高考英語六選四解題技巧講解

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高考英語六選四解題技巧講解一、六選四考察要求概述選句填空"（俗稱"六選四"）是高考英語試卷中啟用的題型。根據(jù)題目要求，學生需從所給的六個選項中選取四個填入文中的空格處，使文章從內(nèi)容、語言、結(jié)構(gòu)上都符合邏輯?？忌趥淇歼@一部分時,需意識到以下幾點：1.雖然每一小題都要求選擇正確的句子填入文中，但在文中不同的地方挖空，考査的能力要求也會有所不同。如果空格處需填入主題句，考査的是對文本或段落的概括能力，如果空格處需填入能使上下文敘述連貫的細節(jié)，考査的則是對文章基本內(nèi)容的理解能力。因此，針對不同的空格，考生需要調(diào)整自己的思維方式，選擇合適的策略；

2、2.雖然本部分屬于閱讀理解這一大題，同樣也考查考生的閱讀理解能力，但是要注意這一題型與閱讀選擇題的差異。選擇題通過題干告訴考生考點在哪里，考査目標是什么，考生就可以據(jù)此選擇合適的策略來答題，而"選句填空"則要求考生在理解文章內(nèi)容和行文邏輯的基礎(chǔ)上，自行判斷空格處需填入句子的功能，再進一步選擇合適的策略來答題?；谝陨戏治?，建議考生在完成"選句填空"這一部分時，可以采用以下步驟：1.通讀全文，對文章內(nèi)容有整體理解，包括文章的主題、寫作的目的、毎一段的大意等; 2.閱讀空格所在段落，尤其是空格前后句，判斷空格處需填入句子的功能，并根據(jù)據(jù)后句的內(nèi)容基本確定需填

3、入句子的內(nèi)容；3.閱讀所給的六個句子，從中選擇符合文章內(nèi)容及行文邏輯的句子；4.通讀填入句子后的文章，再次確認文章內(nèi)容、語言、結(jié)構(gòu)上是否符合邏輯。二、英語文章主題句常出現(xiàn)的位置（一）段落主題句 文章是由段落構(gòu)成的。段落是由圍繞一個中心思想的一個或幾個有邏輯關(guān)系的句子組成的。就結(jié)構(gòu) 和內(nèi)容而言，段落是相對完整的，篇章是通過各個段落的中心思想來表現(xiàn)其主題的。一般來講，一個段落只有一個中心思想，即一個主題。段落中的其他句子都是用來說明、支持和擴展這一主題的。反映整個段 落中心思想的句子叫主題句（Topic Sentence) 。主題句是全段的核心，統(tǒng)帥全段，并且決定著全段的發(fā)展 方向。它只提示在本段

4、中要闡述的觀點，而不是整篇文章中要說明的問題。 在語言結(jié)構(gòu)上，主題句往往包括一個中心主題和一個需要在段落中加以發(fā)展的核心部分。中心主題 指出本段講的是什么人或什么事物，核心部分則指出本段側(cè)重該人物或該物的某個或某些方面。Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit.這句的中心主題是praise(贊揚），其段落將圍繞著”對人的精神來說.praise (贊揚）就像陽光一樣"這個思路發(fā)展。離開了這個思想，就將意味著偏離主題。一個好的主題句，要立論嚴謹、清晰明了、合乎邏輯；要全局在胸，內(nèi)容具體，簡明扼要。主題句所限定或概括的內(nèi)容不外乎有兩點：一是有助

5、于讀者更好的理解下文。多數(shù)段落都是以主題句打頭，開門見山，點明主題，然后再展開具體細節(jié)。二是總結(jié)全段內(nèi)容，以便給讀者更深刻的印象，供托效果，達到高潮。 （二）主題句的位置 根據(jù)表達需要,英語主題句的位置是靈活多變的。一般來講，主題句可以位于段首、段中、段尾及段前段尾。 1、段首主題句。在大多數(shù)情況下，主題句位于段首，開門見山，點明主題，其它各句都緊緊圍繞著主 題句遂步展開。 Even when taking our leave it seems we English are vicitims of some strange deficiencies in our valedictory voc

6、abulary. The standard term 'Goodbye' is both too formal and too final. It may be just the job for usher" ing someone out of your life altogether ; but most leave-takings-for better or worse-are temporary affairs. perhaps in an attempt to escape implications of finality, many people now

7、say (Bye bye' instead; others try to make this particularly nauseating bit of baby-talk more acceptable by shortening it to "Bye". 2、段中主題句。主題句位于段落中間，這種情況相對較少。 Shortly after the war ended, Lincoln was shot while attending a play in a Washington theater. He died within a few hours. The u

8、ncontrolled emotional reaction of the nation to his death was almost unbelievable and demonstrated the deep esteem in which he was held. Newspapers were edged with black; religious leaders gave praise of Lincoln instead of their prepared sermons. His funeral procession in Washington was miles long L

9、incoin's body was taken by train back to his former home in spring field, Illinois, but in all the major cities through which the train passed , the coffin was paraded through streets lined with sorrowful thousands. In the small towns through which the train passed , bells rang in honor of the d

10、ead President. Citizens lit torches a- long the railroad track to show their last respects. 3、段尾主題句。主題句放在段落末尾，目的是總結(jié)、概括前面展開闡述的問題，以加深印象，供托效果。 When we watch a person walk away from us, his image shrinks in size. But since we know that he is not shrinking, we make an unconscious correcting and see him a

11、s retaining his true stature. Past experience tells us what his true stature is with reject to our own. Any sane and dependable expectation of the future re- quires that he has the same stature when we next encounter him. Our perception is thus a prediction; it embrace the past and the future as wel

12、l as the present.4、段首段尾主題句。主題句在段首和段尾同時出現(xiàn)。目的是強調(diào)這一主題，用以引起讀者的注意，加深印象。 Good manners are important in all countries, but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks ;Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say Hi when they meet; Japanese bow.

13、 Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface , it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in any country, the only manners that are important are those involving one person's behavior toward another person

14、. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only way of behaving politely that differs from country to country. 5、有時，整個段落并沒有代表段落中心思想的主題句，段落主題包含在句子的字里行間這就需要讀者 在認真仔細閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上進行歸納和總結(jié)。例如： In 1999 you will sleep later because your job will start

15、later in the morning. Too, machines will do most of your routine work for you. Also, you will travel to work on a moving sidewalk. Furthermore, you will talk to friends on a picture-phone. Finally, you will take longer vacations in more distant places since transportion will be so much faster and ch

16、eaper. 通過閱讀，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)整個段落的每一句，圍繞主題從不同方面說明1999年人們的日常生活工作將與今天有所不同。所以本段的主題句可以歸納為: Life in 1999 will be different from what it is today. 綜上所述，英語段落主題句的位置，常見的有以上四種。其中，段首、段尾主題句尤為常見。主題句無 論在什么位置，它都是該段落的核心部分,反映該段的中心思想。其余各句必須緊扣主題，圍繞著這一中心思想來展開。三、例題講解（一）記敘文AA. Our baby was not doing well, so Effie financed my wifes t

17、rip to New York for consultation with a specialist.B. Give your help to those in greater need.C. The oddest part of the whole affair is that people whom I help often help others later on.D. Effie worked diligently all her life.E. “Pay me whenever you like,” said Effie, climbing back into her truck.F

18、. “Dont give it to me all at once,” she said.“Any apples today?” Effie asked cheerfully at my window. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo. On credit, of course. Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just then. (1) _All pretense (借口) of payment was dropped when our funds, food and fu

19、el decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often, always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood. There were other generosities. (2) _Effie was not a rich woman. Her income, derived from investments she had made while running an interior decorating shop, had never exceeded $ 200 a month

20、, which she supplemented by selling her apples. But she always managed to help someone poorer. Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time. She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year. “Here, darling,” I said, “is what I owe you.” (3) _ “Give it

21、back as I gave it to you-a little at a time.” I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie, for she died a few weeks later. By now, the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times. But a curio

22、us thing began to happen.Whenever I saw a fellow human in financial trouble, I was moved to help him. I cant afford to do this always, but in the ten years since Effies death, I have indirectly repaid my debt to her.(4) _ At that time, it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled. So the accoun

23、t can never be marked closed, for Effies love will go on in hearts that have never known her.B.A. Long car journeys are even less pleasantB. During the day, sleep comes in snatchesC. But nothing can match them for speed and comfortD. You will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpledE. You wil

24、l be utterly exhausted before you are halfway through your journeyF. Also, you are invariably faced with numerous options different airlines offer for similar flights.People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly anyone can po

25、sitively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy, with the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails which soon lures you to sleep. _1_. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so, ending up almost

26、exhausted when reaching the destination." _2_, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but with much time spent on roads, few service stations available and too much traffic. By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer numero

27、us civilized comforts. You can relax on decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food particularly when the sea is calm. If it is not, you are likely to get seasick. Whatever the case, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for th

28、e pleasure of travelling by sea.Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even well-experienced travelers are intimidated by them. They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport._3_. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet far above the clouds, and at over 500 mile

29、s an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off your journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly. The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne, yet without missing an unusual and breathtaking view of the world .You soar effor

30、tlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from the view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in the clear sky. The journey is so smo

31、oth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: “_4_.” You will never have to spend the next the few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.六選四做題技巧指導1. 利用詞匯復現(xiàn)或同義詞解題重復詞匯是指關(guān)鍵詞以同一形式或不同的詞性在文章中反復出現(xiàn)，達到緊扣主題的目的。找到含有與關(guān)鍵詞

32、相同或最接近的單詞的選項，然后再來驗證句意內(nèi)容是否通順。從而達到快而準的效果。一般來說，上下文中詞匯的范疇越小，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。例1：People think so much of them that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general. _67_A. Even being good at getting others to fight most efficiently is not being c

33、ivilized.B. Most people believe those who have conquered the most nations are the greatest. C. However, every year conflicts between countries and nations still claim thousands of lives. D. And not only has it won, but also because it has won, it has been in the right. E. So there has been little ti

34、me to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better. F. People dont fight and kill each other in the streets, but nations still behave like savages.例2：You can show your child how to make choice between different brands of a product so that you can save money. _5_ If he chooses

35、the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved.A. Wise decisions. B. The value ofmoney. C. Permit the child to choose between them. D. Tell your child why he canor cannothave certain things. E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to YOU F. Talk abo

36、ut how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows.例3：Nonetheless, doctors and nurses are finding that paying attention to what might be seen as superficial concerns hair and makeup has a positive effect on patients

37、, with beauty regimes being bright spots in what can be a dreary journey through radiation and other therapies. _2_A. Feeling good about oneself played a very big role in a patients recovery.B. Hospitals are forming partnerships with local salons to serve their patients.C. Three more centers are sch

38、eduled to open in the United States by the end of this year.D. Because of these perceived benefits, programs focused on cosmetic solutions are spreading.E. The nationwide program has volunteer hairstylists, cosmetologists, wigmakers, etc., who make periodic appearances.In this small, out-of-the-way

39、room, cosmetologists specialize in assisting cancer patients who lose their hair, experience changes to their skin or have breasts surgically removed.2. 利用邏輯詞解題邏輯詞的運用在說明文和議論文中是十分常見，無論是在完形填空還是六選四中都可以加以利用。利用前一句話或后一句話中的邏輯詞來判斷所需要填入的句子內(nèi)容與前后句內(nèi)容的關(guān)系，從而在選項中找到符合此關(guān)系的內(nèi)容，使得文章邏輯合理，內(nèi)容流暢。表并列：and; also; first, secon

40、d, third; firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the second place; for one thing, for another thing; to begin with, to conclude; eitheror; neithernor; not onlybut also表遞進：further, furthermore; moreover; what s more; in addition表因果：so; therefore; thus; hence; accordingl

41、y; consequently; as a result表轉(zhuǎn)折與讓步：however; nevertheless; though; yet; in spite of; despite; on the contrary; otherwise; while; rather than; even if/though; fortunately例1：Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow- worker and accomplice. _2_But if you open your mind as widely as

42、 possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible （細微的） fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. C. How can we get the deepest and widest pleasure from what we read?F. If you hang back, and reserve and critici

43、ze at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read.例2：A generation ago in the US, if you heard a friend talking about having a gig, chances were that your friend was a musician. _67_ Self-employment, contract or freelance work, temporary jobs- just ab

44、out anything that isn't full-time- can be described as a gig.B. These temporary workers cannot be categorized into gig workers. C. But the phrase has now evolved to describe different methods of short-term work. D. Most of the gig workers treasure the golden opportunity and regard it as a lifeti

45、me job. 3. 利用細節(jié)句與主題句的區(qū)別解題這一技巧需要與空所在位置結(jié)合起來分析。主題句通常在段首，總結(jié)句通常在段尾，相當于再次點題。這兩個位置多是需要概括性強的語句主題句。而在段中通常是補充說明內(nèi)容和議論過程，通常是需要含有內(nèi)容的語句細節(jié)句。先判斷空的位置，然后在選項中篩選細節(jié)句與主題句。例1：Self Expression_5_There are many ways to express thoughts and ideasmusic, acting, drawing building, photography. You may find that your child is att

46、racted by one more than another C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.例2：Self-esteem is the measurement or the value of how a person knows his worth and its effects are life-changing and dramatic,

47、since it makes up a persons attitude and outlook towards life. _67_ But when self-esteem is low, you can either sulk and be sad or be afraid to try out new things or take risks and chances with your love-life, career, relationships and self-improvement.A. Simply put, self-esteem is the fuel that mak

48、es you feel important or loved by others.E. When your self-esteem is high, you are less likely to be affected by these situations.例3：Until now, predicting exactly what makes a bestseller was somewhat of a mystery, yet researchers from New York claim to have created an algorithm (算法) to do just that.

49、 By analyzing the words used in classic books, the algorithm was able to correctly predict which books were bestsellers, and which were less successful, in 84 percent of cases. _67_E. Overall, they found that successful books contained a high number of nouns and adjectives and plenty of quotes.F. Th

50、e most popular books also featured more verbs relating to “thought-processing” such as “recognized” and “remembered”.4. 利用代詞指代關(guān)系解題 英語中代詞分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞等等。當一個句子中出現(xiàn)這樣的代詞就意味著在其上下問中需要把這層指代關(guān)系交代清楚，因此我們可以通過語境中內(nèi)容（或代詞）和選項中代詞（或內(nèi)容）的呼應關(guān)系來解題。例子（1）：It doesnt matter which productivity bi

51、rd represents your work style. (70)_ It depends on your environment and energy levels. Do you have the drive to get up early or stay up late? While others are dreaming, make your dreams real.B. Many believe being night owls is better.E. They both can work.例子（2）You have the same amount of time each d

52、ay as everyone else. If you want to reach your goals and dreams you have to be willing to pay the price. (67)_Sometimes it is your time. Sometimes it is money. And sometimes it is sleep. One of the best times to get ahead and be”in the zone”is when everyone else is sleeping. Get up early. Or stay up

53、 late. Those are your choices.C. Not watching mindless TV or endlessly surfing the Net.D. That sacrifice often involves giving up something.例子（3）For a while, the gig trend was seen as a temporary response to the Great Recession. Victims of downsizing took on as-needed jobs or tried to make a go of e

54、ntrepreneurship because that's all that was available.(69)_.However, this did not happen on the scale they hoped. This shift means that driving for ride-sharing services like Uber or Lyft has become one of the most common new jobs in the US. Surveys find that many gig economy workers are happy w

55、ith their new roles with the hourly pay may be better than what they earned as permanent employees. They may enjoy work-hour flexibility thats perfect for their family or education needs. And they may even find they good at being their own boss.D.They hoped that “permanent” hiring would return as th

56、e overall economy recovered.B. These temporary workers cannot be categorized into gig workers.5. 利用句子中心實詞解題句子中心實詞是指在一個句子表達中需要占據(jù)句子主干或者中心意思的一類實詞。和代詞一樣，當一個句子中出現(xiàn)了表達某一特點概念的中心實詞時，該句上下文就應該圍繞這樣的中心來展開，也就是說正確選項中不能呈現(xiàn)上下文沒有交代的一個中心實詞，因此我們可以利用這一現(xiàn)象來幫助我們找到正常選項或者排除錯誤選項。例子（1）(68)_ Ask yourself what problem the audienc

57、e wants to solve, and talk about that problem first. “Then and only then, talk about what you are good at as the solution to that problem,” says Morgan. “Audiences start off by asking why. Why am I here? Why should I care? If you answer those questions early, then theyll ask how. Your job is to answ

58、er the why question first and then address the how.”A. Be relevant to your audienceC. Focus on one theme, and eliminate everything else.例子（2）It is possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight, so do savages; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. _68_. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settl