新概念英語第二冊筆記_第69課

1、bLesson 69 But not murderText I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy trafficand had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquireconfidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy

2、my test.The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, Just one morething, Mr . Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as Itap on the window, you must stop within five feet.I continued driving and after some time, the e

3、xaminer tapped loudly, Though the sound could beheard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were boththrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. Mr. Eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you havejust killed that child!'【課文翻譯】我第3次接受駕駛執(zhí)照考試。按照要求在車輛擁

4、擠的路上駕駛，我圓滿地完成了。在接到把車開出城的指令后，我開始有了信心。確信我已通過考試，所以我?guī)缀蹰_始喜歡起這次考試。主考人對我的駕駛想必是滿意的，因?yàn)樗⑿χf：埃姆斯先生，只剩1項了。讓我們假設(shè)一個小孩子突然在你前面穿過馬路。我一敲車窗，你必須把車停在5英尺之內(nèi)。（車得立即停下來）”我繼續(xù)往前開著。過了一會兒，主考人砰砰地敲了起來。雖然聲音聽得很清楚，但我過了好一會兒才作出反應(yīng)。我突然用力踩緊剎車踏板，結(jié)果我倆的身體都向前沖去。主考人傷心地看著我。埃姆斯先生，”他以悲傷的聲調(diào)說，你剛剛把那個小孩壓死了！”New words and expressions生詞和短語murder n.謀殺i

5、nstruct v.命令，指示acquire v.取得，獲得confidence n. 信心examiner n.主考人suppose v. 假設(shè)tap v. 輕敲react v. 反應(yīng)brake n. 剎車pedal n.踏板mournful adj. 悲哀的【生詞講解】1. murder n. 謀殺，謀殺案 e.g. six murders in one week一周之內(nèi)的六起謀殺案be guilty of murder犯謀殺罪。commit murder 進(jìn)行謀殺 v. murder sb with sth 用-謀殺某人e.g. He murdered his wife with a k

6、nife.他用刀謀殺了他的妻子。糟蹋： murder a piece of music糟蹋了首樂曲murderer 謀殺犯，兇手 murderess 女兇手Kill : (v.)-'殺"，殺死"。普通用語。指任何一種致死行為。Assassinate")-'暗殺"。指出于政治目的進(jìn)行的暗殺行為。Murder(v.)- 碟殺"，兇殺”。指非法地有目的的殺害他人。Slaughter")-'屠殺”。尤指為肉食而屠殺；還指錯殺或殘酷地殺死很多人。e.g. Two people were killed in a car a

7、ccident.在一次車禍中有兩人喪生。e.g. President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas in 1963.肯尼迪總統(tǒng)于1963年在達(dá)拉斯被暗殺。e.g. It is said that one person was murdered on the beach.據(jù)說一個人在海灘上被謀殺了。e.g. Tens of thousands were slaughtered on the battlefields of Macedonia.成千上萬的人在馬其頓戰(zhàn)場上被殺死了。2. instruct 及物動詞 vt.1)指示，命令，吩咐e.g. He in

8、structed me to deliver it to a customer.他吩咐我把東西送去給顧客。2)教授；訓(xùn)練；指導(dǎo)(+in)e.g. My job is to instruct her in English.我的工作是教她英語。3. 通知，告知e.g. My agent has instructed me that you still owe me $150.我的代理人告訴我你還欠我一百五十美元。4)【律】委派，委托3. acquire1 ) v.取得，獲得，學(xué)到(知識、技術(shù)、語言等)，養(yǎng)成(習(xí)慣等)e.g. Mary acquired a good knowledge of Ch

9、inese in five years' time. acquire a habit of doing sth.養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣e.g. Tom acquired a habit of smoking.acquire confidence 獲得信心V.1.（正式）購得，（尤指昂貴的或難以得到的東西） e.g. The museum has managed to acquire an important work by Dali.博物館設(shè)法弄到了 （西班牙超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義畫家）達(dá)利的一副重要作品。2）掌握，獲得（知識、技能等）；（因自己的能力而）贏得（名聲）.e.g. I look on it as

10、 an opportunity to acquire fresh skills.我把這當(dāng)做是一次學(xué)習(xí)新技能的機(jī)會。e.g. The team has acquired a fearsome reputation.這支隊伍贏得了令人生畏的名聲。Acquire a taste for開始喜歡上。e.g. This beer isn ' t bad. I ' m beginning to acquire a taste for it.這啤酒不錯。我開始愛喝了。4. confidence名詞n.1 .自信，信心，把握U（+in）+to-v+thate.g. He lacks confi

11、dence in himself.他缺少自信。2 .信賴，信任U（+in）e.g. We have confidence in the mayor.我們信任這位市長。to have/lose confidence in sb 。lack of confidence缺乏信心e.g. I have much confidence in him我對他很有信心in confidence 當(dāng)作秘密e.g. I am telling you this in confidence我現(xiàn)在告訴你的這件事情是個秘密（strict confidence 絕密）confident adj.confident of s

12、th/thate.g. He is confident of victory他對勝利充滿信心e.g. a confident smile一個自信的微笑5. examiner名詞n.1 .主考人；檢查人；審查員C6. suppose及物動詞 vt.1 ）猜想，以為+（that）e.g. I suppose he is still in town.我想他還在城里。2 ）期望；認(rèn)為必須，認(rèn)為應(yīng)該e.g. You're not supposed to take the books out of the room.這些書不能拿出屋去。3）必須以為前提 e.g. Every effect supp

13、oses a cause.任何事的產(chǎn)生都必然有其原因。句法運(yùn)用b1 ） be supposed to do sth.（尤指因?yàn)橐?guī)定或掌權(quán)者的指示 ）被期望做；應(yīng)該。e.g. You ' re supposed to ask the teacher if you want to leave the classroom.你如果要離開教室，應(yīng)該先問問老師。本應(yīng)，本該（用于表示某事本應(yīng)發(fā)生而沒有發(fā)生）ve had to postpone it.e.g. The me eting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we這個會本應(yīng)該星期二舉行，但

14、我們不得不把他推遲了2） be supposed to be sth.被相信是。，被認(rèn)為。e.g. The castle is supposed to be haunted.人們相信這座城堡鬧鬼。3）認(rèn)為；料想；猜想；假定Suppose （that）.e.g. What makes you suppose （that）we' re going to sell the house?你憑什么認(rèn)為我們準(zhǔn)備把這房子賣掉4）（正式）假定，預(yù)期；以。為條件e.g. The company ' s plan supposes a steady increase in orders.公司的計劃

15、是基于訂單將持續(xù)穩(wěn)定增長的預(yù)期的。5） I suppose 我想，我認(rèn)為（用于認(rèn)為某事真是，但不敢肯定）e.g. I suppose he could have shot himself, but where would he have got the gun?我想他可能是開槍自殺的，但他是從哪里得到的搶的？我想（尤用于表示勉強(qiáng)同意某人做某事）I suppose so.e.g. Can we come with you? Oh, I suppose so.我們可以跟你一起來嗎？哦，我看可以吧 我猜想（用于猜測）6 ） suppose /supposing假設(shè)，假定（用于要某人設(shè)想如果某情況Su

16、ppose這個單純呢彳艮重要 努力去讀懂每旬例旬，把握 這個單詞在句中所展現(xiàn)的意 思和含義。存在會發(fā)生什么事）e.g. Look, suppose you lost your job tomorow, what would you do?哎，假設(shè)你明天丟掉了工作，你會怎么辦呢？7 ） I don ' t suppose（用于非常禮貌地提出要求）e.g. I don ' t suppose you ' d give me a lift to the station ?我能否順便搭您的車去車站我以為不會（用于表示某事不大可能發(fā)生）8） what ' s that s

17、upposed to mean?這是什么意思？（用于表示對某人剛說的話感到惱火）Conj.假設(shè)，假定（用于假設(shè)某事發(fā)生后帶來的后果 e.g. It ' s n worth the risk, suppose your mother found out?（非正式）讓。（用于提出建議）e.g. Suppose we try to sort this out before we go.咱們盡量在出發(fā)前把這些東西整理好吧。7.tap及物動詞 vt.1）輕拍，輕叩，輕敲e.g. He tapped me on the shoulder她輕輕地拍拍我的肩。2）輕輕敲出（或敲掉）Oe.g. He t

18、apped the ashes out of his pipe.他輕輕地將煙斗里的煙灰敲出來。3）補(bǔ)鞋底4）【美】指定，選定e.g. Mr . Smith was tapped for police commissioner史密斯先生被指定為警察局長5 ）裝上塞子（嘴子）e.g. They tapped a barrel of beer .他們打開桶塞放出啤酒。6）在（稱上刻痕取液e.g.They worked on the farm, tapping rubber trees.他們在這農(nóng)場做割膠的工作。7）接通（總電源，總水源等）e.g. They tapped the water main

19、 to supply the new residential quarters.他們接通了總水管為新住宅區(qū)供水。8）在.裝竊聽器e.g. I guess our telephone has been tapped.我猜想我們的電話被竊聽了。9）開發(fā)，開辟e.g. The scientists are thinking of a new way of tapping the solar energy.科學(xué)家正在設(shè)想一種新的利用太陽能的方法。名詞n. C1）龍頭，閥門e.g. He left the tap open to fill the kitchen sink with water他將水龍頭

20、開著讓廚房的水槽注滿水。（酒桶等的）塞子，栓子（電流）分接頭（電話）搭線竊聽；竊聽器e.g. They put a tap on his telephone and recorded all his calls.他們在他的電話上裝上了竊聽器，錄下了所有通話。8. react不及物動詞 vi.1）作出反應(yīng)，反應(yīng)（+to）e.g. How did she react to the news?她對這個消息反應(yīng)如何？2) 影響，起作用（+on/upon）e.g. The two react upon each other.這兩者互相影響。3) 抗拒,反抗(+against)e.g. Children

21、tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.孩子們通常以違背父母的意愿來反抗他們。4) 起反作用，回過來起作用(+on/upon)e.g. Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.惡人往往有惡報。5)【化】起化學(xué)作用；【物】反應(yīng)(+with/on)e.g. How do acids react on metals?酸對金屬會起怎小¥的化學(xué)反應(yīng)？e.g. An acid can react with a base to form a salt.酸和堿

22、反應(yīng)會產(chǎn)生鹽。6 )【軍】反攻，反擊9. brake 剎車 n. brake light 剎車燈及物動詞 vt.1）煞?。ㄜ嚕〆.g. He braked his car just in time to avoid an accident.他及時煞車，避免了一次事故。e.g. The driver braked hard as the child ran onto the road in front of him.那孩子跑到汽車前面的路上，司機(jī)猛踩剎車。2 ）抑制，約束e.g. There is little the government can do to brake inflation.政

23、府沒有多少辦法抑制通貨膨脹。10 .Pedal名詞n. C1）踏板；腳蹬e.g. He pushed hard on the brake pedal to avoid a collision.他使勁踩下煞車踏板以避免撞車。2）管風(fēng)琴的腳踏鍵11 . mournful形容詞a.1 ）憂傷的；悲切的；凄慘的e.g. the mournful howling of the wind凄厲的風(fēng)號聲e.g. a mournful expression on her face她臉上憂傷的神情e.g. a mournful story一個令人悲傷的故事2）悲觀的，意氣消沉的 e.g. take a mourn

24、ful view of human affairs對世事抱悲觀態(tài)度【課文講解】1. I was being tested for a driving license for the third time.第一個for表示目的；第二個 for表示次數(shù)driver ' s licenced照practice licence營業(yè)執(zhí)照test1 ） v.測驗(yàn)，檢查I ' d better have my eyes tested.我最好是檢查一下眼睛2 ） n.考試，試驗(yàn)，檢查，have a test drive 試車 test match國際錦標(biāo)賽動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞做定語的區(qū)別： 動名詞

25、做定語說明所修飾名詞的用途；現(xiàn)在分詞做定語，表示所修飾名詞進(jìn)行的動作。 a walking stick 拐杖（動名詞，a stick for walking ）a sleeping car臥鋪車廂 （動名詞，a car for sleeping ）the rising sun正在升起的太陽（現(xiàn)在分詞）the changing world 變化中的世界（現(xiàn)在分詞）2. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.heavy adj. 大量的，多的，密集的heavy traffic交通流量很大，交通

26、擁擠e.g. Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one.這條路的交通比另一邊的擁擠。traffic jam 堵車traffic lights, traffic signals 紅綠燈 heavy adj.e.g. He had a heavy, sullen face.陰沉的e.g. He dumped the heavy suitcases by the door.重的e.g. I felt so full after that heavy meal.食物（因油膩而）難消化的3. After having been instr

27、ucted to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.現(xiàn)在完成時被動形式；Having been+過去分詞（介詞短語作時間狀語，主從句的主語一致時，可簡化從句。）這句話等等與After I had been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquireconfidence.4. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased

28、 with my performance, for he smiled and said, must have been表示對過去的事情的猜測be pleased with對滿意eg: He was pleased with my progress.他對我的進(jìn)步很滿意Eg: She seemed very pleased that he had come.她似乎很滿意他來了。performancen. 表現(xiàn)，表演，履行實(shí)行eg: He is excellent in the performance of his duties.他在工作上表現(xiàn)出色Sure that I had passed, I

29、 was almost beginning to enjoy my test.在句首中省略了 being,這個分詞結(jié)構(gòu)在句中是狀語，表原因。eg: - Worried about his child, he didn' t sleep last night.=As he was worried about his child, he didn' t sleep last night.5. Just one more thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses theroad in front of

30、 you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.' Let us suppose that 讓我們彳矍設(shè) eg: Let us suppose that there is a forest fire.讓我們假設(shè)有一起森林火災(zāi)。Within prep.不超過，在。之內(nèi)eg: She returned within an hour .她不到一小時就回來了eg: We are now within sight of the shore.現(xiàn)在我們能看到海岸。6. I continued driving a

31、nd aftersome time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though thesound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react.It takes sb some time to do sthEg: It took me 10 minutes to persuade her to call back later.我花了 10分鐘說服她一會兒回電話。Can be heard情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)Eg: The mistake could be avoided.這錯誤可以被避免。7. I sud

32、denly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward.The examiner looked at me sadly. 'Mr. Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice, 'you have just killed that child!'in a voice 以的聲調(diào)in a mournful/angry/sad/cheerful voiceeg : He told them the news in a sad/excited voice.他用悲傷的聲音告訴

33、了他們那個消息be in good voice 嗓音好 lose one ' s voice 嗓子啞了 raise one ' s voice提高聲調(diào) with one voice 異 口同聲 give voice to說出意見eg: Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but then finally gave voice to her opinions about the subject.瑪麗在討論的初期階段沉默不語，不過最后她發(fā)表了對該問題的看法。the voice of reason理性的呼聲【

34、關(guān)鍵詞組摘錄】1. driving licence2. heavy traffic3. acquire confidence6.7.8.within five feetpress the brake pedal in a mournful voice4. be pleased with5. let us suppose that【Key structure 一被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：1 .被動語態(tài)由助動詞be +及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。現(xiàn)以do為例說明被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時：am /is/are + done一般過去時： was /we

35、re + done一般將來時： will /shall be + done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時： am /is/are being + done過去進(jìn)行時： was /were being + done現(xiàn)在完成時： have /has been + done2 .被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1）帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞+be +過去分詞。例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2）有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍 然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。例

36、His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3 ）在使役動詞 have, make, get以及感官動詞 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加 to。例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改為 A stranger was seen to walk in

37、to the building.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.可改為 The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.Mother never lets me watch TV .改為 I am never let to watch TV by mother .4 ）在被動語態(tài)中還可以用介詞+動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。介詞（after,before,on ） +動名詞這個結(jié)構(gòu)通常相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句。如果兩個動作中有一個在另一個開始之前已經(jīng)完成，則可以用after+動名詞的完成式表示

38、第一個動作；如果只表示先后順序，則可用 after （或before ） +動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)；on+動名詞通常表示 兩個動作幾乎同時發(fā)生。After having been instructedto drive out of the town, I began to acquire confidence.在接到把車開出城的指令后，我就開始有信心了。The man called the police after being robbed.那人遭搶劫后給警方打了電話He killed a child before being arrested他在被捕前殺死了一個孩子On/After being told

39、that her mother was seriously, she hurried back to England.她得知母親病重后連忙回到英國。被動語態(tài)用于介詞+動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)一般不用于口語，比較正式。練習(xí)：a)用所給動詞的正確時態(tài)和語態(tài)填空。1. Many stars can(see) at night.2. The report is(write) by one of the best students.3. Upon(rob), the man called the police at once.4. He killed a child before(arrest).5. On(tell

40、) that her mother was seriously ill, she hurried back to England.6. She was sent abroad to(train).7. The huge bridge(damage) before the World Warn .8. He(hear) to move about in her room upstairs last night.9. After(cheat) by a client, he changed his way of doing business.10. The driver must(punish)

41、by the police, he looked so unhappy.二 過去進(jìn)行時 was almost beginning1過去進(jìn)行時主要表示過去某個時刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動作，常和表示過去時間的狀語then ,at this (that )time , yesterday , at nine , last night等連用。但在不少情況下，沒有表示時間的狀語，這時需要通過上下文來表示Eg: What were you doing at nine last night?昨晚九點(diǎn)時，你在做什么？Eg: I called you yesterday afternoon but there

42、was no answer.昨天下午我打電話給你，但是沒有人接電話。Eg: I was visiting a friend of mine most of the afternoon.我昨天下午大部分時間，都在一個朋友家里。2當(dāng)兩個一長一短的動作在過去某時間同時發(fā)生時，用過去進(jìn)行時表示較長的動作。過去進(jìn)行時可用于主句，也 可用于從句.Eg:It was raining hard when I left my office.當(dāng)我離開辦公室時，雨下得正大。Eg: When you called , I was eating.你打電話時，我正在吃飯。Eg: When I was cleaning the windows, my brother was swe