全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程3課文原文與翻譯完整版

1、unit1Mr.DohertyBuildsHisDreamLifeInAmericamanypeoplehavearomanticideaoflifeinthecountryside.Manylivingintownsdreamofstartinguptheirownfarm,oflivingofftheland.Fewgetroundtoputtingtheirdreamsintopractice.Thisisperhapsjustaswell,asthelifeofafarmerisfarfromeasy,asJimDohertydiscoveredwhenhesetouttocombin

2、ebeingawriterwithrunningafarm.Nevertheless,asheexplains,hehasnoregretsandremainsenthusiasticabouthisdecisiontochangehiswayoflife.在美國,不少人對鄉(xiāng)村生活懷有浪漫的情感.許多居住在城鎮(zhèn)的人夢想著自己辦個農(nóng)場,夢想著靠土地為生.很少有人真去把夢想變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí).或許這也沒有什么不好,因?yàn)?正如吉姆多爾蒂當(dāng)初開始其寫作和農(nóng)場經(jīng)營雙重生涯時所體驗(yàn)到的那樣,農(nóng)耕生活遠(yuǎn)非輕松自在.但他寫道,自己并不懊悔,對自己作出的改變生活方式的決定仍熱情不減.Mr.DohertyBuildsHis

3、DreamLifeJimDoherty1 TherearetwothingsIhavealwayswantedtodo-writeandliveonafarm.TodayI'mdoingboth.IamnotinE.B.White'sclassasawriterorinmyneighbors'leagueasafarmer,butI'mgettingby.Andafteryearsoffrustrationwithcityandsuburbanliving,mywifeSandyandIhavefinallyfoundcontentmenthereintheco

4、untry.有兩件事是我一直想做的寫作與務(wù)農(nóng).如今我同時做著這兩件事.作為作家,我和EB懷特不屬同一等級,作為農(nóng)場主,我和鄉(xiāng)鄰也不是同一類人,不過我應(yīng)付得還行.在城市以及郊區(qū)歷經(jīng)多年的悵惘失望之后,我和妻子桑迪終于在這里的鄉(xiāng)村尋覓到心靈的滿足.2 It'saself-reliantsortoflife.Wegrownearlyallofourfruitsandvegetables.Ourhenskeepusineggs,withseveraldozenleftovertoselleachweek.Ourbeesprovideuswithhoney,andwecutenoughwoodt

5、ojustaboutmakeitthroughtheheatingseason.這是一種自力更生的生活.我們食用的果蔬幾乎都是自己種的.自家飼養(yǎng)的雞提供雞蛋,每星期還能剩余幾十個出售.自家養(yǎng)殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜,我們還自己動手砍柴,足可供過冬取暖之用.3 It'sasatisfyinglifetoo.Inthesummerwecanoeontheriver,gopicnickinginthewoodsandtakelongbicyclerides.Inthewinterweskiandskate.Wegetexcitedaboutsunsets.Welovethesmelloftheear

6、thwarmingandthesoundofcattlelowing.Wewatchforhawksintheskyanddeerinthecornfields.這也是一種令人滿足的生活.夏日里我們在河上蕩舟,在林子里野餐,騎著自行車長時間漫游.冬日里我們滑雪溜冰.我們?yōu)槁淙盏挠噍x而沖動.我們愛聞大地回暖的氣息,愛聽牛群峰叫.我們守著看鷹兒飛過上空,看玉米田間鹿群嬉躍.4 Butthegoodlifecangetprettytough.Threemonthsagowhenitwas30below,wespenttwomiserabledayshaulingfirewooduptherivero

7、nasled.Threemonthsfromnow,itwillbe95aboveandwewillbecultivatingcorn,weedingstrawberriesandkillingchickens.Recently,SandyandIhadtoretilethebackroof.SoonJim,16andEmily,13,theyoungestofourfourchildren,willhelpmemakesomelong-overdueimprovementsontheoutdoortoiletthatsupplementsourindoorplumbingwhenwearew

8、orkingoutside.Laterthismonth,we'llspraytheorchard,paintthebarn,plantthegardenandcleanthehenhousebeforethenewchicksarrive.但如此美妙的生活有時會變得相當(dāng)艱苦.就在三個月前,氣溫降到華氏零下30度,我們辛苦勞作了整整兩天,用一個雪橇沿著河邊拖運(yùn)木柴.再過三個月,氣溫會升到95度,我們就要給玉米松土,在草莓地除草,還要宰殺家禽.前一陣子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋頂.過些時候,四個孩子中的兩個小的,16歲的吉米和13歲的埃米莉,會幫著我一起把拖了很久沒修的室外廁所修葺一下,那是

9、專為室外干活修建的.這個月晚些時候,我們要給果樹噴灑藥水,要油漆谷倉,要給菜園播種,要趕在新的小雞運(yùn)到之前清掃雞舍.5 Inbetweensuchchores,Imanagetospend50to60hoursaweekatthetypewriterordoingreportingforthefreelancearticlesIselltomagazinesandnewspapers.Sandy,meanwhile,pursuesherowndemandingschedule.Besidestheusualhouseholdroutine,sheoverseesthegardenandbeeh

10、ives,bakesbread,cansandfreezes,drivesthekidstotheirmusiclessons,practiceswiththem,takesorganlessonsonherown,doesresearchandtypingforme,writesanarticleherselfnowandthen,tendstheflowerbeds,stacksalittlewoodanddeliverstheeggs.Thereis,astheoldsayinggoes,norestforthewickedonaplacelikethis-andnotmuchforth

11、evirtuouseither.在這些活計(jì)之間,我每周要抽空花五、六十個小時,不是打字撰文,就是為作為自由撰稿人投給報刊的文章進(jìn)行采訪.桑迪那么有她自己繁忙的工作日程.除了日常的家務(wù),她還照管菜園和蜂房,烘烤面包,將食品裝罐、冷藏,開車送孩子學(xué)音樂,和他們一起練習(xí),自己還要上風(fēng)琴課,為我做些研究工作并打字,自己有時也寫寫文章,還要侍弄花圃,堆摞木柴、運(yùn)送雞蛋.正如老話說的那樣,在這種情形之下,壞人不得閑一一賢德之人也歇不了.6 Noneofuswilleverforgetourfirstwinter.WewereburiedunderfivefeetofsnowfromDecemberthro

12、ughMarch.Whileonestormafteranotherblastedhugedriftsupagainstthehouseandbarn,wekeptwarminsideburningourownwood,eatingourownapplesandlovingeveryminuteofit.我們誰也不會忘記第一年的冬天.從12月一直到3月底,我們都被深達(dá)5英尺的積雪困著.暴風(fēng)雪肆虐,一場接著一場,積雪厚厚地覆蓋著屋子和谷倉,而室內(nèi),我們用自己砍伐的木柴燒火取暖,吃著自家種植的蘋果,溫馨快樂每一分鐘.7 Whenspringcame,itbroughttwofloods.First

13、theriveroverflowed,coveringmuchofourlandforweeks.Thenthegrowingseasonbegan,swampingusunderwaveafterwaveofproduce.Ourfreezerfilledupwithcherries,raspberries,strawberries,asparagus,peas,beansandcorn.Thenourcanned-goodsshelvesandcupboardsbegantogrowwithpreserves,tomatojuice,grapejuice,plums,jamsandjell

14、ies.Eventually,thebasementfloordisappearedunderpilesofpotatoes,squashandpumpkins,andthebarnbegantofillwithapplesandpears.Itwasamazing.開春后,有過兩次泛濫.一次是河水外溢,我們不少田地被淹了幾個星期.接著一次是生長季節(jié)到了,一波又一波的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品潮涌而來,弄得我們應(yīng)接不暇.我們的冰箱里塞滿了櫻桃、藍(lán)莓、草莓、蘆筍、豌豆、青豆和玉米.接著我們存放食品罐的架子上、柜櫥里也開始堆滿一罐罐的腌漬食品,有番茄汁、葡萄汁、李子、果醬和果凍.最后,地窖里遍地是大堆大堆的土豆、西葫

15、蘆、南瓜,谷倉里也儲滿了蘋果和梨.真是太美妙了.8 Thenextyearwegrewevenmorefoodandmanagedtogetthroughthewinteronfirewoodthatwasmostlyfromourowntreesandonly100gallonsofheatingoil.AtthatpointIbeganthinkingseriouslyaboutquittingmyjobandstartingtofreelance.Thetimingwasterrible.Bythen,ShawnandAmy,ouroldestgirlswereattendingexpe

16、nsiveIvyLeagueschoolsandwehadonlyafewthousanddollarsinthebank.Yetwekeptcomingbacktothesamequestion:Willthereeverbeabettertime?Theanswer,decidedly,wasno,andso-withmyemployer'sblessingsandhalfayear'spayinaccumulatedbenefitsinmypocket-offIwent.第二年我們種了更多的作物,差不多就靠著從自家樹林砍斫的木柴以及僅僅100加侖的燃油過了冬.其時,我開始

17、認(rèn)真考慮起辭了職去從事自由撰稿的事來.時機(jī)選得實(shí)在太差.當(dāng)時,兩個大的女兒肖恩和埃米正在費(fèi)用很高的常春藤學(xué)校上學(xué),而我們只有幾千美金的銀行存款.但我們一再回到一個老問題上來：真的會有更好的時機(jī)嗎？答案無疑是否認(rèn)的.于是,帶著老板的祝福,口袋里揣著作為累積津貼的半年薪水,我走了.9 Therehavebeenafewanxiousmomentssincethen,butonbalancethingshavegonemuchbetterthanwehadanyrighttoexpect.Forvariousstoriesofmine,I'vecrawledintoblack-bearden

18、sforSportsIllustrated,hitchedupdogsledracingteamsforSmithsonianmagazine,checkedouttheLakeChamplain"monster"forScienceDigest,andcanoedthroughtheBoundaryWaterswildernessareaofMinnesotaforDestinations.那以后有過一些焦慮的時刻,但總的來說,情況比我們料想的要好得多.為了寫那些內(nèi)容各不相同的文章,我為體育畫報爬進(jìn)過黑熊窩；為史密森期刊替參賽的一組組狗套上過雪橇；為科學(xué)文摘調(diào)查過尚普蘭湖

19、水怪的真相；為經(jīng)點(diǎn)雜志在明尼蘇達(dá)劃著小舟穿越美、加邊界水域內(nèi)的公共荒野保護(hù)區(qū).10 I'mnotmakinganywherenearasmuchmoneyasIdidwhenIwasemployedfulltime,butnowwedon'tneedasmucheither.Igenerateenoughincometohandleour$600-a-monthmortgagepaymentsplustheusualexpensesforafamilylikeours.Thatincludeseverythingfrommusiclessonsanddentalbillstoc

20、arrepairsandcollegecosts.Whenitcomestoinsurance,wehaveapoorman'smajor-medicalpolicy.Wehavetopaythefirst$500ofanymedicalfeesforeachmemberofthefamily.Itpicksup80%ofthecostsbeyondthat.Althoughwearestuckwithpayingminorexpenses,ourpremiumislow-only$560ayear-andwearecoveredagainstcatastrophe.Asidefrom

21、thatandthepolicyonourtwocarsat$400ayear,wehavenootherinsurance.Butwearesettingaside$2,000ayearinanIRA.我掙的錢遠(yuǎn)比不上擔(dān)任全職工作時的收入,可如今我們需要的錢也沒有過去多.我掙的錢足以應(yīng)付每月600美金的房屋貸款按揭以及一家人的日常開銷.那些開銷包括了所有支出,如音樂課學(xué)費(fèi)、牙醫(yī)賬單、汽車維修以及大學(xué)費(fèi)用等等.至于保險,我們買了一份低收入者的主要醫(yī)療工程保險.我們需要為每一位家庭成員的任何一項(xiàng)醫(yī)療費(fèi)用支付最初的500美金.醫(yī)療保險那么支付超出局部的80%.雖然我們?nèi)砸Ц缎【植酷t(yī)療費(fèi)用,但我們

22、的保險費(fèi)也低-每年只要560美金-而我們給自己生大病保了險.除了這一保險工程,以及兩輛汽車每年400美金的保險,我們就沒有其他保險了.不過我們每年留出2000美元入個人退休金賬戶.11 We'vebeenabletomakeupthedifferenceinincomebycuttingbackwithoutappreciablyloweringourstandardofliving.Wecontinuetodineoutonceortwiceamonth,butnowwepatronizelocalrestaurantsinsteadofmoreexpensiveplacesinth

23、ecity.WestillattendtheoperaandballetinMilwaukeebutonlyafewtimesayear.Weeatlessmeat,drinkcheaperwineandseefewermovies.ExtravagantChristmasesareamemory,andwecombinevacationswithstoryassignments.我們通過節(jié)約開支而又不明顯降低生活水準(zhǔn)的方式來彌補(bǔ)收入差額.我們每個月仍出去吃一兩次飯,不過現(xiàn)在我們光臨的是當(dāng)?shù)夭宛^,而不是城里的高級飯店.我們?nèi)匀ッ軤栁只牳鑴】窗爬傺莩?不過一年才幾次.我們?nèi)獬缘蒙倭?酒喝得廉價

24、了,電影看得少了.鋪張的圣誕節(jié)成為一種回憶,我們把完成稿約作為度假的一局部12 Isuspectnoteveryonewholovesthecountrywouldbehappylivingthewaywedo.Ittakesacoupleofspecialqualities.Oneisatoleranceforsolitude.Becausewearesobusyandonsuchatightbudget,wedon'tentertainmuch.Duringthegrowingseasonthereisnotimeforsocializinganyway.JimandEmilyar

25、einvolvedinschoolactivities,buttheytoospendmostoftheirtimeathome.我想,不是所有熱愛鄉(xiāng)村的人都會樂意過我們這種生活的.這種生活需要一些特殊的素質(zhì).其一是耐得住寂寞.由于我們?nèi)绱嗣β?手頭又緊,我們很少請客.在作物生長季節(jié),根本就沒工夫參加社交活動.吉米和埃米莉雖然參加學(xué)校的各種活動,但他倆大多數(shù)時間也呆在家里.13 Theotherrequirementisenergy-alotofit.Thewaytomakeself-sufficiencyworkonasmallscaleistoresistthetemptationtobu

26、yatractorandotherexpensivelaborsavingdevices.Instead,youdotheworkyourself.Theonlymachineryweown(notcountingthelawnmower)isalittlethree-horsepowerrotarycultivatoranda16-inchchainsaw.另一項(xiàng)要求是體力一一相當(dāng)大的體力.小范圍里實(shí)現(xiàn)自給自足的途徑是抵抗誘惑,不去購置拖拉機(jī)和其他昂貴的節(jié)省勞力的機(jī)械.相反,你要自己動手.我們僅有的機(jī)器(不包括割草機(jī))是一臺3馬力的小型旋轉(zhuǎn)式耕耘機(jī)以及一架16英寸的鏈鋸.14 Howmuch

27、longerwe'llhaveenoughenergytostayonhereisanybody'sguess-perhapsforquiteawhile,perhapsnot.Whenthetimecomes,we'llleavewithafeelingofsorrowbutalsowithasenseofprideatwhatwe'vebeenabletoaccomplish.Weshouldmakeafairprofitonthesaleoftheplace,too.We'veinvestedabout$35,000ofourownmoneyini

28、t,andwecouldjustaboutdoublethatifwesoldtoday.Butthisisnotagoodtimetosell.Onceeconomicconditionsimprove,however,demandforfarmslikeoursshouldbestrongagain.沒人知道我們還能有精力在這里再呆多久-也許呆很長一陣子,也許不是.到走的時候,我們會愴然離去,但也會為自己所做的一切深感自豪.我們把農(nóng)場出售也會賺相當(dāng)大一筆錢.我們自己在農(nóng)場投入了約35,000美金的資金,要是現(xiàn)在售出的話價格差不多可以翻一倍.不過現(xiàn)在不是出售的好時機(jī).但是一旦經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢好轉(zhuǎn),對

29、我們這種農(nóng)場的需求又會增多.15 Wedidn'tmovehereprimarilytoearnmoneythough.Wecamebecausewewantedtoimprovethequalityofourlives.WhenIwatchEmilycollectingeggsintheevening,fishingwithJimontheriverorenjoyinganold-fashionedpicnicintheorchardwiththeentirefamily,Iknowwe'vefoundjustwhatwewerelookingfor.但我們主要不是為了賺錢而

30、移居至此的.我們來此居住是由于想提升生活質(zhì)量.我看著埃米莉黃昏去收雞蛋,跟吉米一起在河上釣魚,或和全家人一起在果園里享用老式的野餐,我知道,我們找到了自己一直在尋求的生活方式.unit2TheFreedomGiversIn2004acenterinhonorofthe"undergroundrailroad"opensinCincinnati.Therailroadwasunusual.Itsoldnoticketsandhadnotrains.Yetitcarriedthousandsofpassengerstothedestinationoftheirdreams.20

31、04年,一個紀(jì)念地下鐵路的中央將在辛辛那提州成立.這條鐵路不同尋常,它不出售車票,也無火車行駛.然而,它將成千上萬的乘客送往他們夢想中的目的地.TheFreedomGiversFergusM.BordewichAgentlebreezeswepttheCanadianplainsasIsteppedoutsidethesmalltwo-storyhouse.Alongsidemewasaslenderwomaninablackdress,myguidebacktoatimewhenthesurroundingsettlementinDresden,Ontario,washometoaheroi

32、nAmericanhistory.Aswewalkedtowardaplaingraychurch,BarbaraCarterspokeproudlyofhergreat-great-grandfather,JosiahHenson."HewasconfidentthattheCreatorintendedallmentobecreatedequal.Andhenevergaveupstrugglingforthatfreedom.給人以自由者弗格斯M博得威奇我步出這幢兩層小屋,加拿大平原上輕風(fēng)微拂.我身邊是一位苗條的黑衣女子,把我?guī)Щ氐竭^去的向?qū)?那時,安大概省得雷斯頓這一帶住著美

33、國歷史上的一位英雄.我們前往一座普普通通的灰色教堂,芭芭拉卡特自豪地談?wù)撝涓咦鎲藤悂喓嗌?彳也堅(jiān)信上帝要所有人生來平等.他從來沒有停止過爭取這一自由權(quán)利的奮斗.2 Carter'sdevotiontoherancestorisaboutmorethanpersonalpride:itisaboutfamilyhonor.ForJosiahHensonhaslivedonthroughthecharacterinAmericanfictionthathehelpedinspire:UncleTom,thelong-sufferingslaveinHarrietBeecherStowe&

34、#39;sUncleTom'sCabin.Ironically,thatcharacterhascometosymbolizeeverythingHensonwasnot.Aracialselloutunwillingtostandupforhimself?Cartergetsangryatthethought."JosiahHensonwasamanofprinciple,"shesaidfirmly.卡特對其先輩的忠誠不僅僅關(guān)乎一己之驕傲,而關(guān)乎家族榮譽(yù).由于喬賽亞亨森至今仍為人所知是由于他所激發(fā)的創(chuàng)作靈感使得一個美國小說人物問世湯姆叔叔,哈麗特比徹斯陀的小說湯

35、姆叔叔的小屋?中那個逆來順受的黑奴.具有挖苦意味的是,這一人物所象征的一切在亨森身上一點(diǎn)都找不到.一個不愿奮起力爭、背叛種族的黑人？卡特對此頗為憤慨.喬賽亞亨森是個有原那么的人,她肯定地說.3 IhadtraveledheretoHenson'slasthome-nowahistoricsitethatCarterformerlydirected-tolearnmoreaboutamanwhowas,inmanyways,anAfrican-AmericanMoses.Afterwinninghisownfreedomfromslavery,Hensonsecretlyhelpedhu

36、ndredsofotherslavestoescapenorthtoCanada-andliberty.ManysettledhereinDresdenwithhim.我遠(yuǎn)道前來亨森最后的居所一一如今已成為卡特曾治理過的一處歷史遺跡一一是為了更多地了解此人,他在許多方面堪稱黑人摩西.亨森自己擺脫了黑奴身份獲得自由之后,便秘密幫助其他許多黑奴逃奔北方去加拿大一一逃奔自由之地.許多人和他一起在得雷斯頓這一帶定居了下來.4 Yetthisstopwasonlypartofamuchlargermissionforme.JosiahHensonisbutonenameonalonglistofcour

37、ageousmenandwomenwhotogetherforgedtheUndergroundRailroad,asecretwebofescaperoutesandsafehousesthattheyusedtoliberateslavesfromtheAmericanSouth.Between1820and1860,asmanyas100,000slavestraveledtheRailroadtofreedom.但此地只是我所承當(dāng)?shù)姆敝厥姑囊惶幫Ａ舻?喬賽亞亨森只是一長串無所畏懼的男女名單中的一個名字,這些人共同創(chuàng)立了這條地下鐵路,一條由逃亡線路和可靠的人家組成的用以解放美國南方黑奴

38、的秘密網(wǎng)絡(luò).在1820年至1860年期間,多達(dá)十萬名黑奴經(jīng)由此路走向自由.5 InOctober2000,PresidentClintonauthorized$16millionfortheNationalUndergroundRailroadFreedomCentertohonorthisfirstgreatcivil-rightsstruggleintheU.S.Thecenterisscheduledtoopenin2004inCincinnati.Andit'sabouttime.FortheheroesoftheUndergroundRailroadremaintoolitt

39、leremembered,theirexploitsstilllargelyunsung.Iwasintentontellingtheirstories.2000年10月,克林頓總統(tǒng)批準(zhǔn)撥款1600萬美元建造全國地下鐵路自由中央,以此紀(jì)念美國歷史上第一次偉大的民權(quán)斗爭.中央方案于2004年在辛辛那提州建成.真是該建立這樣一個中央的時候了.由于地下鐵路的英雄們依然默默無聞,他們的業(yè)績依然少人頌揚(yáng).我要講述他們的故事.6 JohnParkertensedwhenheheardthesoftknock.Peeringouthisdoorintothenight,herecognizedtheface

40、ofatrustedneighbor."There'sapartyofescapedslaveshidinginthewoodsinKentucky,twentymilesfromtheriver,"themanwhisperedurgently.Parkerdidn'thesitate."I'llgo,"hesaid,pushingapairofpistolsintohispockets.聽到輕輕的敲門聲,約翰帕克神情緊張起來.他開門窺望,夜色中認(rèn)出是一位可靠的鄰居.宥一群逃亡奴隸躲在肯塔基州的樹林里,就在離河20英里的地方,那

41、人用急迫的口氣低語道.帕克沒一點(diǎn)兒遲疑.我就去,他說著,把兩支手槍揣進(jìn)口袋.7 Bornaslavetwodecadesbefore,inthe1820s,ParkerhadbeentakenfromhismotheratageeightandforcedtowalkinchainsfromVirginiatoAlabama,wherehewassoldontheslavemarket.Determinedtolivefreesomeday,hemanagedtogettrainedinironmolding.Eventuallyhesavedenoughmoneyworkingatthist

42、radeonthesidetobuyhisfreedom.Now,byday,ParkerworkedinanironfoundryintheOhioportofRipley.Bynighthewasa"conductor"ontheUndergroundRailroad,helpingpeopleslipbytheslavehunters.InKentucky,wherehewasnowheaded,therewasa$1000rewardforhiscapture,deadoralive.20年前,即19世紀(jì)20年代,生來即為黑奴的帕克才8歲就被從母親身邊帶走,被迫拖著

43、鐐銬從弗吉尼亞走到阿拉巴馬,在那里的黑奴市場被買走.他打定主意有朝一日要過自由的生活,便設(shè)法學(xué)會了鑄鐵這門手藝.后來他終于靠這門手藝攢夠錢贖回了自由.現(xiàn)在,帕克白天在俄亥俄州里普利港的一家鑄鐵廠干活.到了晚上,他就成了地下鐵路的一位乘務(wù)員,幫助人們避開追捕逃亡黑奴的人.在他正前往的肯塔基州,當(dāng)局懸賞1000美元抓他,活人死尸都要.8 CrossingtheOhioRiveronthatchillynight,Parkerfoundtenfugitivesfrozenwithfear."Getyourbundlesandfollowme,"hetoldthem,leading

44、theeightmenandtwowomentowardtheriver.Theyhadalmostreachedshorewhenawatchmanspottedthemandracedofftospreadthenews.在那個陰冷的夜晚,帕克渡過俄亥俄河,找到了十個喪魂落魄的逃亡者.拿好包裹跟我走,他一邊吩咐他們,一邊帶著這八男二女朝河邊走去.就要到岸時,一個巡夜人發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們,急忙跑開去報告.9 Parkersawasmallboatand,withashout,pushedtheescapingslavesintoit.Therewasroomforallbuttwo.Astheboa

45、tslidacrosstheriver,Parkerwatchedhelplesslyasthepursuersclosedinaroundthemenhewasforcedtoleavebehind.帕克看見一條小船,便大喝一聲,把那些逃亡黑奴推上了船.大家都上了船,但有兩個人容不下.小船徐徐駛向?qū)Π?帕克眼睜睜地看著追捕者把他被迫留下的兩個男人圍住.10 TheothersmadeittotheOhioshore,whereParkerhurriedlyarrangedforawagontotakethemtothenext"station"ontheUndergrou

46、ndRailroad-thefirstlegoftheirjourneytosafetyinCanada.Overthecourseofhislife,JohnParkerguidedmorethan400slavestosafety.其他的人都上了岸,帕克急忙安排了一輛車把他們帶到地下鐵路的下一站一-他們走向平安的加拿大之旅的第一程.約翰帕克在有生之年一共帶著400多名黑奴走向平安之地.11 Whileblackconductorswereoftenmotivatedbytheirownpainfulexperiences,whiteswerecommonlydrivenbyreligiou

47、sconvictions.LeviCoffin,aQuakerraisedinNorthCarolina,explained,"TheBible,inbiddingustofeedthehungryandclothethenaked,saidnothingaboutcolor."黑人去當(dāng)乘務(wù)員常常是由于本人痛苦的經(jīng)歷,而那些白人那么往往是受了宗教信仰的感召.在北卡羅來納州長大的貴格會教徒利瓦伊科芬解釋說：“圣經(jīng)上只是要我們給饑者以食物,無衣者以衣衫,但沒提到過膚色的事.12 Inthe1820sCoffinmovedwesttoNewport(nowFountainCity

48、),Indiana,whereheopenedastore.WordspreadthatfleeingslavescouldalwaysfindrefugeattheCoffinhome.Attimesheshelteredasmanyas17fugitivesatonce,andhekeptateamandwagonreadytoconveythemonthenextlegoftheirjourney.EventuallythreeprincipalroutesconvergedattheCoffinhouse,whichcametobetheGrandCentralTerminalofth

49、eUndergroundRailroad.即今天的噴泉市,在.有時他一次庇護(hù)的逃.到后來有三條主要路在19世紀(jì)20年代,科芬向西遷移前往印第安納州的新港那里開了一家小店.人們傳說,逃亡黑奴在科芬家總是能得到庇護(hù)亡者就多達(dá)17人,他還備有一組人員和車輛把他們送往下一段行程線在科芬家集合,科芬家成了地下鐵路的中央車站13 Forhisefforts,Coffinreceivedfrequentdeaththreatsandwarningsthathisstoreandhomewouldbeburned.Nearlyeveryconductorfacedsimilarrisks-orworse.In

50、theNorth,amagistratemighthaveimposedafineorabriefjailsentenceforaidingthoseescaping.IntheSouthernstates,whitesweresentencedtomonthsorevenyearsinjail.OnecourageousMethodistminister,CalvinFairbank,wasimprisonedformorethan17yearsinKentucky,wherehekeptalogofhisbeatings:35,105stripeswiththewhip.科芬經(jīng)常由于他做的

51、工作受到被殺的威脅,收到焚毀他店鋪和住宅的警告.幾乎每一個乘務(wù)員都面臨類似的危險一一或者更為嚴(yán)重.在北方,治安官會對幫助逃亡的人課以罰金,或判以短期監(jiān)禁.在南方各州,白人那么被判處幾個月甚至幾年的監(jiān)禁.一位勇敢的循道宗牧師卡爾文費(fèi)爾班克在肯塔基州被關(guān)押了17年多,他記錄了自己遭受毒打的情況：總共被鞭笞了35,105下.14 Asfortheslaves,escapemeantajourneyofhundredsofmilesthroughunknowncountry,wheretheywereusuallyeasytorecognize.Withnoroadsignsandfewmaps,th

52、eyhadtoputtheirtrustindirectionspassedbywordofmouthandinsecretsigns-nailsdrivenintotrees,forexample-thatconductorsusedtomarktheroutenorth.至于那些黑奴,逃亡意味著數(shù)百英里的長途跋涉,意味著穿越自己極易被人識別的陌生地域.沒有路標(biāo),也幾乎沒有線路圖,他們趕路全憑著相告的路線以及秘密記號一一比方樹上釘著的釘子一一是乘務(wù)員用來標(biāo)示北上路線的記號.15 Manyslavestraveledundercoverofnight,theirfacessometimesca

53、kedwithwhitepowder.Quakersoftendressedtheir"passengers,"bothmaleandfemale,ingraydresses,deepbonnetsandfullveils.Ononeoccasion,LeviCoffinwastransportingsomanyrunawayslavesthathedisguisedthemasafuneralprocession.許多黑奴在夜色掩護(hù)下趕路,有時臉上涂著厚厚的白粉.貴格會教徒經(jīng)常讓他們的乘客不分男女穿上灰衣服,戴上深沿帽,披著把頭部完全遮蓋住的面紗.有一次,利瓦伊科芬運(yùn)送的

54、逃亡黑奴實(shí)在太多,他就把他們裝扮成出殯隊(duì)伍.16 Canadawastheprimarydestinationformanyfugitives.Slaveryhadbeenabolishedtherein1833,andCanadianauthoritiesencouragedtherunawaystosettletheirvastvirginland.AmongthemwasJosiahHenson.加拿大是許多逃亡者的首選終點(diǎn)站.那兒1833年就廢除了奴隸制,加拿大當(dāng)局鼓勵逃亡奴隸在其廣闊的未經(jīng)開墾的土地上定居.其中就有喬賽亞亨森.17 AsaboyinMaryland,Hensonwat

55、chedashisentirefamilywassoldtodifferentbuyers,andhesawhismotherharshlybeatenwhenshetriedtokeephimwithher.Makingthebestofhislot,Hensonworkeddiligentlyandrosefarinhisowner'sregard.還是孩子的亨森在馬里蘭州目睹著全家人被賣給不同的主人,看到母親為了想把自己留在她身邊而遭受毒打.亨森非常認(rèn)命,干活勤勉,深受主人器重.18 MoneyproblemseventuallycompelledhismastertosendH

56、enson,hiswifeandchildrentoabrotherinKentucky.Afterlaboringthereforseveralyears,Hensonheardalarmingnews:thenewmasterwasplanningtosellhimforplantationworkfarawayintheDeepSouth.Theslavewouldbeseparatedforeverfromhisfamily.經(jīng)濟(jì)困頓最終迫使亨森的主人將他及其妻兒送到主人在肯塔基州的一個兄弟處.在那兒干了幾年苦工之后,亨森聽說了一個可怕的消息：新主人準(zhǔn)備把他賣到遙遠(yuǎn)的南方腹地去農(nóng)莊干活

57、.這名奴隸將與自己的家人永遠(yuǎn)別離.19 Therewasonlyoneanswer:flight."IknewtheNorthStar,"Hensonwroteyearslater."LikethestarofBethlehem,itannouncedwheremysalvationlay."只有一條路可走：逃亡.我會認(rèn)北斗星,許多年后亨森寫道.就像圣地伯利恒的救星一樣,它告訴我在哪里可以獲救.20 Athugerisk,Hensonandhiswifesetoffwiththeirfourchildren.Twoweekslater,starvinga

58、ndexhausted,thefamilyreachedCincinnati,wheretheymadecontactwithmembersoftheUndergroundRailroad."Carefullytheyprovidedforourwelfare,andthentheysetusthirtymilesonourwaybywagon."亨森和妻子冒著極大的風(fēng)險帶著四個孩子上路了.兩個星期之后,饑餓疲憊的一家人來到了辛辛那提州,在那兒,他們與地下鐵路的成員取得了聯(lián)系.他們?yōu)槲覀兲峁┝耸乘?非常關(guān)心,接著又用車送了我們30英里.21 TheHensonscontin

59、uednorth,arrivingatlastinBuffalo,N.Y.ThereafriendlycaptainpointedacrosstheNiagaraRiver."'Doyouseethosetrees?'hesaid.'Theygrowonfreesoil.'"HegaveHensonadollarandarrangedforaboat,whichcarriedtheslaveandhisfamilyacrosstherivertoCanada.亨森一家繼續(xù)往北走,最后來到紐約州的布法羅.在那兒,一位友善的船長指著尼亞加拉河對岸.“看見那些樹沒有？他說,它們生長在自由的土地上.他給了亨森一美元錢,安排了一條小船,小船載著這位黑奴及其家人過河來到加拿大.22"Ithrewmyselfontheground,rolledinthesandanddancedaround,till,intheeyesofseveralwhowerepresent,Ipassedfor