2012年四川大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及參考答案

1、2012年四川大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題及參考答案Passage oneThere are people in Italy who cant stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours w

2、atching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you its a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because theres the sport th

3、at glorifies “the hit”.        By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.      On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, closeups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate t

4、he game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV wont do it for you.        Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind

5、the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his t

6、oes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first basemans position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”   

7、60;   The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the b

8、at, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chores and responses.       1. The passage is mainly concerned with .        A. the different tastes of people f

9、or sports        B. the different characteristics of sports        C. the attraction of football        D. the attraction of baseball        2. Those who dont like baseball may complain that .       

10、A. it is only to the taste of the old        B. it involves fewer players than football        C. it is not exciting enough        D. it is pretentious and looks funny        3. The author admits that .  &

11、#160;     A. baseball is too peaceful for the young        B. baseball may seem boring when watched on TV        C. football is more attracting than baseball        D. baseball is more interesting than football   &#

12、160;    4. By stating “I could have had my eyes closed. ” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence):        A. The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game.        B. Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could ma

13、ke no different to the result.        C. The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well.        D. The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it.       5. W

14、e can safely conclude that the author .        A. likes footballB. hates football        C. hates baseballD. likes baseball      Vocabulary        1. dugout n.棒球場(chǎng)邊供球員休息的地方        2. pitcher n.投手 

15、       3. symphony n.交響樂(lè)        4. chamber n.室內(nèi)        5. contemplate vt.沉思，注視        長(zhǎng)難句解析        【解析】此句的主干是“Baseballmeanswatching”，其中“in funny tight outfits”用來(lái)修飾“grown men”,“standing”和“staring”

16、用來(lái)做“grown men”的定語(yǔ)。        【譯文】對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)，棒球就是在無(wú)聊的幾個(gè)小時(shí)中幾個(gè)身著緊身衣的大人佇立在場(chǎng)地周?chē)鷽](méi)事可做地東張西望。        【解析】這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，“goes up”，“flexes”“takes”，“glances”做“the third baseman”的并列謂語(yǔ)。        【譯文】但每當(dāng)投球手?jǐn)S出球的那一瞬間，你再看吧，三壘運(yùn)動(dòng)員腳尖點(diǎn)地，屈臂或把接球手套直指前方，左右移動(dòng)步伐，或前或后，或許他還要越過(guò)場(chǎng)地盯著一壘球手

17、的動(dòng)作。        答案與詳解        【短文大意】本文主要講述壘球的特征及欣賞。        1. D主旨題。文章第一段簡(jiǎn)述了人們對(duì)壘球所持的偏見(jiàn)認(rèn)為它毫無(wú)活力、從容和緩，不像橄欖球那樣高潮迭起、令人激動(dòng)。文章的第二、三、四、五段探討了壘球的根本特征及欣賞角度，文章的最后一句話用一個(gè)比喻概括了壘球的魅力：“如果橄欖球是一曲交響樂(lè)的話，那么，壘球中所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)恰似一曲優(yōu)美的室內(nèi)樂(lè)。”可見(jiàn)，本文主要探討的是壘球的特點(diǎn)及其欣賞。 A不對(duì)，第一段

18、也確實(shí)提到了不同觀眾對(duì)不同運(yùn)動(dòng)形式的偏好，但這只是用以引出對(duì)壘球的特征及欣賞的討論。        2. C細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段指出：許多人不喜歡壘球，一提起壘球這些人就打哈欠甚至皺眉頭。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，看壘球意味著眼巴巴地觀望著身著運(yùn)動(dòng)裝(outfit)的人呆立在球場(chǎng)上，東瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么(激動(dòng)人心的)事發(fā)生沒(méi)意思透了。他們認(rèn)為這樣的運(yùn)動(dòng)更適合上個(gè)世紀(jì)的人的口味，不像橄欖球那樣充滿活力。 A意為：“它只適合老年人的口味?！弊⒁猓涸恼f(shuō)的是適合上個(gè)世紀(jì)的人的口味，二者意味不一樣。 D意為：“它矯揉造作、滑稽可笑?！边@與說(shuō)它gentlemanly(具有紳士

19、風(fēng)度，矜持，即：沒(méi)有沖撞或拼搶)不一樣。        3. B推斷題。第三段指出，在電視上，壘球運(yùn)動(dòng)被切換成不同角度的畫(huà)面，而且不斷地使用重放、特寫(xiě)等電視制作技術(shù)，這破壞了該運(yùn)動(dòng)的整體運(yùn)動(dòng)感，使觀眾無(wú)法將自己投入(project)到運(yùn)動(dòng)中去，以體會(huì)到這種寓動(dòng)于靜的運(yùn)動(dòng)之美。電視做不到這一點(diǎn)(The TV wont do it for you)，因此，電視上的壘球比賽看上去(seems)孤孤單單、冷冷清清、沉沉靜靜、慢慢騰騰。C、D不對(duì)，作者僅指出了不同運(yùn)動(dòng)有不同運(yùn)動(dòng)的特征，并未說(shuō)哪種運(yùn)動(dòng)優(yōu)于哪種。參閱文章最后一句。     

20、;   4. B推斷題。第四段整個(gè)都在描述壘球場(chǎng)上的一個(gè)場(chǎng)景：拿三壘的運(yùn)動(dòng)員假設(shè)對(duì)方全投出好球，作好了一切準(zhǔn)備，但是對(duì)方投出的并不是好球。所以在那時(shí)候他的準(zhǔn)備做不做都不會(huì)影響比賽結(jié)果。他說(shuō)本來(lái)可以閉上眼睛，意思就是B項(xiàng)所寫(xiě)的。A、C、D都不符合作者的意圖。這道題需要完整地了解第四段內(nèi)容才能作好選擇。        5. D推斷題。在本文中，作者主要探討了壘球的特征及欣賞，作者著重指出的是：只有根據(jù)壘球的特征來(lái)欣賞它，才能體會(huì)到它的魅力。在他看來(lái)，觀察到壘球比賽中運(yùn)動(dòng)員的各種動(dòng)作、壘球位之間的關(guān)系等是欣賞它的關(guān)鍵(第三段第二句)。只有從整體來(lái)把握

21、它，才能看到每一個(gè)小的動(dòng)作、每一個(gè)眼神乃至于“靜止”的意義，也只有這樣，才能全身心地投入比賽中，欣賞到它的魅力?？梢?jiàn)，作者對(duì)壘球有很深的理解而且非常喜愛(ài)壘球。主要參考第三、四、五段。Among the more colorful characters of Leadvilles golden age were H.A.W.Tabor and his second wife,Elizabeth McCourt,better known as “Baby Doe”.Their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the Old West.H

22、orace Austin Warner Tabor was a school teacher in Vermont.With his first wife and two children he left Vermont by covered wagon in 1855 to homestead in Kansas.Perhaps he did not find farming to his liking,or perhaps he was lured by rumors of fortunes to be made in Colorado mines.At any rate,a few ye

23、ars later he moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch,which he later renamed Leadville when he became its leading citizen. “Great deposits of lead are sure to be found here.”he said.       As it turned out,it was silver,not lead,that was to make Lead

24、villes fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about mining himself,so he opened a general store,which sold everything from boots to salt,flour,and tobacco.It was his custom to “grubstake” prospective miners,in other words,to supply them with food and supplies,or “grub”, while they looked for ore,in r

25、eturn for which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered.He did this for a number of years,but no one that he aided ever found anything of value.        Finally one day in the year 1878,so the story goes,two miners came in and asked for “grub”. Tabor had decided to

26、quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way.These were persistent, however,and Tabor was too busy to argue with them. “Oh help yourself.One more time wont make any difference,” He said and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers.the two miners took $17 worth of supplies,i

27、n return for which they gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings.They picked a barren place on the mountainside and began to dig.After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver.Tabor bought the shares of the other two men,and so the mine belonged to him alone.This mine,known as the “Pitts

28、burgh Mine,” made 1 300 000 for Tabor in return for his $17 investment.        Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for $117 000.This turned out to be even more fabulous than the Pittsburgh,yielding $35 000 worth of silver per day

29、 at one time.Leadville grew.Tabor became its first mayor,and later became lieutenant governor of the state.        1.Leadville got its name for the following reasons EXCEPT.        A.because Tabor became its leading citizen       

30、 B.because great deposits of lead is expected to be found there        C.because it could bring good fortune to Tabor        D.because it was renamed        2.The word “grubstake” in paragraph 2 means.        A.to supply

31、 miners with food and supplies        B.to open a general store        C.to do ones contribution to the development of the mine        D.to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine,if one was discovered

32、0;       3.Tabor made his first fortune.        A.by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a one-third interest in the findings        B.because he was persuaded by the two miners to quit supplying        C.b

33、y buying the shares of the other        D.as a land speculator        4. The underlying reason for Tabors life career is.        A. purely accidental        B. based on the analysis of miners being very poor and their po

34、ssibility of discovering profitable mining site        C. through the help from his second wife        D. he planned well and accomplished targets step by step        5.If this passage is the first part of an article,who might be

35、introduced in the following part?        A.Tabors life.        B.Tabors second wife,Elizabeth McCourt.        C.Other colorful characters.        D.Tabors other careers.       Vocabulary   

36、    1.barren adj. 貧瘠的        2.fabulous adj. 神話般的，難以置信的        3.lure vt.誘惑，引誘        4.deposit n.沉淀，儲(chǔ)蓄        5.grubstake v.下注        長(zhǎng)難句解析        【解析】“It”是形式主

37、語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是“to”后面的句子，“while”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。        【譯文】他的通常做法是對(duì)來(lái)采礦的人“下注”，說(shuō)得更明確一點(diǎn)就是泰勃供給這些人食品、用品等物品，作為回報(bào)，當(dāng)他們采到礦后就會(huì)分給他一部分股份。       答案與詳解        【短文大意】本文主要講述霍塞斯·奧斯汀·沃納·泰勃發(fā)家的故事。        1. C細(xì)節(jié)題。因?yàn)長(zhǎng)eadville可以為T(mén)abor帶來(lái)巨富。這一

38、點(diǎn)不是Leadville得名的原因，因?yàn)樵谖恼碌诙沃?，講到這一點(diǎn)時(shí)，提及三個(gè)原因：A.因?yàn)門(mén)abor成為當(dāng)?shù)氐木用翊砣宋?，B.因?yàn)樵贚eadville有豐富的鉛的儲(chǔ)藏量。D.因?yàn)長(zhǎng)eadville是因?yàn)門(mén)abor重要而起的名，唯獨(dú)C沒(méi)有，因?yàn)榈胶髞?lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)是銀礦才給他帶來(lái)巨富。        2. D詞匯題。第二段中g(shù)rubstake的詞義與D所述內(nèi)容是相同的，即“供給探礦者資金，衣物，食品以及其他物品”。(可參閱英華大辭典修訂第二版64頁(yè))但此處還補(bǔ)充地講，作為回報(bào)，供給者可以獲得礦中資源一定份額。(見(jiàn)文章第二段第4行)    &#

39、160;   3. A細(xì)節(jié)題。Tabor第一次真正發(fā)財(cái)是他為兩名礦工提供資助，為此他獲得他們礦資源三分之一的股份。見(jiàn)文章第三段4-9行內(nèi)容：兩名開(kāi)礦者從Tabor那兒借走價(jià)值17美元的物品，作為回報(bào)，Tabor獲得他們礦資源三分之一股份。于是兩位開(kāi)礦者在一座山旁的不毛之地開(kāi)始挖掘，九天之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)了銀的富礦，于是Tabor又將兩人的股份全買(mǎi)下，這樣，銀礦屬于Tabor一個(gè)人所有，這個(gè)礦就是后來(lái)著名的“匹茲堡”礦。Tabor用17美元的投資換來(lái)了130萬(wàn)美元的收獲。        4. B推斷題。由原文可知泰勃的財(cái)產(chǎn)來(lái)源是有一定偶然性的，但是畢竟也

40、是基于他開(kāi)創(chuàng)的“grubstake”模式，因?yàn)锳、D都不對(duì)，C更是沒(méi)有根據(jù)，因?yàn)樗€沒(méi)有娶第二位夫人這一切就發(fā)生了。分析泰勃的做法，會(huì)得出B選項(xiàng)所示的結(jié)論。        5. B推斷題。如果本文是一篇文章的第一部分，那么在文章的第二部分將介紹誰(shuí)呢?key可以從文章第一句分析出來(lái)，在Leadville的黃金年代，其多彩的特點(diǎn)當(dāng)中，Tabor及其第二任妻子Elizabeth McCourt是值得大書(shū)特書(shū)的，接著，文章都在講述有關(guān)H.A.W.Tabor發(fā)家致富的歷史，如先買(mǎi)下匹茲堡礦，后又買(mǎi)下Matchless礦，最后成為市長(zhǎng)，代理州長(zhǎng)，等等，所以涉及到的全

41、是男主人公，因此下邊再講的話，應(yīng)成為女主人公即Elizabeth McCourt的天地了，她是Tabor的第二任妻子。這是順理成章的事2013四川大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)真題完形填空Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmers piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarte

42、r than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer， that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence， it 5， is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep， burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learninga 7 p

43、rocessinstead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn， and one of the things theyve apparently learned is when to 8 。Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence？ Thats the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species weve lef

44、t in the dust I.Q.-wise， it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal Ive ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner， 14 ， is ru

45、nning a small cale study in operant conditioning. We believe that 15 animals ran the labs， they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience， our faithfulness， our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 ， not merely how much of it there is. 18 ， they

46、would hope to study a 19 question： Are humans actually aware of the world they live in？ 20 the results are inconclusive.1. A SupposeB ConsiderC ObserveD Imagine2. A tendedB fearedC happenedD threatened3. A thinnerB stablerC lighterD dimmer4. A tendencyB advantageC inclinationD priority5. A insists o

47、nB sums upC turns outD puts forward6. A off B behindC overD along7. A incredibleB spontaneousCinevitableD gradual8. A fightB doubtC stopD think9. A invisibleB limitedC indefiniteD different10. A upwardB forwardC afterwardD backward11. A featuresB influencesC resultsD costs12. A outsideB onC byD acro

48、ss13. A deliverB carryC performD apply14. A by chanceB in contrastC as usualD for instance15. A ifB unlessC asD lest16. A moderateB overcomeC determineD reach17. A atB forC afterD with18. A Above allB After allC HoweverD Otherwise19. A fundamentalB comprehensiveC equivalentD hostile20. A By accident

49、B In timeC So farD Better stillI am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me ; it is the reality I took with me into sleep . I try to think of something else.Immediate

50、ly the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling . In her hai

51、r, she wore three silk ribbons, blue ,green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair. I dont know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and , with three fingers against my head , I looked at her rib

52、bons and said “Beautiful.” She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasnt sure if she understood me (I dont speak Laotian very well). I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs on them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of t

53、hose skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her

54、language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she acc

55、epted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldnt make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lowe

56、r the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed b

57、ehind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didnt , of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. T

58、hey are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk

59、 ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didnt cry.89. According to the writer, the woman in the market

60、place _B_ .A. refused to speak to her.B. was pleasant and attractive.C. was selling skirts and ribbons.D. recognized her immediately.解析：B。根據(jù)第3段對(duì)她的細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)。 “She moved with the same ease and loveliness Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling . In her hair, she wor

61、e three silk ribbons, blue ,green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.” 由此可見(jiàn)，對(duì)她的印象是愉快的。90. Which of the following in NOT correct? _A_A. The writer was not used to bargaining.B. People in Asia always bargain when

62、 buying things.C. Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D. The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.解析：A。第5段 “It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.” （在亞洲，人們有討價(jià)還價(jià)的習(xí)俗。在老撾，人們討價(jià)還價(jià)時(shí)總是輕言細(xì)語(yǔ)），由此可知，B、C、D是正確的。了解當(dāng)?shù)氐牧?xí)俗，所以很自然地開(kāi)始bargain，所以A選項(xiàng)不對(duì)。91. The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because woman _A/C_ .A. thought that the last offer was reasonable.B. thought she could still make much money.C. was glad that the