金融專業(yè)英語短語解釋匯總版

1、英語名詞解釋目錄AAnnuity 年金It is often described as a mutual fund in an insurance wrapper. It is treated as an insurance product and as a result receives a preferential tax treatment. Specifically, the income and realized gains are not taxable if not withdrawn from the annuity product. It can be either fixe

2、d, or variable.Authorized participants擁有許可權(quán)的投資者For ETCs, individuals do not deal directly with the provider of the ETF. That privilege is reserved for a few very large investors called authorized participants (AP) who are arbitragers.A spot contract represents a binding commitment for an exchange of

3、 funds, with normal settlement and delivery of bank balances following in two business days, or one day in the case of North American currencies(Canadian dollar).In economics and finance , arbitrage is the simultaneous, or nearly simultaneous, purchase of securities(one currency) in one market for s

4、ale in another market with the expectation of a risk-free profit.A market maker is a company , or an individual, that quotes both a buy and a sell price in afinancialinstrument or commodity held in inventory, hoping to make a profit on the bid-offer spread , or turn .In foreign exchange (or FX) trad

5、ing, where most deals are conducted over-the-counter and are, therefore, completely virtual, the market maker sells to and buys from its clients and is compensated by means of price differentials for the service of providing liquidity , reducing transaction costs and facilitating trade.A Eurobond is

6、 an international bond that is denominated in a currency not native to the country where it is issued. Eurobonds are financed by long-term funds in the Eurocurrency markets. They are underwritten by a multinational syndicate of banks and placed in countries other than the one in whose currency they

7、are denominated.A balance sheet : In financial accounting, a balance sheet (or statement of financial position) is a summary of a person,s or organization' s balances資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表：財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)，資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表(或財(cái)務(wù)狀況表)是一個(gè)人或組織的結(jié)余摘要 Annuity 年金It is often described as a mutual fund in an insurance wrapper. It is treated as an

8、 insurance product and as a result receives a preferential tax treatment. Specifically, the income and realized gains are not taxable if not withdrawn from the annuity product. It can be either fixed, or variable.Automatic transfer services 自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)賬業(yè)務(wù)： An automatic transfer service account is a deposit

9、account that allows the transfer of funds from a savings account to a checking account in order to cover a check written or to maintain a minimum balance. With this facility in which deposited funds can be automatically transferred, the customers would enjoy a higher degree of convenience without an

10、y worry about overdrawing. Simultaneously commercial banks can expand their business.Account receivable financing應(yīng)收賬款融資： A type of asset-financing arrangement in which a company usesits receivables - which is money owed by customers - as collateral in a financing agreement. The company receives an a

11、mount that is equal to a reduced value of the receivables pledged. This type of financing helps companies free up capital that is stuck in accounts receivables. Accounts receivable financing transfers the default risk associated with the accounts receivables to the financing company; this transfer o

12、f risk can help the company using the financing to shift focus from trying to collect receivables to current business activities. In case of a default, the lender has the right to collect receivables directly from the named debtors of the firm.Asymmetric information信息不對(duì)稱Investors and managers have u

13、neven access to or uneven possession of information.Agency problem 代理問題The firm ' s managers who act as agents for investors, may act in their own interests to the disadvantage of the investors. Asset/Liability management資產(chǎn) /負(fù)債管理The nature of the liabilities dictates the investment strategy a fi

14、nancial institution will pursueAbsolute return 絕對(duì)收益 It is simply the return realized Annuity 年金It is often described as a mutual fund in an insurance wrapper. It is treated as an insurance productand as a result receives a preferential tax treatment. Specifically, the income and realized gains are n

15、ot taxable if not withdrawn from the annuity product. It can be either fixed, or variable.Administrator - The Administrator is the head of the regulatory body in New Brunswick.BBankassurance 車艮行保險(xiǎn)Insurance companies are attracted by commercial bank customer contacts. As a result, commercial bank dis

16、tribution of insurance company products has grown considerably.Back-end load 后端費(fèi)用It is imposed at the time fund shares are sold or redeemed.It is a Contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC). This approach imposes a gradually declining load on withdrawal.Breakpoint 分界點(diǎn)The sales charge for a fund applie

17、s to most, even very small, investments. For large investment, however, the sales charge may be reduced. The amount of investment needed to obtain a reduction in the sales charge is called a breakpoint.Board of directors 董事會(huì)The role of board of directors is to represent the fund shareholders. The bo

18、ard is composed of both “interested” (or "inside" ) directors who are affiliated with the investment company (current or previous management) and “independent” (or "outside" ) directors who have no affiliation with the investment company. A majority of the board must be outside d

19、irectors.BOP : In a general sense, the balance of payments is a statistical statement that systematically records all the economic transactions between residents of a country(Central Government, monetary authority, banks, other sector) and nonresidents for a specific time period.B/L : waybill or con

20、signment note, and receipt (in postal or courier delivery) are collectively known as the transport documents.提單(bill of lading ):提單或運(yùn)單，及收據(jù)(在郵局或快遞公司送達(dá))被統(tǒng)稱為運(yùn)輸單證。Bankers? acceptances : A bankers' acceptance (or BA) is a short-term credit investment created by a non-financial firm and guaranteed by

21、a bank to make payment in a foreign trade.銀行承兌匯票：一個(gè)銀行家的接受(或 BA)是一個(gè)短期的信貸投入創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)非金融公司和銀行擔(dān)保，使在外國 貿(mào)易支付。Bankassurance 車艮行保險(xiǎn)Insurance companies are attracted by commercial bank customer contacts. As a result, commercial bank distribution of insurance company products has grown considerably.Banker' s a

22、cceptance 專艮行承兌匯票：A bankers acceptance, or BA, is a time draft drawn on and accepted by abank. Upon acceptance, which occurs when an authorized bank employee stamps the draft "accepted" andsigns it, the draft becomes a primary and unconditional liability of the bank. If the bank is well kn

23、own and enjoys a good reputation, the accepted draft may be readily sold in an active market.Bond interest rate 債券禾 U率： Bond interest rate is the rate paid by government, banks and corporations when they raise funds in domestic or international financial market by issuing bonds.Bank notes專艮行券： A ban

24、knote (often known as a bill, paper money or simply a note) is a kind of negotiableinstrument, a promissory note made by a bank payable to the bearer on demand, used as money, and in many jurisdictions is legal tender. Along with coins, banknotes make up the cash or bearer forms of all modern fiat m

25、oney.Barter以物易物，物物交換exchange goods (property and etc. ) for other goods (property and etc.)barter wheat for oil 用小麥交換原油barter with sb. forsth.向某人交換某物barter away one ' s rights (honor, freedom)為某人的利益出賣自己的權(quán)利(名譽(yù)、自由)barter agreement易貨協(xié)定barter system 易貨貿(mào)易制barter arrangement易貨安排barter transaction 易貨交易

26、barter trade 易貨貿(mào)易barter exchange易貨交易barter business易貨業(yè)務(wù)Banking and monetary regulation專艮行與貨幣監(jiān)管Authorities use it to try to control changes in a country ' s money supply, which is thought to control the level of economic activity.Bank guarantee - A bank guarantee is the bank's promise to repa

27、y the debt of another person if that person does not pay the debt.Bonds - A bond is a certificate which shows a debt. The issuer of the bond promises to pay the holder a specific amount of interest for a specific length of time. On the maturity date, the loan is repaid. The assets of a corporation a

28、re pledged as security for the loan. Bonds are issued by corporations and federal, provincial and municipal governments. If a company is liquidated, bond holders can claim any company assets before shareholders.B/L: waybill or consignment note, and receipt (in postal or courier delivery) are collect

29、ively known as the transport documents.Bankers ' acceptances: A bankers' acceptance (or BA) is a short-term credit investment created by a non-financial firm and guaranteed by a bank to make payment in a foreign trade.A balance sheet: In financial accounting, a balance sheet (or statement of

30、 financial position) is a summary of a person s or organization ' s balancesThe structure and main items of balance sheet1. Assets: In business and accounting, assets are everything owned by a person or company that can be convertedinto cash. Includes Current assets and Long-term assets. The cur

31、rent assets include cash, Cash equivalents, Account receivable, Inventory. The long-term assets include tangible and intangible2. Liabilities:Liabilities are financial debts of a company to their outside clients. Includes Current liabilitiesand Long-term liabilities.3. Owners' equity: In busines

32、s and accounting, after all liabilities are paid, ownership equity is the remaininginterest in assets. Includes Capital and Retained earning and Net worth.CClosed-End Funds 封閉式基金The shares of a closed-end fund are very similar to the shares of common stock of a corporation.The new shares of a closed

33、-end fund are initially issued by an underwriter for the fund.Creation/redemption units認(rèn)購 /贖回單位交易Authorized participants are mainly large institutional traders who have contractual agreements withETF funds.They are the only investors who may create or redeem shares of an ETF with the ETF sponsor and

34、 then only in large, specified quantities called creation/redemption units.Cash balance plan現(xiàn)金余額計(jì)劃A cash balance plan is basically a defined benefit that has some of the features of a defined contribution plan. It defines future pension benefits, not employer contributions.Each participant in a cash

35、 balance plan has an account that is credited貸方 with a dollar amount that resembles an employer contribution and isgenerally determined as a percentage of pay. The plan usually provides benefits in the form of a lump-sum 付清 distribution in an annuity. Interest is credited to the employee ' s acc

36、ount at a rate specifiedCovered interest arbitrage is the investment strategy where an investor buys a financial instrument denominated in a foreign currency , and hedges his foreign exchange risk by selling a forward contract in the amount of the proceeds of the investment back into his base curren

37、cy.Convertibility is the quality that allows money or other financial instruments to be converted into other liquid stores of value . Convertibility is an important factor in international trade , where instruments valued in different currencies must be exchangedCommercial banks : is a type of finan

38、cial intermediary. It offers both commercial and investment banking services for individual and business, such as deposits, credit cards, loans, trusts, mutual funds, treasury bills, insurances and so on.商業(yè)銀行：是一種金融中介機(jī)構(gòu)的類型。它為個(gè)人和企業(yè)的商業(yè)和投資銀行服務(wù)，如存款，信用卡，貸款，信托， 互惠基金，國庫券，保險(xiǎn)等。Checking accounts : A checking a

39、ccount is convenience; it can be used in place of cash to make payments as ATM cards or each electronic debit cards.支票帳戶：支票存款帳戶是方便，它可用于現(xiàn)金的地方，使每一個(gè)在 ATM卡或電子借記卡付款。Commercial pape r: Commercial papers are unsecured, short-term loans. Only high credit rating and credit worthiness corporations have credit

40、 to issue commercial papers.商業(yè)票據(jù)：商業(yè)本票為無抵押，短期貸款。只有高信用評(píng)級(jí)和信用企業(yè)的信貸發(fā)行商業(yè)票據(jù)。Core Capital 核心資本金Tier 1 CapitalIt consists of common stockholders ' equity, certain types of preferred stock, and minority interest in consolidated subsidiariesCorporate credit unions公司信用合作社Provide a variety of investment serv

41、ices, as well as payment systems, only to natural person credit unionsCentral bank discount rate中央銀行貝占現(xiàn)率：The central bank discount rate refers to the rate of interest paidby commercial banks when they rediscount their financial instruments in central banks. It is expressed in terms of a certain repu

42、rchase rate of face value of the notes on rediscount.Certain goods with a ready market 隨時(shí)可以賣出的商品： A ready market should be a market situation in which certain goods are well sold. In other words it is not difficult to sell the goods any time in any volume.When some goods have a ready market they are

43、 in possession of a general acceptability. That means all people believe that the goods could be traded whenever with whatever goods.Usually such goods with a ready market were used as the medium of exchanges in the early time.Commodity money商品貨幣： Commodity money is the earliest form of money which

44、has an intrinsic value,meaning it is worth something in its own right rather than simply being a token of financial value such as a banknote.Check-clearing 支票清算： Movement of a check from the bank in which it was deposited to the bank on which it was drawn, and the movement of its face amount in the

45、opposite direction. This process (called clearing cycle) normally results in a credit to the account at the bank of deposit, and an equivalent debit to the account at the bank on which it was drawn. Also called clearing.Checking account支票賬戶：It is a deposit account held at a bank or other financial i

46、nstitution which allows theholder to write checks against deposited funds. It is also termed as a transactional account or current account.Correspondent balance往來賬戶余額：In financial business the term balance stands for the amount of moneyin an account, equal to the net of credits and debits at that po

47、int in time for that account. also called account balance.Correspondent balance refers to the net credits and debits for the correspondent accounts which areopened bythe relevant correspondent banks.Curb exchanges場(chǎng)夕卜交易： The word curb means a concrete border or row of joined stones forming part of ag

48、utter along the edge of a street.Credit balance貸方余額： Credit balance: In a margin account, the credit balance is the amount of fundsdeposited in the customer's account following the successful execution of a short sale order.Country risk國另1J風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：Probability of loss due to economic and/or political

49、instability in the buyer' sresulting in an inability to pay for imports. Country risk includes sovereign risk.Commercial or documentary L/C商業(yè) /跟單信用證：The technical term for Letter of credit is 'Documentary Credit'. At the very outset one must understand is that Letters of credit deal in d

50、ocuments, not goods. The idea in an international trade transaction is to shift the risk from the actual buyer to a bank. Thus a LC (as it is commonly referred to) is a payment undertaking given by a bank to the seller and is issued on behalf of the applicant i.e. the buyer. The Buyer is the Applica

51、nt and the Seller is the Beneficiary. The Bank that issues the LC is referred to as the Issuing Bank which is generally in thecountry of the Buyer. The Bank that Advises the LC to the Seller is called the Advising Bank which is generally in the country of the Seller.The specified bank makes the paym

52、ent upon the successful presentation of the required documents by the seller within the specified time frame. Note that the Bank scrutinizes the“ documents " and not the ”making payment. Thus the process works both in favor of both the buyer and the seller. The Seller gets assured that if docum

53、ents are presented on time and in the way that they have been requested on the LC the payment will be made and Buyer on the other hand is assured that the bank will thoroughly examine these presented documents and ensure that they meet the terms and conditions stipulated in the LC.Confirmed irrevoca

54、ble L/C保兌的不可撤銷信用證：An L/C that adds the endorsement of a seller' s bank tothat of the buyer ' s bank. It provides the highest level of protection to the seller because not only the L/C cannot be canceled (or its terms changed) unilaterally by the buyer, but also both banks involved in the tra

55、nsaction to guarantee its payment on its due(maturity) date.Collateral 抵押品：Specific asset (such as land or building) pledged as a secondary or subordinate security bya borrower or guarantor. The principal security is usually the borrower' s personal guaranty, or the cash flow cbusiness. Except f

56、or highly creditworthy customers (who can get loans against only their signatures) lenders always demand a collateral if the primary security is not considered to be reliable or sufficient enough to recover the loan in case of a default. Lenders have the legal right to seize and sell a collateral if

57、 the borrower cannot pay back the loan as agreed.Core Capital核心資本金Tier 1 CapitalIt consists of common stockholders ' equity, certain types of preferred stock, and minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries Corporate credit unions公司信用合作社Provide a variety of investment services, as well as pay

58、ment systems, only to natural person credit unionsCorporate restructuring hedge fund公司重組型對(duì)沖基金It is one in which the asset manager positions the portfolio to capitalize on the anticipated impact of a significant corporate event. These events include a merger, acquisition, or bankruptcy Convergence tr

59、ading hedge fund收斂交易型對(duì)沖基金It uses a strategy to take advantage of misalignment of prices or yields, an arbitrage strategy.technically, arbitrage meansriskless profit. Somestrategies used by hedge funds do not really involve no risk, but instead low risk strategies of price misalignments誤差Counterparty risk交易對(duì)手違約風(fēng)險(xiǎn)It is the risk that a counterparty in a trade fails to satisfy its obligation Credit r