學(xué)會在閱讀中多思索，多分析，既要看到文章的字面意思，也要推斷出字里行間的含義，作者的意圖，切記做題時要遵循原文，不要憑空想象

7、，夾雜個人思想。五.閱讀技巧講解1 .主旨大意題:這類題目主要是考查對作者意圖或文章意圖的理解，寫一篇文章或者陳述一個事實(shí)，或者解釋一個問題，或者論證一個道理，這種陳述“解釋“論證”就是作者的意圖，在閱讀理解中，作者意圖和文章意圖是統(tǒng)一的、一致的、不可分割的。主旨大意題可分成主題型，標(biāo)題型和目的型，主題型一目了然就是找中心(Mainidea);標(biāo)題型是為文章材料選擇標(biāo)題(Title);目的型就是推斷作者的寫作意圖(Purpose),這類題常見的命題方式有：(1) Whatisthemainidea(subject)ofthispassage?(2) Themainpointofthepassa

8、geis(3) Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?(4) Thetitlethebestexpressthethemeofthepassageis(5) Thebesttitleforthepassageis(6) Thepurposeofthewriterinwritingthispassage-1Thisstorymainlytellusabout完成題目的思路和技巧：首先對文章進(jìn)行概括，掌握文章的中心思想是英語閱讀的關(guān)鍵，所以，應(yīng)采取快速閱讀法瀏覽全文，理解文章大意，閱讀時要注意文章的開頭，結(jié)尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因?yàn)樗鼈兺?/p>

9、往包含文章的中心議題。遇到主旨大意題，首先要掌握字面信息，其次對全部信息進(jìn)行加工概括，獲取信息內(nèi)涵，得出合理主題?！镜湫屠}】例1.TheManhattan(NewYorkCity)telephonebookisoneofthelargestofitskindinthecountry.About1500000copiesofthisbookareprinted(ER刷)eachyear.Tomakethepaperofthebooks,4,3000treesarecutdown.Therearetwenty-sixcolumns(欄目)ofSmithsandtwenty-threeofBrow

10、ns.Ifallthecopiesofthisbookwerestackedontopofeachother,theywouldmakeapilefortymileshigh.Thesubjectoftheparagraphis.A. whattheManhattanphonebookislike.B. wheretheManhattantelephonebookisprinted.C. howmanytelephonesthereareinNewYork.D. SmithandBrownarethemostpopularnamesinNewYork.例2.Onemorninganoldman

11、lefthishousewithsixdonkeys.Afteratime,hegottired,sohegotononeofthedonkeys.Hecountedthedonkeys,andthereareonlyfive.Sohegotoffthedonkey,andwenttolookforthesixth,helookedandlooked,buthecouldn'tfindit,sohewentbacktothedonkeysagain,andtheystarted.Afterafewmiuntes,hecountedthedonkeysagain,andagainther

12、ewereonlyfive!Hecouldn'tunderstand.Justthenafriendpassedhim.Theoldmansaidtohim,“Ileftmyhothseiwdonkeys.ThenIhadfive,thenIhadsixagain,andnowIhaveonlyfive!Look!One,two,three,four,five.”“Butsaidhisfriend,“youittiiragonadonkey,too.Thisisthesixth.Andyouaretheseventh!"Themainideaofthepassageistha

13、t.A. sometimespeoplemakefoolishmistakesB. peoplearecleverthandonkeysC. oldpeoplearenotcleverasyoungpeopleD. donkeysarefoolishanimals.例3.Smallchildrenoftenlaughatlameorblindpersonorsomeoneinbadclothes.Butastheygrowup,theylearnnottohurtpeople'feelingsbylaughingattheirproblems.Theylearntolaughatthe

14、mselves.Forexample,youmakeamistakeandlostinafootballmatch.Doyoubecomeangry?Orcanyoulaughatyourselfandhopetodobetternexttime?Ifyoucan,it'sagoodsignyouvereallygrowup.Thetextismostlyabout.A. whylaughisgoodforyourbodyB. whatyoushouldlaughatC. whereyoumaylaughD. howyoucanlaughatyourself【鞏固練習(xí)】閱讀理解：(A)

15、Manypeoplebelievethatbatsareblind.Weoftenhearthesaying“Blindasbats."Bcanfindtheirwayaroundverywell,becausetheycanseewiththeirears.Thisisnotfunnyasitseems.Mostbatsmakeahighsound.Itissohighthatwecannothearwithoutears.Theyscreechwhentheymovearound,andtheechoesofthesecriescomebacktotheirears.Inthis

16、waytheycantellwherethingsare.Batsgoouttoeatatnight.Inthedaytimetheyhangclosetogetherintheircaves,treesorotherdarkplaces.Wheneveningcomes,theyflyouttolookforfood.Inthemorningtheycomebackhometorestuntilthenexteveningcomes.Batsareveryusefulanimals.Theyhaveinsectsforfood,andtheykillalotofinsectseveryyea

17、r.1. ThebesttitleofthepassageisA. ”HowPeopleLooksatBats”B. "HowBatsLookforFood”C. "HowBatsSeeThings”D. “Bats”2. Themainideaofthefirstparagraphis.A. howpeoplelookatbatsB. howbatsfindthingsC. howbatsfindfoodD. howbatseatinsect3. ThemainideaofsecondparagraphisA. whenbatsgotolookforfoodB. howb

18、atseatforfoodC. whatbatseatforfoodD. whybatsgooutatnight(B)AStrangeWayofSendingAMessageSomepeopledon'tneedamailboxtosendamessage.Theyuseabottleinstead.Herearetwostoriesaboutpeoplewhosentamessageinabottle.Bothofthemaretrue.In1956,asailorfromSwedenwasonaship.Hewrotealetter,askingotherstowritetohim

19、.Heputtheletterinabottleandthrewthebottleintothesea.Twoyearslater,amanfoundthebottleonabeachinItaly.Hereadtheletterandshowedittohisdaughter.Shewas18.Asajoke,shewrotetothesailor.Theybegantowritetoeachother.Inafewmonths,theyweremarried.Hereisthesecondstory.Backin1924,aboyfromArkansaswrotehisnameontheb

20、ackofhispicture.Heputthepictureinabottleandthrewthebottleintoariver.Thebottlewasnotfoundformanyyears.ThenonedayamannamedBillpickedituponabeachinFlorida.Hepulledthepictureoutofthebottleandlookedatit.Hecouldhardlybelievehiseyes.Theboyinthepicturewashisoldfriend,Tom,fromArkansas,BillhadnotseenTomfor25y

21、ears.Somehowthebottlehadcometotherightplace.8. Whatisthemainideaofthewholestory?A. Sailingonaship.B. Sendingamessageinabottle.C. SendingamessagetoItaly.D. Howtosendamessage.(C)5Thepopulationoftheearthisbecominglargerandlarger.Therearenowmorethan5000millionpeopleontheearth.Bytheyear2000,therewillbeov

22、er1000millionpeoplemore.Wherewillallthesemillionslive?Morehouses,blocksofflatsandskyscrapers（摩天大樓）willhavetobebuilt.Soonnonewhousewillbeabletohaveagarden.Manwillhavetobuildhousesunderthesea.Bythetwenty-firstcenturymanymenwillprobablytoliveonotherplanets（行星）iflifeisfoundtobepossiblethere.Scientistsar

23、ealreadyworkingonthispossibility.Thentherewillberegularflights（定期飛行）inspaceshipsfromtheearthtotheseplanets.9. Thebesttitleforthepassageis.A. HousingproblemintheTwentyfirstcenturyB. ThelargepopulationontheEarthC. SpaceshipsintheFutureD.HousesareNeeded2.文章細(xì)節(jié)題題型分析：細(xì)節(jié)是用來進(jìn)一步解釋或表達(dá)主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想的，所以閱讀一篇文章必須弄清細(xì)節(jié)

24、問題，這也是歸納、概括全文中心思想的基本。細(xì)節(jié)題可以出現(xiàn)在各種文體中，就記敘文和描寫文而言，細(xì)節(jié)題可以是針對某個情節(jié)中的一些細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行提問，就議論文和說明文而言，往往運(yùn)用一些細(xì)節(jié)來說明主題或支持作者的觀點(diǎn)，這些細(xì)節(jié)可能是一些事例，數(shù)字等。細(xì)節(jié)題的特點(diǎn)：學(xué)生往往可以通過題干的提示在文章中找到對應(yīng)的句子，但有時題干的句子與文章中的句子在用詞，語法結(jié)構(gòu)等方面有所不同。因此，必須深入了解文章的細(xì)微之處，包括文章中的句子與句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系等。解題思路與技巧：做這種題目時需先通讀全文，對整篇故事有個大體了解，再仔細(xì)閱讀題干，明確題目要求。在明確試題要求之后，可先將備選各項(xiàng)過目，然后在短文中尋找相關(guān)信息，根

25、據(jù)我們通讀全文時對某些細(xì)節(jié)的印象，尋找解題的相關(guān)依據(jù)。將所選答案的選項(xiàng)連同題干一氣呵成讀一遍，在短文中得到驗(yàn)證，做這種具體事實(shí)認(rèn)定題目，重點(diǎn)在于對文段中相關(guān)事實(shí)的掌握。典型題例（一）EverysummermanypeopletrytoswimfromEnglandtoFranceorfromFrancetoEngland.Thedistanceatthenearestpointisonlyabouttwentymiles,butbecauseofthestrongtide,thedistancethatmustbeswimisusuallymorethantwiceasfar.Thefirst

26、mantosucceedinswimmingthechannelwasCaptainWebb,anEnglishman.ThatwasinAugust,1975.HelandedinFrance21hoursand45minutesafterenteringthewateratDover.Sincethentherehavebeenmanysuccessfulswimmersandthetimehasbeenshortened,OneFrenchswimmercrossedin11hoursand5minutes.AgreatnumberofEgytianswimmershavebeensuc

27、cessfulin1960Canadiancrossedin10hoursand23minutesthusmakinganewrecord.Thosewhowanttocrossthechannelmustbeableswim.A.morethan40milesB.about20milesC.60milesorsoD.asfaraspossible（二）Wespentadayinthecountryandpickedalotofflowers.Ourcarwasfullofflowersinside.Onthewayhomewehadtostoptrafficlights,andthenmyw

28、ifesawthebookshelf.Itstoodoutsideafurnitureshop"Buyt"shesaidatonce."Wdcarryithomeontheroof-rack.I'vealwayswantedonelikethat.”WhatcouldIdo?Tenminuteslater,Iwastwentydollarspoorer,andthebookshelfwastiedintotheroof-rack.Itwastallandnarrow,quiteheavytoo.Asitwasgettingdarker.Idrovevery

29、slowly.Otherdriversseemedmorepolitethanusualthatevening.Thepoliceevenstopthetraffictoletusthrough.Carryingfurniturewasagood6idea.Afteratimemywifesaid,“There'slonglineofcarsbehind.Whydon'ttheyovertake?Justatthattimeapolicecardidovertake.Thetwoofficersinsidelookedatusseriouslywhentheywentpast.

30、Butthenwithakindsmiletheyaskedustofollowtheircarthroughthebusytraffic.Thepolicecarstoppedatourvillagechurch.Oneoftheofficerscametome.“Right,sir,"hesaid,“Doyouneedanyhelp?"Ididn'tquiteunderstand,“Thanks,officer."Isaid,"You'vebeenverykind.Ilivejustdtheroad.”Hewaslookingatou

31、rthings:firstattheflowers,thenatthebookshelf"Well,wellandlaughed.It'sabookshelfyou'vegotthen.Wethourghoitiwhngelse?一Mywifebegantolaugh.SuddenlyIunderstoodwhythepolicedrovehere.Ismiledattheoffice."Yes,it'sabookshelf,butthanksagain."IdrovehomeasfastasIcould.Fromthestorywekno

32、wthatA. thewriterwaspooranddidn'tbuythebookshelfforhiswife.B. thewriter'swifedidn'tliketfiatbxNoksheC. thewriterwasalwaysgladtobuysomethingforhiswife.D. thewriterwasnotverygladtobuythebookshelfforhiswife.（三）TomandFredaretalkingabouttheyear2010.“Whatwillourworldbelikeintheyear2010?”askTom

33、."Idon'tknow."saysFredyouthink?”“Intheyear2010willcarryapocketcomputer.Thecomputerwillgivepeopletheanswertoalltheir-problems.Weshallallhavetelephones,inourpockets,too,andwe'llbeabletotalktoourfriendsallovertheworld.Perhapswellbeabletoseethematthesametime.Alotofpeoplewillliveandwork

34、underthesea.Perhapstherewillbebigtowns,factories,andfarmsunderthesea,too.”“Machineswilldomostofthework,andsopeoplewillhavemoreholidays.Perhapstheyworkonlytwoorthreedaysaweek.They'llbeabletothemoonbyspaceshipandspendtheirholidaysthere.”"I'mlookingforwardtotheyear2010.Ihopetothemoon.”“And

35、IhopeI'llbeabletoliveunderthesea."saysFred,"Won'tthatbeveryinterestiJustlikeafish!”1. MachineswilldoA. mostoftheworkinsteadofB. someoftheworkinsteadC. asmuchworkaspossibleD. aslittleaspossible2. FredsaysA. helikesfishB. helikestoeatfishC. helookslikeafishD. hewishestoliveunderthese

36、ajustlikeafish鞏固試題AWillitmatterifyoudon'ttakeyourbreakfast?Ashorttimeago,atestwasgivenintheUnitedStates.Peopleofdifferentages,from12to83,wereaskedtohaveatest.Duringthetest,thesepeopleweregivenallkindsofbreakfasts,andsometimestheygotnobreakfastsatall.Scientistswantedtoseehowwelltheirbodiesworkedw

37、hentheyhadeatendifferentkindsofbreakfasts.Theresultsshowthatifapersoneatsarightbreakfast,heorshewillworkbetterthanifheorshehasnobreakfast.Ifastudenthasfruit,eggs,breadandmilkbeforegoingtoschool,hewilllearnmorequicklyandlistenmorecarefullyinclass.7Theresultisoppositetowhatsomepeoplethink.Havingnobrea

38、kfastwillnothelploseweight.Thisisbecausepeoplebecomesohungryatnoonthattheyeattoomuchforlunch.Theywillputonweightinsteadoflosingit.Youwilllosemoreweightifyoureduceyourothermeals.WhichofthefollowingisNOTright?A. ItisbadforyourhealthtohavenobreakfastB. Toolittleforbreakfastandtoomuchforlunchmaymakeyouf

39、atter.C. Ifyoudon'teatmuchforlunchandsupper,youmayloseweight.D. Themorebreakfastyouhave,themorequicklyyou'lllearninclass.BMr.BakerinTroubleMrs.Baker'ssisterwasill.ShehadsomeonetolookafterherfromMondaytoFriday,butnotattheweekend,soeveryFridayeveningMrs.Bakerusedtogoofftospendtheweekendwit

40、hheratherhomeinneighboring（鄰近的）town.ButasMr.Bakercouldnotcook,shehadaskedhissistertocomeoverandspendtheweekendlookingafterhimattheirhome.ThismeantthatMr.BakerhadquiteabusytimewhenhecamehomefromworkonFridayevening.Firsthehadtodrivehomefromtherailwaysstation.Thenhehadtodrivehiswifetothestationtocatchh

41、ertrain,andthenhehadtowaituntilhissisterstrainarrived,soastotaktohishouse.Ofcourse,onSundayeveninghehadtodrivehissistertothestationtocatchhertrainbackhome,andthenwaitforhiswife'strain,soasbringherhome.OneSundayeveninghehadseenhissisteroffonhertrainandwaswaitingforhiswifearrivalwhenaporter,whohad

42、oftenseenhimatthestation,cameoverandspoketohim.“Youarehavingalotoffun（開心）,"hesaid,“Butonedayoneofthosewomenisgoingtocatchyouwiththeother,andthenyouwillbeinrealtrouble!"1. HowdidMr.Bakergettowork?A.Bybusandtrain.B.BytrainC.Bycarandtrain.D.Bycar.2. Mr.Bakerdidnothavetogototherailwaystation.A

43、. onweekdayB.onweekendsC.onSundayD.onSaturdayCManyteenagers（青少年）feelthatthemostimportantpeopleintheirlivesaretheirfriends.Theybelievethattheirfamilymembers,andinparticular（尤其是）theirparents,don'knowthemaswellastheirfriendsdo.Inlargefamilies,itisquiteoftenforbrothersandsisterstofightwitheachothera

44、ndthentheycanonlygototheirfriendsforadvice.Itisveryimportantforteenagerstohaveonegoodfriendoracircleoffriends.Evenwhentheyarenotwiththeirfriends,theyusuallyspendalotoftimetalkingamongthemselvesonthephone.Thiscommunication（交際）isveryimportantinchildreningup,becawsefriendscandiscusssomethingdifficultto

45、saytotheirfamilymembers.However,parentsoftentrytochoosetheirchildren'sfriendsforthem.Someparentsmayevenstoptheirchildrenfrommeetingtheirgoodfriends.Thequestionof“choice"isaninterestingone.Haveyoueverthoughtofthefollowingquestions?Whochoosesyourfriends?Doyouchooseyourfriendsoryourfriendschoo

46、seyou?Haveyougotagoodfriendyourparentsdon'tlike?Youranswersarewelcome.Whenteenagersstayalone,theusualwayofcommunicationis.A.togototheirfriendsB. totalkwiththeirparentsC. tohaveadiscussionwiththeirfamilybyphone8D. totalkwiththeirfriendsonthephone3.推理判斷題：題型分析：閱讀理解題考查學(xué)生多項(xiàng)技能中非常重要的一項(xiàng)就是做出簡單判斷”和推測”，這類推

47、斷往往包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)推斷，常識推斷以及作者寫作目的、態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷。這類題要求學(xué)生能夠根據(jù)文章提供的具體事實(shí)，經(jīng)過思考分析，概括出文章的中心思想，或推斷出文章中沒有具體加以闡述的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論。解題思想與技巧：做這類題時，首先要在原文找到據(jù)以推理的相關(guān)文字部分，找與事實(shí)有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)，要加以分析，找出線索，還要悟出字里行間的意思。理解這種需要分析和判斷的題目，尤其要在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，對已有信息細(xì)致處理，認(rèn)真比較和分析，不要被似是而非的題目擾亂自己的視線，不要依靠人具有的感覺來判斷，而是要根據(jù)短文中提供的相關(guān)信息，反復(fù)比較，才能做出合乎邏輯的判斷。【典型例題】（一）Thecomputerisfas

48、tandnevermakesamistake.Unlessitbreaksdown,whilepeoplearetooslow,andmakemistakessometimes.That'vshatpeopleoftensaywhentheytalkaboutcomputers.Foroveraquarterofcentury,engineershavebeenmakingbetterandbettercomputers.Nowacomputercandoalotofeverydayjobswonderfully.Itiswidelyusedinfactories,hospitalse

49、veryfield.Manycomputerscientistsarenowthinkingofmakingthecomputer“think“l(fā)ikeaman.Withthehelpofaperson,acomputercandrawpictures,writemusic,talkwithpeople,playchess,recognizevoices,translatelanguagesandsoon.Perhapscomputerswillonedayreallythinkandfeel.Doyouthinkthepeoplewillbeafraidwhentheyfindthatthe

50、computeristooclevertolistentoandservethepeople.AcomputerseemstobeabletothinklikeamanwhenitA. isdoingeverythingB. decidesifanythingisrightorwrongC. isusedinabankD. istalkingwithpeople（二）Aliftiswonderful.Itisreallyonlyasmallroom.Roomsusuallystayinoneplace.Liftstravelupanddownalldaylong.Sometimesaworke

51、rstandsinthelift.Heorsheoperatesitupanddown.Inmodernliftsthereisnoworker.Thepeoplewalkin.Theyknowwhatfloortheywant.Theypushabuttonandtheliftgoestothatfloor.Itisallveryfastandeasy.Liftareveryimportanttous.Why?Thinkaboutatallbuilding.Maybeithastwentyfloors.Maybeithasfiftyormore,whocanwalkupallthestair

52、s?Maybepeoplecanclimbthemonetime.Cansomeoneclimbthirtyfloorstoanofficeeveryday?Cansmallchildrenwalkuptotheirroomonthetwentyfourthfloor?Cantheirmotherandfathercarryfoodupallthosestairs?Ofcoursenot.Wecanhavehighbuildingsbecausewehavelifts.Wecouldnothaveallthebeautifultallbuildingsintheworldwithoutlift

53、s.Theyarereallywonderful.Whydopeoplehavetouselifts?Because.A. theyhavetallbuildingsB. theycan'twalkupanddownC. oldpeopleandchildrenneedthemD. liftsarewonderful鞏固練習(xí)AItwaswinter,andMrs.Greenwantedtodoalotofshopping.SoshewaiteduntilitwasSaturdaywhenherhusbandwasfree.Andshetookhimtotheshopswithher.S

54、hewantedhimtopayforeverythingandtocarryherparcels.Theywenttoalotofshops,andMrs.Greenboughtalotofthings.Sheoftenstoppedandsaid,“Look,John!Isn'tthatbeautiful?"Mr.Greenthenanswered,“Allright,dear.Howmuchisit?”andtookhismoneyouttopayforit.Itwasdarkwhentheycameoutofthelastshop,andMr.Greenwastire

55、d.Hewasthinkingaboutotherthings.Hewantedtohaveadrinkbythesideofawarmfireathome.Suddenlyhiswifelookedupattheskyandsaid,“Lookatthebeautifulmoon.John!"Withouthesitation,Mr.Greenanswered,“Allright,dear.Howmuchisit?"1. Mr.Green.A. wasverycarefulaboutshoppingB. wasverygoodatshoppingC. didn't

56、caresomuchaboutshongD. enjoyedshoppingwithhiswife2. WhichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTtrue?A. Mr.Greenoftentookoutmoneytopayforsomething.B. Mr.Greenoftenanswered,“Yes,dear.Howmuchisit?"C. Mr.GreenwenttomanyshopswithMrs.Green.D. Mr.Greensometimessaid,“Oh,dear,Idon'tlikethatcoat.”BMr.Whitemove

57、dtoanothertownandsoonneededanewdoctor,sohewenttoseeone.Hesatdowninthewaitingroomandlookedaround.Thedoctor學(xué)歷證書egwere(onthewall.SuddenlyMr.Whiteremembered:therehadbeenaclassmatewiththesamenameinhisclassattheschool,andhebecameadoctor!Ashewentintoseethedoctor,herememberedayoung,handsomestudent.Buthewass

58、adtoseehowoldandheavyandgreythismanlooked.Hesaidtohim,“Goodmorning,doctor.DidyougotoKingHighSchool?”Thedoctoranswered,“Yes,Idid.”"Wereyoutherefrom1942to1946?”Mr.Whiteasked.“Yes,Iwas,“thedoctoranswered,“Howdoyouknow?"Mr.Whitelaughedandsaid."iYonycfeaes!""Oh?'thedoctorsaidandlookedathimcarefullyforafewmoments."Whatwereyouteaching?"Wholookedolder?A. Thedoctorlookedolder.B. Mr.Whitelookedasoldasthedoctor.C. Mr.Whitedidn'tlooksasoldasthedoctor.D. Mr.Whitelookedolder.10GMGMylittledogcan'treadMrs.Bro