中醫(yī)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上翻譯短語(yǔ)1中國(guó)醫(yī)藥學(xué)traditional Chinese medicine; TCM 2中醫(yī)基礎(chǔ)理論basic theory of TCM 3臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)clinical experience 4辨證論治treatment based on syndrome differentiation5中藥學(xué)Chinese pharmacy 6針灸acupuncture and moxibustion7病因?qū)Wetiology 8方劑prescription; formula 9滋陰降火nourishing yin and reducing fire 10六腑six fu-organ

2、s11整體觀念holism 12社會(huì)屬性social attribute13診斷學(xué)diagnostics14邪正關(guān)系relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi15治療學(xué)therapeutics 16風(fēng)寒感冒common cold due to wind and cold17同病異治treatment of the same disease with different remedies18異病同治treatment of different diseases with the same remedy19疾病本質(zhì)nature of

3、 disease20相互轉(zhuǎn)化 mutual transformation 21寒極生熱 extreme cold turning into heat 22相互消長(zhǎng) mutual wane-wax 23相互制約 mutual restriction24相互依存 interdependence25五行學(xué)說(shuō)the doctrine of five elements26相乘相侮subjugation and counter-restriction27土虛木乘deficient earth being subjugated by wood 28生克制化inhibition-development wit

4、h generation and restriction29母病及子 involvement of a child- organ by its mother-organ disorder 30藏象學(xué)說(shuō)doctrine of visceral manifestations31奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs 32水谷精微essence of water and food33臨床實(shí)踐clinical practice34藏而不瀉storage without discharge/excretion 35心氣充沛sufficiency of heart qi36血液充盈suff

5、iciency of blood37汗血同源sweat and blood sharing the same origin38脾主運(yùn)化the spleen governing transportation and transformation39后天之本origin of acquired constitution 40奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs 41上焦upper energizer42泌別清濁separating the lucid from the turbid 43初步消化 primary digestion 44月經(jīng)來(lái)潮occurrence of mens

6、truation45先天稟賦innateness 46水液代謝water metabolism47氣機(jī)調(diào)暢smoothness of qi movement 48氣機(jī)qi movement 49氣化qi transformation 50先天之氣innate qi51后天之氣acquired qi 52氣生血qi generating blood 53氣行血qi propelling blood54津血同源body fluid and blood sharing the same origin55氣為血帥，血為氣母Qi serves as commander of blood and bloo

7、d does as mother of qi56益氣固脫nourishing qi to stop collapse57經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)說(shuō)meridian theory 58經(jīng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)meridian system 59十二正經(jīng)twelve regular meridians 60奇經(jīng)八脈eight extraordinary meridians61十二經(jīng)別twelve meridians divergences 62外感六淫six exogenous pathogenic factors 63風(fēng)邪外襲pathogenic wind attacking the exterior 64感受寒邪attack/

8、invade by pathogenic cold 65陰虛生內(nèi)熱production of endogenous heat due to yin deficiency66七情內(nèi)傷internal impairment due to seven emotions 67體質(zhì)強(qiáng)弱 (body )constitutional state 68五心煩熱feverish sensation in the five centers (palms, soles, and chest)69五志過(guò)極extreme changes of five emotions70陰陽(yáng)互損mutual involvement

9、of yin and yang71精充氣足 sufficient essence and abundant qi72肌膚甲錯(cuò)squamous and dry skin73預(yù)后良好favorable prognosis74脈象pulse conations75表里同病disease involving both exterior and interior76寒熱錯(cuò)雜co-existence of cold and heat/ mixture of cold and heat77真寒假熱t(yī)rue cold with false heat 78寒證化熱cold syndrome transformi

10、ng into heat one79熱證轉(zhuǎn)寒transformation of heat syndrome into cold one80潮熱盜汗tidal fever and night sweating 81中草藥Chinese medicinal herbs 82四氣五味four properties and five flavors 83燥濕健脾drying dampness to invigorate the spleen84升降沉浮ascending, descending, sinking and floating85歸經(jīng)channel tropism of medicines8

11、6用藥禁忌medication contraindication 87方劑學(xué)science of prescription88方劑的加減modification of a prescription89劑型與劑量drug form and dosage 90藥物毒性toxicity of medicinal herb 91引經(jīng)報(bào)使guiding action92藥物飲片 herbal slice93針灸療法acupuncture and moxibustion (therapy)94針刺補(bǔ)瀉reinforcing and reducing 95針刺止痛analgesia by acupunctu

12、re96針刺麻醉acupuncture anesthesia97耳針療法ear acupuncture (therapy)98提插捻轉(zhuǎn)lifting, thrusting, twisting and rotating (techniques)翻譯句子1中國(guó)醫(yī)藥學(xué)有數(shù)千年的歷史，是中國(guó)人民長(zhǎng)期同疾病作斗爭(zhēng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)。TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese peoples experience in their struggle against diseases.2中醫(yī)學(xué)有完整獨(dú)特的理論體系。

13、TCM has a unique and integrative theoretical system.3黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)為中醫(yī)學(xué)理論體系的形成奠定了基礎(chǔ)。Huangdi Neijing has laid a foundation for the formation of theoretical system of TCM.4陽(yáng)常有余，陰常不足。 Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.5內(nèi)傷脾胃，百病由生。 Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes vari

14、ous diseases.6金元時(shí)期出現(xiàn)了后世稱(chēng)為“金元四大家”的醫(yī)學(xué)流派。In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called “four great physicians” in medical school.7張從正認(rèn)為病由邪生，提倡汗、吐、下三法祛邪治病。Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases were caused by pathogenic factors and advocated the three means of diaphoresis, emesis and p

15、urgation to eliminate the pathogens for cure of diseases8中醫(yī)理論體系有兩個(gè)基本特點(diǎn)：一是整體觀念，二是辨證論治。The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism and treatment based on syndrome differentiation.9中醫(yī)學(xué)認(rèn)為人體是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole.10整體觀念貫穿于中醫(yī)生理、病理、診法、辨證和治療的各個(gè)方面。Th

16、e holism permeates through various aspects of the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment of diseases.11心開(kāi)竅于舌并與小腸相表里。The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the small intestine.12人體陽(yáng)氣白天多趨于表，夜晚多趨于里。Yang qi in the human body tends to

17、 flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior at night.13證是機(jī)體在疾病發(fā)展過(guò)程中的某一階段的病理概括。Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the course of a disease.14證包括了病變的部位、原因、性質(zhì)，以及邪正關(guān)系。Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease as well as the stat

18、e of pathogenic factors and healthy qi. 15陰陽(yáng)是自然界相互關(guān)聯(lián)的某些事物和現(xiàn)象對(duì)立雙方的概括。Yin and yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects of interrelated things or phenomena in nature.16在一定條件下，陰陽(yáng)可以各自向其相反的方向發(fā)展。Under given conditions, either yin or yang may transform into its counterpart.17功能屬于

19、陽(yáng)，物質(zhì)屬于陰。Function pertains to yang while substance to yin.18無(wú)論疾病的病理變化如何復(fù)雜，都不外乎陰陽(yáng)的偏勝偏衰。No matter how complicated pathological changes of a disease are, they are nothing more than relative predominance of yin or yang.19正氣指整個(gè)機(jī)體的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能，包括人體對(duì)疾病的抵抗力等。The so-called vital qi refers to the structure and functi

20、ons of the body, including body resistance against diseases. 20中醫(yī)理論體系在形成過(guò)程中，受到古代五行學(xué)說(shuō)的深刻影響。The formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeply influenced by the doctrine of five elements.21水具有滋潤(rùn)和向下的特性。Water is characterized by moistening and downward flow.22肝主升而歸屬于木。The liver pertains to wood b

21、ecause its qi is characterized by ascending.23脾主運(yùn)化而歸屬于土。The spleen pertains to earth because it governs transportation and transformation.24相乘即以強(qiáng)凌弱的意思。Subjugation means to launch an attack on the weak.25生我者為母，我生者為子。The one generating me is my mother and the one being generated by me is my child. 26五

22、臟的共同生理特點(diǎn)是化生和貯藏精氣。The common physiological function of the five zang-organs is to produce and store essential qi.27六腑的共同生理特點(diǎn)是受盛和傳化水谷。The common physiological function of the six fu-organs is to receive, transport and transform water and food. 28腎的精氣有促進(jìn)骨骼生長(zhǎng)的作用。The essence-qi in the kidney is helpful f

23、or promoting the growth of skeleton.29心與小腸相表里。The heart and the small intestine are internal-externally related (to each other).30五臟的生理活動(dòng)與精神情志密切相關(guān)。The physiological functions of the five zang-organs are closely associated with the minds and emotions. 31心臟的主要生理功能是主血脈和主神志。The main physiological functi

24、on of the heart is to control blood and vessels, and govern the spirit.32血液的正常運(yùn)行必須以心氣充沛，血液充盈和脈道通利為其基本的前提條件。Sufficient heart qi, abundant blood and smooth vessels are essential prerequisite to normal circulation of blood.33肺的呼吸功能健全與否，直接影響著宗氣的生成。The respiratory function of the lung directly influences

25、 the production of pectoral qi.34脾為后天之本，氣血生化之源。The spleen is the origin of acquired constitution and the source of qi and blood production.35肝的主要生理功能是主疏泄和主藏血。The main physiological functions of the liver are to control free flow of qi and store blood.36腎主生長(zhǎng)、發(fā)育與生殖。 The kidney governs growth, developm

26、ent and reproduction.37腎所藏的精氣包括“先天之精”和“后天之精”。The essence stored in the kidney includes innate essence and acquired essence.38腎的納氣功能正常則呼吸均勻和調(diào)。When the kidney functions normally to receive qi, breath will be smooth and even. 三、39膽的主要生理功能是貯存和排泄膽汁。The main physiological function of the gallbladder is to

27、 store and excrete bile.40胃的生理功能是受納與腐熟水谷。The main physiological function of the stomach is to receive and decompose foodstuff.41小腸在吸收水谷精微的同時(shí)，也吸收了大量的水液。 The small intestine also absorbs a large quantity of water as it is absorbing essence from the chyme.42小腸的泌別清濁功能正常，則二便正常。If the small intestine func

28、tions well to separate the lucid from the turbid, the defecation and urination will be normal.43胃與脾相表里。 The stomach and the spleen are internally and externally related. 44氣是構(gòu)成人體的最基本物質(zhì)。Qi is the most essential substance to constitute the body.45人體的氣來(lái)源于稟受于父母的先天之精、飲食物中的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)和存在于自然界的清氣Qi in the body is

29、derived from innate essence inheriting from the parents, and acquired essence coming from both food nutrients and fresh air.46氣是活力很強(qiáng)的精微物質(zhì)。 Qi is a sort of refined substance with powerful activity.47氣化指通過(guò)氣的運(yùn)動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生的各種變化。Qi transformation refers to various changes caused by qi movement.48元?dú)馐侨梭w最基本、最重要的氣，是

30、人體生命活動(dòng)的原動(dòng)力。The primordial qi, as the most essential and important qi, is the primary power of life.49宗氣是積于胸中之氣，具有推動(dòng)心臟的搏動(dòng)、調(diào)節(jié)心率和心律的功能。The pectoral qi is a kind of qi accumulating in the thorax, functioning to enhance heart beat and regulate heart rate and cardiac rhythm.50營(yíng)主內(nèi)守而屬陰，衛(wèi)主外衛(wèi)而屬陽(yáng)。The nutritive

31、 qi pertains to yin with its nourishment to the interior of the body while the defensive qi pertains to yang with its protection of the body surface. 51氣血津液都是維持人體生命活動(dòng)的基本物質(zhì)。Qi, blood and body fluid are the basic substances for maintaining human life activities.52血與津液均為液態(tài)物質(zhì)，都有營(yíng)養(yǎng)和滋潤(rùn)作用，與氣相對(duì)而言，兩者都屬陰。Both

32、 the blood and body fluid are liquid substance, they function to nourish and moisten, pertain to yin as compared with qi.53人體排泄水液的途徑主要是尿與汗。The human body discharges water mainly through urination and perspiration.54津液的生成、輸布和排泄都離不開(kāi)肺、脾、腎、三焦、膀胱等臟腑的氣化功能。The production, distribution and discharge of body

33、 fluid depend on the qi transformation of the lung, spleen, kidney, tri-Jiao, bladder, etc.55氣能生血、行血、攝血，故稱(chēng)“氣為血之帥”。Qi can produce, propel, control blood, and thus it is said “qi is the commander of blood”. 56經(jīng)絡(luò)是運(yùn)行全身氣血的通道。Meridian system is the pathways for qi and blood to circulate in the whole body.

34、57孫絡(luò)是人體最細(xì)小的絡(luò)脈，這就是為什么中醫(yī)將其稱(chēng)為“孫絡(luò)”。 The minute collaterals are the smallest collaterals. That is why they are literally called in TCM.58經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)說(shuō)是研究人體經(jīng)絡(luò)的生理功能、病理變化及其臟腑相互關(guān)系的學(xué)說(shuō)。The meridian theory is to study the physiological functions and pathological changes of human meridians and their relationships with th

35、e viscera.59由于手三陽(yáng)經(jīng)與足三陽(yáng)經(jīng)在頭部交接，所以說(shuō)“頭為諸陽(yáng)之會(huì)”。The three yang meridians of hand and the three yang meridians of foot are connected with each other in it, so “the head is the place where all kinds of yang meet”.60經(jīng)脈中的氣血運(yùn)行是循環(huán)貫注的，如環(huán)無(wú)端。Qi and blood in the meridians circulate in cycles, without an end. 61六淫是風(fēng)、

36、寒、暑、濕、燥、火六種外感病邪的統(tǒng)稱(chēng)。The six pathogenic factors are a collective term for six exogenous pathogens of wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness, and fire. 62癘氣是一類(lèi)具有強(qiáng)烈傳染性的病邪，具有發(fā)病急驟、病情較重、傳染性強(qiáng)、易于流行等特點(diǎn)。Pestilent pathogens are a kind of highly infectious pathogens, which are characterized by sudden onset,

37、severe condition, fulminating infectivity and strong epidemicity. 63七情內(nèi)傷直接影響相應(yīng)的內(nèi)臟，使臟腑氣機(jī)逆亂，氣血失調(diào)，導(dǎo)致種種疾病的發(fā)生。The seven abnormal emotions often directly impair their related internal organs, leading to disorder of visceral qi, disharmony between qi and blood, and consequently bringing on diseases. 64飲食不節(jié)

38、主要是損傷脾胃，導(dǎo)致脾胃功能失常。Immoderate diet mainly impairs the spleen and stomach, leading to dysfunction of them. 65痰和飲都是水液代謝障礙所形成的病理產(chǎn)物。Phlegm and stagnant fluid are both pathological substances caused by retention of water.66許多疾病的過(guò)程也就是邪正斗爭(zhēng)及其盛衰變化的過(guò)程。The course of many diseases is a process of combat between p

39、athogenic factors and healthy qi as well as the ebb and flow of their strengths. 67邪氣盛則實(shí)，精氣奪則虛。Predominance of pathogenic factors leads to excess while depletion of essence results in deficiency.68 正勝邪退，疾病趨向好轉(zhuǎn)和痊愈When healthy qi triumphs over pathogenic factors, it will lead to improvement of or reco

40、very from an illness. 69 血虛是指血液不足或血的濡養(yǎng)功能減退的病理變化。Blood deficiency refers to a morbid state of blood insufficiency or hypofunction of blood to nourish.70氣滯血瘀是由于氣的運(yùn)行不暢而導(dǎo)致的血運(yùn)障礙。Blood stasis with qi stagnation means that unsmooth flow of qi leads to disturbance of blood circulation. 71局部病變可以影響及全身、內(nèi)臟的病變，可

41、以從各個(gè)方面放映出來(lái)。Local pathological changes may involve the whole body and the viscera, which can be manifested in various aspects. 72.四診的方法是在長(zhǎng)期的醫(yī)療實(shí)踐中逐步形成和發(fā)展起來(lái)的。The four diagnostic methods were developed gradually in the long-term medical practice. 73.假神是垂危病人出現(xiàn)精神暫時(shí)好轉(zhuǎn)的假象?！癋alse vitality” is a false manifes

42、tation of temporary vitality during the critical stage of a disease.74常色指人在正常生理狀態(tài)時(shí)的面部色澤。Normal complexion refers to the facial colors under physiological conditions. 75在臨床應(yīng)用中，只有四診合參才能得到正確的診斷。Clinically, only combined use of the four diagnostic methods can enable one to perform the correct diagnosis.

43、 76疾病的表現(xiàn)盡管極其復(fù)雜，但基本上都可用八綱加以歸納。The manifestations of a disease, though complicated, can be generalized into a certain pattern in the light of the eight principles. 77熱證是感受熱邪、或陽(yáng)盛陰虛，人體的機(jī)能活動(dòng)亢進(jìn)所表現(xiàn)的證候。Heat syndrome, characterized by hyperactivity of human functions, is caused by invasion of pathogenic heat

44、 or predominance of yang with decline of yin. 78虛癥是對(duì)人體正氣虛弱各種臨床表現(xiàn)的病理概括。Deficiency syndrome is a pathological generalization of various manifestations due to deficiency of healthy qi. 79實(shí)證是對(duì)人體感受外邪，或體內(nèi)病理產(chǎn)物蓄積而產(chǎn)生的各種臨床表現(xiàn)的病理概括。Excess syndrome is a pathological generalization of various manifestations cause

45、d by exogenous pathogens or accumulation of pathological substances in the body. 80真陰不足與真陽(yáng)不足就是腎陰不足與腎陽(yáng)不足。Deficiency of genuine yin or yang refers to insufficiency of kidney yin or yang. 81植物藥根據(jù)入藥部分的不同，采集季節(jié)和方法也不同。The seasons and methods of collecting herbs vary with the parts used for medicinal purpos

46、e of the herbal plants. 82寒性藥物具有清熱、瀉火、解毒的作用。Cold-natured herbs have the functions of clearing away heat, purging fire, and removing toxin. 83熱性藥物具有祛寒、溫里、助陽(yáng)的作用。Hot-natured herbs have the functions of expelling coldness, warming the interior and invigorating yang.84辛味藥多有發(fā)散和行氣血的作用。Herbs pungent in flav

47、or have the functions of dispersing and promoting flow of qi and blood. 85毒性劇烈的藥物用量過(guò)多就會(huì)發(fā)生副作用或中毒。Overuse of herbs with acute toxicity will cause side-effects or intoxication. 86方劑學(xué)是研究藥物的配伍關(guān)系、組成規(guī)律、臨床應(yīng)用和復(fù)方藥理的一門(mén)科學(xué)。The science of prescription aims to study the combination of herbs, formulating rule of di

48、fferent herbs in a prescription, and clinical application and pharmacology of the compound prescription.87方劑組成發(fā)生變化后，其功用和主治也發(fā)生變化。The function and indication of a prescription vary with the modification of its component herbs. 88在主證不變的情況下，可隨著癥狀的變化加入或減少某些藥物以適應(yīng)當(dāng)前的病情。Some herbs can be added or deducted a

49、ccording to the changes of symptoms as the main syndrome is unchanged. 89凡是以辛散發(fā)表的藥物為主組成，用以治療表證的方劑稱(chēng)為解表劑。Those (prescriptions) that are mainly composed of pungent herbs with the function of dispersing exterior pathogens in treatment of exterior syndrome are called exterior syndrome-relieving prescript

50、ion,90祛風(fēng)方中所用藥物多性溫、苦、燥、升陽(yáng)。The herbs used in wind-expelling prescriptions are mostly bitter in flavor, warm and dry in property, and yang-lifting in function. 91針灸療法在臨床上的應(yīng)用源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。The therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion has a long history in clinical practice. 93常用的進(jìn)針手法主要分為單手進(jìn)針?lè)ê碗p手進(jìn)針?lè)?。The common needl

51、e-inserting methods are classified as single-handed insertion and double-handed insertion.94捻轉(zhuǎn)法指針刺入一定深度后，將針向前向后來(lái)回旋轉(zhuǎn)捻動(dòng)的方法。The rotating technique refers to the manipulation of twisting the needle to and fro after inserting it into a certain depth. 95平補(bǔ)平瀉指進(jìn)針后均勻地提插捻轉(zhuǎn)，得氣后出針。Even reinforcing-reducing tech

52、nique refers to the manipulation of lifting, thrusting, twisting and rotating of the needle with moderate force and even frequency after inserting it, and then withdrawing it after the arrival of qi. 96灸治療法一般使用于虛證、寒證和陰證的疾病。The therapy of moxibustion is usually applicable to the treatment of deficien

53、cy, cold and yin syndromes. 簡(jiǎn) 答 題1. What is traditional Chinese medicine?Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, with a history of thousands years, unique and integrated theoretical system, rich practical experience and good clinical effect, has been making great contribution to Chinese peoples health c

54、are and the development of Chinese nation, it is a summary of the Chinese peoples experience in their struggle against diseases.2. Do you know what the characteristics of TCM?The characteristics of TCM is concept of holism and treatment based on Syndrome differentiation.3 How do you understand the t

55、heory of yin and yang.Yin and yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects of interrelated things or phenomena in nature. Yin yang oppose each other. Yin and yang depend on each other. Yin and yang wane and wax between each other. Yin and yang transform between each other. Th

56、e theory of yin and yang permeates through all aspects of theoretical system of TCM, it serves to explain the organic structure, physiological function and pathological changes of the human body, and in addition guides clinical diagnosis and treatment.4 Please tell the order of restriction of the fi

57、ve elementsRestriction implies bringing under control or restraint. The restricting activity among the five elements follows a circular order: wood restricts earth, earth restricts water, water restrict fire, fire restricts mental, and mental in turn restricts wood. In this circular order, each of the five elements is marked by “being restricted” and “r