初中英語中考總復(fù)習(xí)大全

1、第一篇詞法8 1 8 8 3 2 5«1 1 2 3 4 4二詞二二 i i 副 一 i i - - -hMJ八 2 一 司司衿訶同訶訶 加體形連介數(shù)動、 四、 五、 六、 七、 八、第二篇句法58一、主要句式58二、定語從句65三、常見習(xí)慣用語69四、土真與閱I買76附錄 85中學(xué)生英語學(xué)習(xí)常見錯誤一覽表8593102 103107107M 111N 1130 114P 115T 121UW 124Y 126第一篇詞法一、名詞(-)知識概要名詞的概念在不同的語法教課書中有不同的解釋 和分類方法，但就實際應(yīng)用來講還是不要過分地追求 其理論概念，而更多的要把注意力放在其應(yīng)用上來。 我們

2、不妨把它分為兩大類：專有名詞與普通名詞。顧 名思義，專有名詞是指：個人、事物、機(jī)關(guān)等所專有 的名稱，如，the Great Wall, America它們是不能 隨意變動的。而普通名詞中則包括個體名詞，如pen, worker它表示單一的個體人或事物；集體名詞，如： family,class, team,它表示的是由若干個個體組成的 集合體；物質(zhì)名詞，如：water,paper它表示的是一 種物質(zhì)，原材料；而后一種是抽象名詞，如:work, time它表示著一種在實際生活中看不見、摸不到， 但卻與實際生活緊密相關(guān)的某些動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)的 抽象概念。見下表。名詞一覽表種類專有名詞London,

3、John, the Communist Party of China 普通名詞類名詞 nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table集體名詞 class, family, army, police, team, people 物質(zhì)名詞 water, steel, glass, cotton, wood, sand 抽象名詞 happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest 功用主語 My family is now in New York.表語 His father is a scientist.賓語 We love our

4、 great motherland.賓語補(bǔ)足語 He made London the base for his work. 定語 The girls are making paper flowesrs.狀語 The car cost him 1000 dollars.同位語 Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here. 名詞在使用中的難點在于名詞的數(shù)，即可數(shù)名詞與不 可數(shù)名詞的實際應(yīng)用。不可數(shù)名詞不能用數(shù)字計算， 所以它通常只有單數(shù)形式。它包含有專有名詞、物質(zhì) 名詞、抽象名詞等，如： English,air,water,cotton,work可數(shù)名

5、詞是可以用數(shù) 量加以計算的名詞，所以它具有單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式 兩種?？蓴?shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律是：1 . 一般情況加 品如：pen pens, doctor 一 doctors,boyboys,其讀音規(guī)則是在清輔音后讀s, 在元音和濁輔音后讀z。如:mapmap , boy一 boys.2 .在以s,sh,ch,x結(jié)尾的名詞后面加es,如：bus一 buses,classclasses淇讀音為iz。3 .以ceoe,ze,(d)ge結(jié)尾的名詞加s,其讀音為iz。 4.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，要將y變?yōu)閕再加es, 讀作z,如：factory-factories,country-countri

6、es, family一families.但要注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加s,如:boyboys,daydays。5 .以。結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式一般要加es,但如果。 前面是元音字母或外來詞，縮寫詞以。結(jié)尾的則只加 s , 如：tomato - tomatoes,hero - heroes;photo - photos,radio-radios,piano-pianos6 .以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要將f或fe變?yōu)関 再加 es,如：knifeknives, leaf-leaves,但有些例外 的詞如roof的復(fù)數(shù)形式是roofso7 .不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是要單個記憶

7、的，它沒有規(guī) 律可循，如：man - men,woman - women, child - children, foot-feet,tooth-teeth, mouse-mice8 .單復(fù)同形的名詞有：fish, sheep,deer-9 .單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有:people,police等。名詞還有格的變化，其主格可作主語，賓格可作賓 語。還有所有格，用來表示人或物的所有，以及領(lǐng)屬 關(guān)系。表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加七 其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s',如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加回 如：a student's room, students* rooms, Children

8、's Day. 在表示時間、距離、世界、國家名詞的所有格要 用& 如：a twenty minutes，walk.但無生命名詞的所 有格則必須用 of 結(jié)構(gòu)，id： the capital of our country, the colour of the Howers(-)正誤辨析誤 Please give me a paper.正Please give me a piece of paper.析不要認(rèn)為可以數(shù)的名詞就是可數(shù)名詞，這種原 因是對英語中可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的概念與中文中的能 數(shù)與不能數(shù)相混淆了，所以造成了這樣的錯誤，因 paper在英語中是屬于物質(zhì)名詞一類，是不可數(shù)

9、名詞。 而不可數(shù)名詞要表達(dá)數(shù)量時，要用與之相關(guān)的量詞來 表達(dá), 如：two pieces of paper.誤Please give me two letter papers.IE Please give me two pieces of letter paper.析paper作為紙講是不可數(shù)名詞，而作為報紙、 考卷、文章講時則是可數(shù)名詞，如：Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt.誤My glasses is broken.正My glasses are broken.誤I want to buy two shoes.正

10、I want to buy two pairs of shoes.析英語中 glasses眼鏡，shoes鞋，trousers 褲子等由兩部分組成的名詞一般要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果 要表示一副眼鏡應(yīng)用a pair of glasses而這時的謂語動 詞應(yīng)與量詞相一致。如:This pair of glasses is very good.誤May I borrow two radioes?正May I borrow two radios?析以。結(jié)尾的名詞大都是用加es來表示其復(fù)數(shù)形 式，但如果。前面是一個元音字母或外來語時則只加 s 就可以了。這樣的詞有 zoozoos,pianopianos.誤T

11、his i§ a Mary's dictionary.正This is Mary's dictionary.析如名詞前有指示代詞this, that, these those,及其 他修飾詞our,some, every, which,或所有格時，則不 要再加冠詞。誤 There are much people in the garden.正 There are many people in the garden.析可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)用many, few, a few, a lot of來修 飾，而people是可數(shù)名詞，而且是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：The people are p

12、lanting trees here.誤I want a few water.正I want a little water.析不可數(shù)名詞前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some 來修飾，但不可用many,few來修飾。誤Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me.正Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me.誤Tom's and Mary's family are waiting for us.正Tom*s and Mary&

13、#39;s families are waiting for us.誤I'm sorry. I have to go. Tom's families are waiting for me.正Pm sorry. I have to go. Tom's family are waiting for me.析集合名詞如果指某個集合的整體，則應(yīng)視為單 數(shù)，如指某個集合體中的個體則應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)。如:My family is a big family. When 1 came in, Tom's family were watching TV.即湯姆一家人正在看電視。這樣的

14、集合名詞有：family class, team等。誤Don*t eat too much meats.正Donft eat too much meat.誤Food in that restaurant is very good.IE The food in that restaurant is very good.析物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，在使用中不可以加 即它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。也不可加不定冠詞。但如果用于 特指某一物質(zhì)時可以加定冠詞。如：I don't like drinking coffee, but the coffee in that cup is really good.誤Ple

15、ase give me two waters.IE Please give me two glasses of water.正Please give me two coffees.析物質(zhì)名詞如要加計量時，一定要加量詞，如： two cups of tea,two glasses of water,a glass of milk,a loaf of bread,a piece of bread,a box of sugar,a bowl of rice,a bottle of orange, a bag of earth例：ril tell you a piece of good news.但只

16、有coffee可以用coffees來取代many cups of coffee.誤 Can you give me the newspaper of today?正 Can you give me today's newspaper?析加's構(gòu)成所有格的名詞一般應(yīng)指有生命的人或 物。如：Mary's hair,但在英文的習(xí)慣用法中對時間、 距離等名詞的所有格多用's來構(gòu)成而不用of結(jié)構(gòu)。如： a five minutes* walk.誤Please make a room for the lady in the school bus.正Please make r

17、oom for the lady in the school bus. 析英語中更多的名詞是含有多種用法和多種含意 的，如：room為可數(shù)名詞時為“房間”，如live in Room 5.而room為抽象名詞時為空間上面一句話應(yīng)譯為“請 給老婦人在校車上留個地方?！边@樣的詞還有:glass玻 璃glasses眼鏡stone石頭a stone 一塊石頭time時 間two times兩次wood木頭woods樹林誤There is a flowers garden behind my house.正There is a flower garden behind my house.析名詞除了在句中

18、作主語、賓語、表語外，還可 以用來修飾另一個名詞，這時作修飾詞的名詞一般要 用單數(shù)形式,如：shoe factory （鞋廠）,post office（郵 局）,evening paper （晚報）,night school （夜校）,head mastei（校長）,a law school （法律學(xué)院）。但也有例外， 如:a goods train（貨車）,sports meeting （運(yùn)動會）。誤My mother bought two fishes for supper this morning.正My mother bought two fish for supper this mo

19、rning.析英語中有些名詞單復(fù)同形，如：fish, deer, sheep, Chinese （中國人），means （方法）。所以應(yīng)講one fish, two fish, one Chinese, two Chinese.如果講 There are five fishes in the pool.應(yīng)譯為池中有五種魚而不是五條 魚。誤Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend.正 Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend.析英J中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：thanks, greens,而有些詞單數(shù)形式與

20、復(fù)數(shù)形式有不同的詞 意。如:clothes為衣服,而cloth則是布,sand沙子, 而sands是沙灘。誤I offered my son my congratulation on hissuccess.正I offered my son my congratulations on hissuccess.析英語中表示祝賀的詞雖有單數(shù)形式，但一般要 用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。如握手為shake hands.誤 We have five German in this meeting.正 We have five Germans in this meeting.析英國人Englishman的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Engl

21、ishmen, 而German則要加s,因為它不是由國名與man的組 合詞。誤There are two As in this word.正There are two A's in this word.析在大寫字母縮寫形式的復(fù)數(shù)表達(dá)法中應(yīng)加s,但 如字母是A、1時，為了防止與As和Is相混，則要用即 A's, rs誤There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number.正There are three 6*s and two 3*s in my telephone number.析在小寫字母與數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)法中要用、 誤

22、We have many woman teachers in our school. 正 We have many women teachers in our school.析一般組合名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式時只將詞中心詞變 為復(fù)數(shù)如：half brotherhalf brothers（同父異母或同母異父的兄 弟）daughter in lawdaughtersin law,（兒媳）但要注意 的是： man driver一men drivers（男 司機(jī)）woman doctor-women doctors（女 大夫）grown upgrown up§（成年人）但是 boy student-

23、則變?yōu)?boy students 誤Physics are very difficult to learn.正Physics is very difficult to learn.析雖以s結(jié)尾但只能用作單數(shù)名詞有：科學(xué)，學(xué) 科名字:Physics. Mathematics politics 游戲名稱:bowls 專有名稱：Niagara Falls（尼亞加拉瀑布）其他名詞： news（消息,新聞）誤There is a people in the room.正There is a person in the room.正 There is a man in the room.析people是復(fù)

24、數(shù)名詞，不可用作單數(shù)，如要用來 講一個人時應(yīng)用a person, a man, a womano同樣的詞 有police.要講一個警察時則要用a policeman, a policewoman o誤Where is my shoe?IE Where are my shoes?析常常只用作復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞有trousers, pants, shorts（短褲），socks（襪子）,shoes, gloves（手套）。但如果 只找其中的一個則要指明，這時還是應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。 如：Where's my left glove?（我左手的手套在哪?）誤I paid five pennies for

25、the sweet.正I paid five pence for the sweet.析英語中便士有兩個復(fù)數(shù)形式pence用來表達(dá)一 定數(shù)量的錢。而pennies是指一個個的硬幣，如：I want to change this note for pennies.我想把這紙幣換成硬 幣。（即一便士一個的硬幣）。誤There are many fruit in the shop.正 There are many fruits in the shop.析物質(zhì)名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，但是用來表示種類時 則可以用作可數(shù)名詞，這里應(yīng)譯為各種各樣的水果。誤 There is a new car. It is Jo

26、ne's and Mary's.正There is a new car. It is Jone and Mary's.析有生命名詞的所有格，如果是單數(shù)名詞則加力 如:Maryas car.如果是以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則只在s 后面加'如：teachers，offices.如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞但不是 以s結(jié)尾,則只加's,如：children's palace組合名 詞的所有格是在最后一個詞尾加's如：girl friend 一 girl friend's someone else-someone else's a week or t

27、hree-a week or three*s如名詞后有同位語時,則應(yīng)加 在同位語的詞尾上，如：It is my girl friend, Mary、car. 要注意的是當(dāng)兩個名詞并列時，如表示歸兩人共同所 有，則在最后一個名詞后面加如果表示分別所有則 在兩個名詞后分別加's,如：This is Mary and Jone's home.BP Mary與Jone是一家人。這是他們共同的家。 而 These are Mary's and Jone's homes.貝！J應(yīng)譯為這里 是Mary的家與Jone的家。誤It is really beautiful. It

28、is a work of nature.正It is really beautiful. It is a Nature's work.析無生命名詞的所有格應(yīng)用of結(jié)構(gòu)。但是's形式 的所有格可用于以下無生命的名詞：表示時間的詞： today's newspaper, a twenty minutes* walk, an hour's, rest 表示長度的詞：three metres* distance, a boat's lengthy twenty miles* journey 表示重量的名詞：two pounds' weight 價格名詞：

29、two dollars*worth 擬人化的 名詞：Nature*s work, nature's lesson（大自然的教訓(xùn)） 及國家、機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體、城市等機(jī)構(gòu)性名詞：the university's library誤He is an old friend of my father.正He is an old friend of my father's.析這是英語中的一種習(xí)慣用法而不要根據(jù)語法去 推理。如:This pen is Tom's.誤My father is a good cooker.正My father is a good cook.析一般動詞加上

30、er后則轉(zhuǎn)意為執(zhí)行該動作的執(zhí)行 者，如:teach（教）teacher（老師）,think（想）一 thinker（思想家）,drive（開車）一driver（司機(jī)）,sell（賣）一 seller（賣物者）但不能總是以此類推，比如cook是 動詞“做飯”。而cook也可作為名詞“廚師”講，而 cooker則為廚具，餐具，即鍋、碗、勺等做飯用具。誤 The young is dancing there.正 The young are dancing there.析英文中用定冠詞加上形容詞表示一類人時應(yīng)按 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：the rich富人，the poor（窮人）,the wise 聰明人，但

31、如果用定冠詞加形容詞來表示事物則要用 作單數(shù)名詞,如：The beautiful is still here.美麗的風(fēng) 景依舊。誤The stories of the book was written many years ago正The stories of the book were written many years ago.析這句話的真正主語應(yīng)是stories,所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù) 謂語動詞。誤This is one of the English Chinese dictionary.正This is one of the English Chinese dictionaries.析one

32、of意為“之一”，of后面的名詞要用 復(fù)數(shù)形式。誤 Let's go to uncle Wang for supper.正Let's go to uncle Wang*s for supper.析unde Wang's意為"王叔叔家"，doctor's意 為“醫(yī)院或私人診所”。誤I think we will make a friend with each other.正I think we will make friends with each other.析make friends為習(xí)慣用法，即交朋友。誤I want to tell yo

33、u much pieces of good news. 正I want to tell you many pieces of good news.析news為不可數(shù)名詞，但加了量詞之后則要用 many來修飾量詞，因量詞是可數(shù)名詞，或可以說I want to tell you some good news因 some 艮口可用在可 數(shù)名詞前，也可用在不可數(shù)名詞前作形容詞，如：I want to tell you some pieces of good news.誤The teacher with five students are coming here. 正 The teacher with

34、five students is coming here.析要注意由with引出的介詞短語不是本句的主語, 這與連詞and有很大的區(qū)別，如：The teacher and five students are coming here.這里由介詞引出的短語僅 僅是teacher的修飾語。誤There are a lot of information here, but we don't need them.正There is a lot of information here, but we don't need it.析information為不可數(shù)名詞，而用作代替它的詞 要用i

35、t而不能用them.誤Many a student make the same mistake in the exam.正Many a student makes the same mistake in the exam.析many a加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，作主語時其謂語動詞 應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，但其意為許多學(xué)生。誤The children wear very good cloth to go to school today.正The children wear very good clothes to go to school today.析英文中 doth,clothes,clothing 是易混之詞

36、：cloth 是物質(zhì)名詞，意為“布”，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，而clothing 是指衣物的總稱，也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。clothes是指衣服, 但沒有單數(shù)形式，如：This clothing is needed in warm countries. Her clothes are made of fine doth.英文中的 dress則指較正規(guī)的服裝，如：a school dress校服， an evening dress 晚禮服。誤I like to study the English.正I like to study English.析作為一種學(xué)科名詞前不要用冠詞，而作為某一 特指學(xué)科則要加冠詞，如：

37、1 like to study history. I like to study the history of America.誤The Browns is going to visit China.正 The Browns are going to visit China.析定冠詞加姓加s,則意為“Brown先生一家人”。 所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。此句應(yīng)譯為：Brown先生一 家將要訪問中國。（三）例題解析1 . Lucy and Lily in the same class.A. am B. is C. are D. be答案C.析由and連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時應(yīng)按復(fù)數(shù)名 詞來搭配謂語動詞

38、。2 . Which is the to the bus stop, please?A road B way C street D address答案B.析這是考察同意詞辨析，road是指較寬闊的大道, 意為“鄉(xiāng)間公路”，而street意為道路兩邊的建筑物 較高，可視為街道之意，而way則多為要到達(dá)某地所 要經(jīng)過的途徑，還可引深為方式、方法。而address 貝lj為"地址"。如：There is a car running along the country road. I live at 105 Park street. Can you show me the way

39、to the National Museum?3 . Hurry up!There is time left.A little B a little C few D a few答案A.析因time作為時間講為不可數(shù)名詞，所以不可用 few, a few來修飾。另外，英文的表達(dá)法與中文不同， 中文講，快點，時間不多了，而英文要講，快點，沒 時間了。因此，要用little而不用a little.4 . How many can you see in the picture?A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato答案B.析用How many提問時，其名詞

40、要用復(fù)數(shù)形式， 而tomato的復(fù)數(shù)要加es.5 . 一 is the meat. Please? Ten yuan a kilo.A How much B How many C How old D How long答案A.析由對話的答語可看出其問句問的是價格。錢數(shù) 作為整體、價格講時，不論其值是多少都是不可數(shù)名 詞，要用how much提問。6 The boy's name is James Allen Green. So his given name isA James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green答案A.析英文的習(xí)慣與

41、中文不同，中文是姓在前名字在 后，而英文則是姓在最后，其第一個名字是由父母所 起的，中間的名字可能是父母、教父所起的，但都可 稱作given name,而姓在英文中是family name.7 Shanghai is one of the biggest in ourcountry.A city B city's C citys D cities答案D.析復(fù)音字母以y結(jié)尾的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式要把y變 成i再加es。one of加名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。8 Would you please pass me?A two paperB two papersC two pieces of pa

42、per D two pieces of papers答案C.析paper是不可數(shù)名詞，如講一張、兩張紙時， 要用量詞piece.9 September 10th is Day.A Teacher B Teachers C Teacher's D Teachers1答案D.10 I only have bread for lunch today.A a bit B a bit of C little D few答案B.11 wVVhat would you like, Ann? ” wTd like two，A glass of milkB glasses of milkC glass

43、of milks D glasses of milks答案B.12 There isn't paper in the box. Will you go and get for me?A any, some B any, any C some, some D some, any答案A.析any用于否定句與疑問句，但如果要表達(dá)說話 者真心實意希望得到肯定答復(fù)時，問句中要用some 而不要按一般語法規(guī)律用any.13 June 1st is.A Children's day B children's DayC Children's Day D children'

44、;s day答案c.14 These foreign friends are.A German B Germen C Germany D Germans答案D.15 All the students are busy, so of them will goto the cinema.A many B little C a few D few答案D.析student是可數(shù)名詞，而few用于可數(shù)名詞，意 為：幾乎沒有學(xué)生去電影院。16 There are three and sevenin thepicture.A deers, sheeps B deers, sheepC deer, sheep

45、 Ddeer, sheeps答案C.析deer與sheep均是單復(fù)同形的名詞。17 Whose room is this? Itfs.A my B K汰e's and John'sC our D Kike and John's答案D.析因為room為單數(shù)，所以不可能是Kike的一間 與John的一間，應(yīng)為二者共用的一間房子。二、冠詞（一）知識概要冠詞在英語中只有3個詞，分為兩類：不定冠詞a與 an,定冠詞the。a用在以輔音開始的單數(shù)名詞前， an用于以元音開始的單詞前。不定冠詞用來表示一類 事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠詞則用于特指的某一 個或某些事物，可用于不可數(shù)名詞

46、、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。（二）正誤辨析誤This building is an university.正This building is a university.析a用于以輔音音素開始的單詞前，而an用于以 元音音素開始的單詞前，而不是元音字母開頭的單詞 前。university的第一個音素是j,所以用a而不 要用 an。又如：There is a "n" in the word.是錯句， 應(yīng)為：There is an "n" in the word.因字母n的發(fā)音 的第一個音素是元音。要注意的還有hour因其第一個 字母h不發(fā)音，所以應(yīng)該用

47、an hour。例如：I need an hour to finish the work.It is a useful dictionary.It is a European country.I bought a used car.誤I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.正I need an umbrella because it looks like raining. 析因umbrella的第一個音素是元音，所以應(yīng)用an.常用的情況有：an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an id

48、ea, an hour ago, an honest boy 。誤"Can you help me" aSorry, I'm in hurry." 正“Can you help me" “Sorry. I'm in a hurry.” 析不定冠詞的主要用法如下：1 .用來表示一類人或事物，如：She is a teacher.2 .指某一類人或事物中的一個，如：An elephant is bigger than a horse.3 .泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school ga

49、te.4 .相當(dāng)于"one”的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary.5 .其主要的難點是用在固定詞組中：如：have a walk/a rest /a look又如：inahuiry匆匆忙忙make a face作鬼臉do somebody a favour 幫某人忙a number of =many又如：have a good time （玩得好）have a cold （感冒）have a headache （頭痛）have a break=have a rest誤I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dict

50、ionary is very good.正I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.析i在文章中第一次提到某物時用不定冠詞，而第 二次提到時用定冠詞。誤Please turn off lights before you leave.IE Please turn off the lights before you leave.析雖然是第一次提到某物但說話雙方均知其所指, 也應(yīng)用定冠詞。誤 There are nine planets around a sun.IE There are nine planets aro

51、und the sun.析世上獨一無二的天體等名詞前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如： the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.誤I live on a second floor of this building.正I live on the second floor of this building.析在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級前要用定冠詞。如：He is the oldest in the family.誤I want to learn the second language this term.正I want to learn a second langu

52、age this term.析在序數(shù)詞的含意不是順序中的第一第二，而其 意在于再學(xué)一個，再來一個時，應(yīng)用a,本句的意思 應(yīng)為：這學(xué)期我要學(xué)一門第二外語。誤Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.IE The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.析在河流名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the Yellow River（黃河）。誤Look, there are Alp.誤Look, there are the Alp.正Look, there are the Alps.

53、析具體的某一座山不加定冠詞，如：Mountain Tai. 但在山名稱前加定冠詞后，其山名要加s,來表示山脈。 the Alps即為阿爾卑斯山脈。如:The Alps are in the center of Europe.誤Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.正The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.析報刊名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞。誤 Rich are not always happy.正The rich are not always happy.析在形容詞前加定冠

54、詞表示一類人，而在姓的前 面加定冠詞，姓后加s表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York.誤I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good.IE I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.析物質(zhì)名詞A指時也應(yīng)加定冠詞。誤The sun rises in east.正The sun rises in the east.析在方向、方位前

55、應(yīng)用定冠詞，如：in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及 in the past, in the future誤 Do you know who invented telephone正Do you know who invented the telephone析在特定和專有事物或名稱前要加定冠詞，如：the English Channel英吉利海峽the Panama Canal巴拿馬運(yùn)河the Suez Canal 蘇伊士運(yùn)河誤 Would you please buy some food

56、 for the supper 正 Would you please buy some food for supper 析泛指一日三餐前無定冠詞。誤I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.正I like to climb the mountain in autumn.析一年四季前不用定冠詞，如：Spring is the best season in a year.誤Sometimes my parents come to school to see me.正Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me.析有些名詞被用作其本身原來所含目的時不加冠 詞，如：go to school 上學(xué)，leave school（輟學(xué)），after school（放學(xué)），但如果當(dāng)建筑物講時應(yīng)加冠詞，如例句 中其父母來校不是上學(xué)，而是看望孩子，則要加定冠 詞。又如,He was in hospital for two days.（他在醫(yī)院 住院兩天了。）而：He went to the hospital to see his mother .他去醫(yī)院看望他的母親。誤1 bought a same dictionary as she bought.正I bought the same