英語培訓(xùn)輔導(dǎo)資料-

1、英語培訓(xùn)輔導(dǎo)資料時(shí)間:3月6日一、聽力部分輔導(dǎo)目的:向?qū)W生介紹高考聽力的特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)試方法技巧輔導(dǎo)重點(diǎn):介紹高考聽力的應(yīng)試方法技巧輔導(dǎo)難點(diǎn):聽力應(yīng)試方法技巧輔導(dǎo)內(nèi)容:高考聽力特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)試技巧聽力測(cè)試主要是考查學(xué)生獲取口頭信息的能力。通過考生聽簡短對(duì)話或獨(dú)白,考查考生對(duì)所聽信息進(jìn)行快速判斷、篩選、提煉、分析、演繹、總結(jié)等綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力和獲取口頭信息的語用能力。全國高考聽力題測(cè)試始于2000年,2002年全國基本普及。1. 測(cè)試的目的和要點(diǎn)高考聽力測(cè)試以語篇(對(duì)話或獨(dú)白為測(cè)試載體,在語言使用的場(chǎng)景中測(cè)試學(xué)生使用語音、語法、詞匯知識(shí)的能力,強(qiáng)調(diào)口頭語的真實(shí)性,強(qiáng)調(diào)情感因素在口頭表述中的重要作用及聽力技

2、能的熟練運(yùn)用等。重點(diǎn)考查考生對(duì)所聽信息的整體理解能力,即所謂的“考大不考小”。聽力測(cè)試要點(diǎn)包括1理解主旨和大意。2獲取事實(shí)性的具體信息。如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等。3簡單推斷談話背景、人物關(guān)系等。4理解說話人的意圖、觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。2. 測(cè)試的形式和難度高考英語聽力測(cè)試約需20分鐘左右,共20個(gè)小題,計(jì)分35分。設(shè)問除第16、17、18、19、20小題為信息填空外其余的是特殊疑問句,選項(xiàng)為“3選1”。聽力測(cè)試共分2節(jié):第一節(jié)是聽五段對(duì)話,每段對(duì)話后有三個(gè)選擇題,每段對(duì)話讀兩遍。屬于情景反應(yīng)題,主要考查考生對(duì)語音、數(shù)字(時(shí)間、日期、號(hào)碼、價(jià)格等、字母、句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句意等的快速反應(yīng)能力和理解能力。第二節(jié)為1段

3、對(duì)話或獨(dú)白,共5小題,每段材料播放兩遍。兩節(jié)都屬于較高層次的聽力理解題,主要從語篇層面上考查考生對(duì)段落、短文和篇章的整體理解和把握能力,及對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的整合能力(歸納綜合能力和判斷推理能力等。高考聽力測(cè)試口語特征非常明顯,出現(xiàn)了大量的自然而地道的口語。如表現(xiàn)口頭交際時(shí)說話人不同情緒的感嘆詞和停頓、重復(fù)、省略、重音、或自我更正等語言現(xiàn)象。聽力材料的讀速正逐步接近英美人的正常語速。2001年語速較慢,為115wpm。2002年的聽力測(cè)試語速明顯加快,為125 wpm。2003年語速介于2001年和2002年之間,約為120wpm。聽力語速逐步接近正常語速這是一個(gè)大趨勢(shì)。2005、2006年語速保持125

4、w/pm左右。聽力難度方面:2001年聽力測(cè)試較容易,難度系數(shù)為0.58,2002年較難,難度系數(shù)為0.54。2003年難度比較適中,約為0.64。從2000年的無生詞,2001的少量生詞,到2002,2003,2004年的生詞和詞組及一些長句子的出現(xiàn),以及新課標(biāo)對(duì)聽力八級(jí)的要求來看,2005年的聽力題材難度有所增加,難度系數(shù)為0.6左右。3. 測(cè)試的話題和材料高考聽力材料的選擇非常重視語言真實(shí)性和交際性原則,語言材料一般來源于實(shí)際生活,圍繞一個(gè)日常生活的話題展開,涉及文化教育、傳說、時(shí)事、人物、科普等。內(nèi)容貼近時(shí)代,貼近學(xué)生生活,如2003年聽力測(cè)試內(nèi)容有看電視、考試、上班、乘車、培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃和

5、打電話等現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的方方面面。聽力測(cè)試交際功能項(xiàng)目包括購物、買票、道別、感謝、打電話、約會(huì)、偏愛、祝愿和祝賀、提供幫助、約會(huì)、請(qǐng)求、問路、看病、求救等。(一 數(shù)字記錄與計(jì)算題數(shù)字是高考英語聽力測(cè)試中常見考點(diǎn)。人們平時(shí)生活中常談及的價(jià)格、電話號(hào)碼,身高、體重,距離的遠(yuǎn)近,街道、公共汽車、門牌號(hào)碼、航班、生產(chǎn)、銷售產(chǎn)品數(shù)量、人口狀況等,都可能是高考聽力出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容。例1:How much will you spend if you buy two shirts?A.50 dollars.B.100 dollars.C.80 dollars.【分析和說明】本題學(xué)生易選C。對(duì)話中牽涉的數(shù)字較多,買衣者要批

6、發(fā)12件(a dozen才降價(jià)20%,考生沒聽清后面部分,而誤選了C答案。錯(cuò)誤的原因是因?yàn)榭忌鷮?duì)有些數(shù)字表達(dá)法的掌握不到位,容易受a couple, dozen, half of , double, twice等數(shù)詞的干擾.【解答】錄音中M問:How much is the shirt? W說:It's 50dollars. But it will be cut down by 20% if you take a dozen. 故正確答案為B。例2:What's the woman's present mobile telephone number?A.6283419B

7、.137*C.130*【分析和說明】本題考生易在A、C兩個(gè)答案中搞錯(cuò),兩個(gè)都是這個(gè)婦女的電話號(hào)碼,但由于沒看清題干中的“the present mobile telephone number”而選錯(cuò)選項(xiàng)?！窘獯稹夸浺糁蠱an問:Where have you been? l can't find you anywhere. And I can't get through your telephone. W回答:I went out for a trip. You know, my pre-telephone number was 130*. But recently l have

8、 changed it for 137*, and I moved into a new flat. So now my new home phone number is 6283419 故正確答案為B。【總結(jié)】數(shù)字記錄和推算應(yīng)注意首先看清題干,邊看邊記錄。并注意對(duì)話中與數(shù)字有關(guān)的常用詞,如:more than, reduce/increaseby, couple, dozen,half等。對(duì)那些需要進(jìn)行簡單運(yùn)算的題目要求考生聽清數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)系,迅速進(jìn)行判斷。(二判斷時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和方位題時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和方位也是聽力、測(cè)試中常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)。例1:What time is it now?A.8:15B.7

9、:45C.8:40【分析和說明】有些考生沒聽懂8點(diǎn)過15的表達(dá)方法,易在A、B之間徘徊不定。這類題考生選錯(cuò)的原因是對(duì)時(shí)間的表達(dá)方法不夠熟練?？忌欢ㄒ獙?duì)“幾點(diǎn)差多少”,“幾點(diǎn)過多少”的不同表達(dá)方法運(yùn)用自如。對(duì)常用的一些時(shí)間點(diǎn)的一些術(shù)語,如:halt past,a quarter to,a.m,p.m,等要留意。【解答】錄音中M問:What time does the concert start? W回答:At fifteen past eight. We still have 25minutes to go there. 正確答案為C。例2:Where are the two speakers

10、?A. In a restaurant.B. On a farm.C. At the man's house.【分析和說明】盡管對(duì)話中沒有出現(xiàn)“restaurant”這個(gè)詞,但只要聽懂“想要點(diǎn)什么”和后面的食品名稱,就可選出正確答案。考生要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)場(chǎng)景用語判斷對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、人物職業(yè)、人物關(guān)系等。如對(duì)話中提到buy , change,對(duì)話就可能發(fā)生在商店。如材料中出現(xiàn)term exam,談話的地點(diǎn)有可能在教室,還可能有professor出現(xiàn),或者人物間有teacher-student的關(guān)系等。下面是一些常用的場(chǎng)景用語。餐館(restaurant 用語:menu, bill, order

11、, tip, hamburger, sandwich, soup, dish , beer, soft drink等;醫(yī)院(hospital用語:take medicine, temperature, pill, headache, fever, blood pressure等;賓館(hotel用語:luggage, single room, double room, room number, check in, check out等;郵局(post office 用語: mail , deliver, stamp, envelope , telegram等;機(jī)場(chǎng)(airport用語:flig

12、ht, take off, land, luggage 等;車站(railway station用語:round trip, single trip, sleeping car, board for 等;商店(shop用語:on sale, size, color, price, change, buy, try on;學(xué)校(school用語:professor , exam, course, dining hall, playground等?！窘獯稹夸浺糁蠾問:What would you like, sir? M回答:Well, I'd like to have a cup of

13、orange juice and some beef .故正確答案為A。例3:Where is the lake?A. To the east of the village.B. To the north of the village.C. To the west of the village.【分析和說明】此題干擾迷惑性較大。有些學(xué)生只聽到后面一句to the east of it 便選擇了A,恰恰落入了命題人設(shè)計(jì)的圈套。所以做題時(shí)一定要防止斷章取義,要真正弄懂對(duì)話的意思。聽到什么就選什么往往是錯(cuò)誤的?！窘獯稹夸浺糁蠾問:Excuse me, sir, how can I get to th

14、e nearest village? M回答:Go straight along the road, and you'll see a small lake. The village is to the east of it.如果考生能正確理解最后一句話,反向思維,很快就會(huì)選出正確答案C?！究偨Y(jié)】時(shí)間的考查有時(shí)需要經(jīng)過簡單的數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算才能得到正確答案,地點(diǎn)的考查關(guān)鍵是熟悉常見的場(chǎng)景用語,方位主要是要弄清各事物間的方位關(guān)系。(三判斷人物關(guān)系題聽力材料中命題人常通過提供相關(guān)情節(jié),讓考生去判斷對(duì)話者的職業(yè)和身份,以及對(duì)話雙方的關(guān)系。例1:Whats the probable relations

15、hip between the man and the woman?A. Husband and wife.B. Doctor and patient.C. Teacher and student.【分析和說明】判斷人物及關(guān)系題關(guān)鍵在于抓住能體現(xiàn)特征的職業(yè)用語和場(chǎng)景用語,要細(xì)心體會(huì)說話雙方的語氣和態(tài)度。如聽到Whats wrong with you? 談話雙方可能是醫(yī)生與病人的關(guān)系。如聽到What can I do for you? 談話雙方可能是服務(wù)員與顧客的關(guān)系?！窘獯稹看祟}只要抓住關(guān)鍵詞fever和cold就可以了。錄音中W問:Do you think that I have a fev

16、er? You see. SARS is so terrible now. M回答: Yes, you have a little fever. But dont be too frightened, Ma dam. You have only had a little cold. 從語境中可判斷正確答案為B?！究偨Y(jié)】此類題目的選項(xiàng)一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)明確的表職業(yè)及人物之間關(guān)系的詞匯?？忌猛ㄟ^說話者的語調(diào)及關(guān)鍵詞才能選出正確答案。這就要求考生對(duì)一定場(chǎng)合的常見話題有充分的了解,以此來判斷相互之間的關(guān)系。(四細(xì)節(jié)把握及指令辨認(rèn)題對(duì)話中,為了說明主旨和要義,需要一些具體的信息加以輔佐和補(bǔ)充說明,因此,在考

17、查中除了時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系等之外,還會(huì)考查考生對(duì)一些細(xì)節(jié)的分辯和對(duì)主旨的把握。例1. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Susie saw the bear first.B. They drove the bear away when they saw a bear enter their tent.C. The bear turned things upside down.【分析和說明】此題很多考生會(huì)選A,原因是他們只聽到后半句:“I saw a bear”就誤選了A.從第一句前部分Susie 大叫一聲“熊”,可推斷,Susie 首先看到熊,而不是

18、“我” 首先看到熊。故A項(xiàng)述敘的事實(shí)是正確的。不能作為答案?！窘獯稹夸浺糁歇?dú)白:After we put up our tent, we heard our daughter Susie cry out. And then I saw a bear enter our camp. Tom wanted his father to drive him away. His father said, "No, it's dangerous to drive a bear away." "Maybe we could make him leave if we pu

19、t some honey outside for him to eat." Susie suggested. Then I said. "How will you get the honey? It's in the tent." We watched the bear enter the tent and turn everything upside down. "Leave him alone and wait for him to come out." said my husband .We waited, but the bea

20、r stayed inside. We had to sleep in the car. 故正確選項(xiàng)為B。例2:Which direction does the post office face?A、It faces east.B、It faces south.C、It faces west.【分析和說明】考生選C的不少,因?yàn)樗麄兟牭搅恕癎o westward”而斷章取義。本題涉及到一些路線。錯(cuò)誤的原因是做題方法不合理,只聽不會(huì)作標(biāo)記。【解答】錄音中W問:Could you tell me how to get to the post office? M回答:Go westward along

21、 the street, then turn to the left and walk for three minutes, you are sure to find it on your right.大樓面向街道,故正確答案為A。【總結(jié)】這類題目要求考生在把握主線的前提下,能捕捉到有用的信息。由于細(xì)節(jié)性的信息多,做題難度較大,考生應(yīng)首先瀏覽題于和選項(xiàng),做到心中有數(shù)。在聽的過程中做到有的放矢。做指令性題型應(yīng)善于速記,可用“”表方面,用字母代單詞等一些速記符號(hào)對(duì)聽到的內(nèi)容作好記錄。(五推理、判斷和歸納題說話者的態(tài)度看法及獨(dú)白中的主旨題有時(shí)比較隱蔽,考生需要自己去推測(cè)、判斷和歸納。例1:What&

22、#39;s the attitude about the interview?A. He is worried.B. He is satisfied.C. He is angry.【分析和說明】相當(dāng)一部分考生選A。選錯(cuò)的原因是沒有理解“could not feel better” (感覺不能再好了 ,又沒有抓住關(guān)鍵詞: fair, find all the answers。【解答】錄音中W問:How did your interview go? M回答:l couldn't feel better about it! The questions were very fair, and

23、I seemed to find the answers to all of them. 故正確答案為B。例2. What is David going to do?A. Catch at rain homeB. Do his homework.C. Go to the park.【分析和說明】容易誤選C。聽力測(cè)試時(shí),命題人有時(shí)故設(shè)圈套和陷阱,正確答案往往是與所聽材料在結(jié)構(gòu)和讀音上差異較大的選項(xiàng),而同原文結(jié)構(gòu)、讀音相同或相近的選項(xiàng)其實(shí)是干擾項(xiàng)。有些考生對(duì)所聽內(nèi)容不作分析,聽到什么選什么,誤入了命題人的設(shè)題陷阱?！窘獯稹看鸢笧锽。錄音中W問:David, are you coming with

24、us to the park? M回答:No. I'm sorry. But I have to catch up with my homework. 題目答案恰恰是看上去和原文相差甚遠(yuǎn)的B項(xiàng)?！究偨Y(jié)】聽力測(cè)試對(duì)考生的判斷推理能力提出了一定要求?？忌欢ㄒ诶斫獯笠獾幕A(chǔ)上推測(cè)說話人的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度等。不能憑個(gè)人的看法去選題。在判斷推理的過程中要注意防止斷章取義或以偏概全。如:What time is John supposed to arrive?A.8:00 .B.7:30C.8:15聽力材料:W: Where's John? He should be here by 8:00 for the meeting.M: His wife said he left at 7:30.I think he'll be here at 8:15.由于受最后一句話的干擾,考生可能把事實(shí)上將要到達(dá)的時(shí)間8:15誤解為應(yīng)該到達(dá)的時(shí)間。而誤選C。此題答案應(yīng)為A。以上是聽力測(cè)試的主要題型。聽力測(cè)試還應(yīng)注意以下的應(yīng)試技巧:1. 培養(yǎng)良好心態(tài)聽力測(cè)試題不同于其它題型。