高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推理判斷題的解題技巧

1、高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推理題的解題技巧考試說明關(guān)于閱讀能力的考查不但要求學(xué)生要理解具體事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，也要理解抽象的含義；既要理解字面意思，又要理解其深層含義，包括作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、意圖等；既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含義及全文的邏輯關(guān)系，又要求根據(jù)其含義及邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷和推理。 NMET中，推理判斷題的考查每年都占閱讀理解試題的一半左右。推理判斷試題屬于高層次閱讀理解題，很多考生對(duì)此類題型的解答感到很吃力，沒有把握。下面結(jié)合近年高考試題，談?wù)勍评砼袛囝}的解題技巧，希望對(duì)大家復(fù)習(xí)備考有所幫助。 一、推理題常見的提問形式 常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude，learn，inten

2、d，mean，describe，purpose等詞提問?；蛱釂栔泻斜硎就茰y(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的動(dòng)詞，如probably，most likely等。 二、推理題的解題思路 如何做好推理判斷題？筆者以為，考生做題時(shí)一定要從整體上把握語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，在語(yǔ)篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息間架起橋梁，透過字里行間，去體會(huì)作者的“弦外之音”。 首先，要求考生在閱讀時(shí)，要抓住文章的主題和細(xì)節(jié)，分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，挖掘文章的深層含義。在進(jìn)行推理時(shí)，考生一定要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，千萬(wàn)不可脫離原文而僅憑個(gè)人的看法，主觀臆斷。其次，對(duì)于暗含在文章

3、中的人物的行為動(dòng)機(jī)、事件的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等要進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的判斷、推理、分析，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)理解能力，抓住材料實(shí)質(zhì)性的東西。 再次，在解答推理性問題時(shí)，應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問題是針對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷，還是針對(duì)主題思想、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。 針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可運(yùn)用scanning方法，迅速在閱讀材料中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，然后再進(jìn)行推理判斷。 針對(duì)主題思想作推斷時(shí)，其解題的主要依據(jù)是文章的主題思想，然后再分析句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，區(qū)分觀點(diǎn)與例證(opinion and fact)、原因與結(jié)果(cause and effect)、主觀點(diǎn)與次觀點(diǎn)(main idea and su

4、pporting idea)。 三、推理題的解題方法 1. 抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理 做此類試題要善于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。 例 2003安徽春季D篇 69. The text suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _. A. suffer from poor health B. feel tired and nervous C. dream more often D. breathe quickly 解析 解題時(shí)抓住第

5、一段After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the day. The rest that you get while sleeping makes it possible for your body to prepare itself for the next day. 中Sleep is necessary for good h

6、ealth.去理解。利用逆向思維，我們很容易推斷出這一結(jié)論：一個(gè)人睡眠不足會(huì)對(duì)他的健康有害(suffer from poor health), 所以答案為。 2. 整合全文（段）信息進(jìn)行推斷 做推理題時(shí)，有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來去推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論。 例NMET1998 D篇 65 Which of the following is the immediate cause of the sinking of the Bismarck？ A The British air strikes B The damage done by the Hood C

7、 Gunfire from the British warships D Luetjens decision to run for France 解析 德國(guó)軍艦Bismarck號(hào)素有“不沉艦”的美稱，然而最后還是“葬身海底”。造成這種下沉的直接原因是什么？短文中未直接陳述。這就需要我們利用短文中的信息綜合起來去推斷。 德軍艦第一次與英軍艦交火后，But in the fight，the Bismarck was slightly damaged可見，英軍艦Hood號(hào)給德軍艦Bismarck號(hào)造成的損壞不足以使它下沉。故B不對(duì)。第一次交火后，德軍艦Bismarck號(hào)上的指揮官Luetjens命令

8、軍艦駛向法國(guó)進(jìn)行維修（Her commander decided to run for repairs to France，which had at that time been taken by the Germans），這更不是使它下沉的直接原因。D也不對(duì)。5月26日，英國(guó)空軍發(fā)現(xiàn) Bismarck并向Bismarck開火（Trying to slow the Bismarck down so that their ships could catch up with her，the British fired at her from the airThe Bismarck was hit）

9、，Bismarck被擊中。正如文中所講，英國(guó)空軍主要是想攔截Bismarck號(hào)，使它減速，以便后面的英艦趕上。這表明英空軍對(duì)Bismarck開火也不足以使Bismarck下沉，A也不對(duì)。On the morning of May 27，the last battle was foughtFour British ships fired on the Bismarck，and she was finally sunk 5月27日四艘英國(guó)戰(zhàn)艦趕到并一齊向Bismarck開火（Four British ships fired on the Bismarck），最后使她下沉（She was final

10、ly sunk）。這就是直接原因，故正確選項(xiàng)為C。 3. 利用語(yǔ)境的褒貶性進(jìn)行信息推斷 幾乎每篇文章的語(yǔ)境都有一定褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)及作者的寫作意圖，因此利用好文章的語(yǔ)境褒貶性就能在把握主旨文意的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的邏輯判斷。認(rèn)真閱讀原文并找出反映語(yǔ)境褒貶性及變化的標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子，對(duì)我們掌握文章主旨文意，了解主人公的心理特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展變化，從而正確地進(jìn)行邏輯推斷很有好處。 例 NMET2000年閱讀理解B篇 59 The writers purpose in writing this story is _ A to tell an interesting exp

11、erience B to show the easiest way out of difficulty C to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman D to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books 從原文中 As I was not experienced in cooking , I thought if a dozen was good , two dozen would be better , so I doubled everything .I had

12、been defeated , I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldnt have to face Doug laughing at my work , I dont know who was more embarrassed(尷尬)by the whole thing Doug or me. 可看出文章敘述了一位新婚主婦按烹調(diào)書做發(fā)面失敗的尷尬經(jīng)歷。 但是全文充滿了一種諷刺幽默的筆調(diào), 文章最后一句帶俏皮感，說明主人公心情并不沉重，而是感到有點(diǎn)好笑，所以答案應(yīng)選A。作者寫作目的是自述一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。選項(xiàng)B肯定為錯(cuò)誤答案，因

13、為它與本文首句(The easy way out isnt always easiest)不合; D反映作者寫作目的是解釋從書本上學(xué)烹飪的困難，也不對(duì)，因?yàn)樽髡卟⑽丛敿?xì)介紹主人公從書本上學(xué)烹飪是如何力不從心的; 主人公并不會(huì)天天面對(duì)這種煩惱，選項(xiàng)C為錯(cuò)誤答案。 雖然全文語(yǔ)境含貶義，但文章的言外之意需要讀者對(duì)作者寫作意圖做深層挖掘,若不然就會(huì)被誤導(dǎo)而作出錯(cuò)誤判斷。 4. 根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的態(tài)度 作者態(tài)度、傾向是指作者對(duì)陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是猶豫不定，對(duì)記敘或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語(yǔ)之中

14、。因此，在推斷過程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。 例 Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder， bribery（行賄），and deathFrankly，Im sick of all this bad news This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _ A complain B apologize C amuse D inform 解析 作者一是向讀者說明這份報(bào)紙上只登載壞新聞

15、，如兇殺、行賄受賄和死亡等；二是在字里行間流露出自己的抱怨情緒 （對(duì)壞新聞厭惡透了），故應(yīng)選A。 5. 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論 邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。做這類題時(shí)，應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路，預(yù)測(cè)下文可能發(fā)展的內(nèi)容。文章可按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可按因果關(guān)系, 對(duì)比關(guān)系來描寫。 例 We are in the computer ageWe often see computers at workThey are especially useful in automati

16、c control，data processing（數(shù)據(jù)處理）and solving complicated problemsAnd they are finding their way into the homeThe part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day More and cleverer computers will continue to appearThey will run faster，have more functions and work much more

17、 skillfullyThey will take over more tasks from us，helping to change the face of our worldSome people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us However Which of the following statements will best continue the third paragraph？ A Computers will soon stop developing B Many people like co

18、mputers very much C Computers are as clever as man D I do not think computers will replace us completely 解析 本文采用了對(duì)比關(guān)系法來描寫，前面描寫了計(jì)算機(jī)的長(zhǎng)處，但作者用However一詞預(yù)示著將引出相反的觀點(diǎn)，故答案為D。 6. 結(jié)合已有的知識(shí)進(jìn)行推斷 知識(shí)推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，運(yùn)用自己 掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原義的結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。知識(shí)推斷題一般都是針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)。解答此類題，不僅需要我們有一定的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，而且還需要對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識(shí)有一個(gè)充分的理解

19、。 例 NMET1996 A篇 53. After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital? A. It is a childrens hospital. B. It has strict rules about visiting hours. C. The conditions there arent very good. D. The nurses and doctors there dont work hard. 解析 本文講述了一位母親采用拖地計(jì)謀混進(jìn)病房探視女兒的故事。由常識(shí)可知醫(yī)院內(nèi)拖地并非醫(yī)生護(hù)士的工作，選項(xiàng)D

20、不對(duì)。C項(xiàng)與文中的Its a fine hospital意思相矛盾。A項(xiàng)依據(jù)不充分，女兒未必都是兒童。正確答案是B。文中I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. 則暗示此規(guī)章在探視時(shí)間上是嚴(yán)格規(guī)定的，而且在實(shí)際生活中我們都知道醫(yī)院探視病人是有嚴(yán)格的制度的。如何做高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推斷題高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中的推斷題，要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，作出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類題目時(shí)，同學(xué)們要嚴(yán)格依據(jù)作者

21、所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語(yǔ)氣，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞句，然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。根據(jù)近幾年高考英語(yǔ)推斷題的考查情況，本文擬就對(duì)隱含意義的推斷、作者觀點(diǎn)的推斷、寫作目的推斷以及材料出處的推斷等四種典型的推斷題類型進(jìn)行分析，以幫助同學(xué)們熟練應(yīng)對(duì)。一、如何推斷隱含意義1推斷隱含意義的提問方式It can be inferred from the text that. According to, we can infer that .From the text we know that is most likely .When

22、the writer talks about , what the writer really means is .The writer suggests that .The story implies that .We can infer conclude from the passage that .這類題干中通常常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude, intend, purpose, be likely to等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)。2. 干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)在通常情況下，這類試題的干擾項(xiàng)具有以下特點(diǎn)：或是文章中直接用于表達(dá)細(xì)節(jié)的信息，或是文章中無關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論，

23、或是與文章內(nèi)容完全相反的結(jié)論，或是不合常理或不合邏輯的結(jié)論等。3. 答題誤區(qū)同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲱愵}目時(shí)，很容易誤選文段中直接用于表達(dá)信息的選項(xiàng)或表示片面結(jié)論的選項(xiàng)。4. 技巧點(diǎn)撥一是要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。二是要忠實(shí)原文，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。三是注意不要選擇表層信息答案，應(yīng)該立足由已知推斷未知。實(shí)例分析（江西卷）A stronger argument comes from research into school results. Girls grow up earlier than boys, tend to be more orderly and are likel

24、y to be better at languages. In a mixed class, boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker. Certainly in the UK this situation has greatly alarmed(驚動(dòng)) the government for it to be encouraging co-educational schools to have some single-sex class

25、es. In the UK the best schools are all single-sex, strongly suggesting that co-education is not the best answer. This may, however, not be as simple as it looks. It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex, rather than that being single-sex mak

26、es them better schools.At the end of the passage the writer suggests that _. A. single-sex schools are the best schools in the UKB. being single-sex does not necessarily make a school betterC. co-educational schools are better for both sexes in personal developmentD. because boys cannot compete with

27、 girls in study, they go to single-sex schools【解題思路分析】答案選 B。作者在羅列In a mixed class, boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker和In the UK the best schools are all single-sex等事實(shí)后，得出了It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the b

28、est students happen to be single-sex, rather than that being single-sex makes them better schools這個(gè)結(jié)論。要做對(duì)上面這道題，正確理解文章末尾這句結(jié)論性的句子至關(guān)重要。這里尤其要注意句中的rather than這個(gè)關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)，它的意思是“而不是”，用于否定或排除其后引出的內(nèi)容。故只有選項(xiàng)B最合適。 二、如何推斷作者觀點(diǎn)1. 提問方式The writers attitude toward is_.The writer thought that_.The writer According to the

29、author _.2. 干擾選項(xiàng)此類試題的干擾項(xiàng)通常具有以下特點(diǎn)：或是自己的某種看法或觀點(diǎn)，或是社會(huì)的一種普遍種傾向，或是與本文無關(guān)或與作者相反的觀點(diǎn)或看法等。3. 答題誤區(qū)：容易誤選與自己的看法相吻合的選項(xiàng)。4. 技巧點(diǎn)撥： 注意作者在文中的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子，才能推斷出作者的弦外之音。實(shí)例分析（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身體的) health. Stu

30、dies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a naturaland healthyemotional response(反應(yīng)).According

31、to the author, which of the following statements is true?A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.【解題思路分析】答案選B。作者在文章中說Studies show that to

32、o much control can lead to high blood press, heart problems and other illnesses，即過多地忍住情感（如忍住不哭等ch control can lead to high blood press, ）有可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康問題。這里雖然用了Studies show (研究表明)這樣的字眼，但作者在此顯然是為增加說服力而特意采用的一種表現(xiàn)手法，也就是說，研究所表明的結(jié)果就是作者的觀點(diǎn)，故最佳答案為B。 三、如何推斷寫作目的 1. 提問方式(1) 考查整篇文章The writer writes this passage in or

33、der to _.The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.What is the purpose of writing this article? In writing the passage, the author intends to _.(2) 考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖The writer uses the example ofto show that _.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.are mentioned i

34、n the first paragraph to _.常見的寫作目的歸納不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的, 但寫作目的通常有以下三種：(1)to entertain readers（娛樂讀者，讓人發(fā)笑）(2) to persuade readers（說服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)）(3) to inform readers（告知讀者某些信息）。技巧點(diǎn)撥 (1) 根據(jù)文體類別推斷寫作目的這就要求我們了解在歷年高考閱讀題中，不同文體與三種目的的大致對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，這有助于做好此類試題。第一種寫作目的（to entertain readers）常見于故事類的文章。如全國(guó)卷曾有一篇閱讀文章，作者虛構(gòu)了兩個(gè)宇航員在太空工

35、作的情形，一個(gè)宇航員Joe做完了修理工作后要回到飛船上，用力敲了多次飛船的門，但門都沒開，最后才傳來這樣一句話“Whos there ?” “Its me ! Who else could it be ?”Joe生氣地大喊。在這一問一答中作者的寫作目的就躍然紙上：因?yàn)樘仗幱谡婵諣顟B(tài)，不能傳播聲音，因此本文純屬虛構(gòu)，寫作目的是想令人發(fā)笑（to make people laugh）。而全國(guó)卷的另一篇閱讀文章，則更多地選擇那些可以顯示兩個(gè)主人公的笨拙的細(xì)節(jié)，目的是為了表現(xiàn)事情的有趣（to tell an interesting experience），從而達(dá)到娛樂讀者的目的。第二種寫作目的（to

36、persuade readers to sell a product or a service），或是要通過對(duì)旅游景點(diǎn)報(bào)刊雜志影片電視節(jié)目等的介紹來達(dá)到他的寫作目的：吸引更多的游客讀者或訂戶觀眾等（to attract more visitors / readers / audience）。如廣東卷曾有篇閱讀理解文章介紹了四種雜志的內(nèi)容和價(jià)格，其目的是to get more readers to subscribe。另一篇全國(guó)卷的閱讀理解文章則介紹了一種被稱為“籃子里的聚會(huì)”的家庭服務(wù)計(jì)劃，文章內(nèi)容包括服務(wù)的創(chuàng)意服務(wù)的內(nèi)容以及服務(wù)的價(jià)格和聯(lián)系方式，由此我們可以推斷出作者的寫作目的是：to se

37、ll a service。第三種寫作目的（to inform readers）多見于科普類新聞報(bào)道類文化類或社會(huì)類的文章，了解這類文章的寫作目的有賴于對(duì)文章主題的正確把握，閱讀時(shí)有必要找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句，或較好地對(duì)主題加以歸納如全國(guó)卷有篇閱讀文章，一開始我們就讀到了這樣的一個(gè)問題：“Excused from recycling because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute?” 這是介紹新產(chǎn)品或新思路的一種常見手法，可由此初步推斷寫作意圖，作者在接下來的兩個(gè)段落對(duì)這種廢物回收裝置作了具體的描述，并在最后一段告訴了我們這種裝置的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)，把

38、握了這些關(guān)鍵信息，我們也就明白了作者的意圖：to introduce a recycling system for high rises上海卷的一篇閱讀文章，一開始給出了文章的主題句In toy stores, what is old is new again之后從generational effect , economic factors 和marketing techniques三個(gè)方面分析了20世紀(jì)80年代的玩具又再重新熱銷的原因，這就是作者寫本文的目的：to analyze the reappearance of toys popular in the 1980從寫用手法來推斷寫作目的

39、請(qǐng)看一個(gè)實(shí)例（廣東卷）“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said.The wri

40、ter uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.A. test the readersknowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topicC. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them【分析】作者在文章開頭提出問題讓讀者思考，或是簡(jiǎn)單介紹與主題有關(guān)的其他事物，目的往往是為了引出主題（to draw the readers attention to t

41、he topic / to serve as an introduction to the discussion），故選B），故選。 四、如何推斷文章出處 1. 提問方式 推斷文章出處的設(shè)題形式有：The passage is most likely to be taken from_. Where would this passage most probably appear? The passage is most likely a part of_. 2. 解題技巧 這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處：(1)報(bào)紙：前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱。(2)廣告：因其格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn)

42、。(3)產(chǎn)品說明：器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量等。實(shí)例分析（全國(guó)卷）實(shí)例分析（全國(guó)卷）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take two tablets(藥片) with water

43、, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (緩解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount (量). For children under six years old, ask your doct

44、ors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from rest lessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.This text is most probably taken from a _.A. textbook B. newsreel C. doctors notebook D. bottle of medicine【解題思路分析】此題極易誤選D。的確，人們常在藥瓶上的說明中看到文章直接引語(yǔ)部分的文字內(nèi)容，但是像第一段這樣的內(nèi)容不可能出現(xiàn)在藥瓶上。由此可見，這一段文章應(yīng)選自教科書中有關(guān)如

45、何讀服藥說明的課文，故選A。 五、一點(diǎn)特別說明 閱讀理解中的推斷題通常涉及的是作者的看法、意圖與態(tài)度，即作者本人在文章字里行間所表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)或看法，此時(shí)千萬(wàn)不要誤認(rèn)為是在問“你”(考生)的想法。請(qǐng)看一個(gè)例子（全國(guó)卷）：Maybe ten-year-old Elizabeth put it best when she said to her father. “But, Dad, you cant be healthy if youre dead.” Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgo

46、tten to wear his safety belta mistake 75% of the US population make every day. The big question is why.Why did Elizabeth say to her father, “But, Dad, you cant be healthy if youre dead?A. He was driving at great speed. B. He was running across the street. C. He didnt wear his safety belt【解題思路分析】10歲的

47、女兒對(duì)父親說：“爸爸，你若死了，也就不可能健康了。”女兒為什么這樣說呢？下文告訴我們：父親匆匆忙忙在天黑之前開車趕回家，以便跑步鍛煉身體，但卻在開車回家時(shí)忘記系安全帶。顯然女兒是在責(zé)備父親未系安全帶開車，即答案選 C。如何做高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推斷題高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中的推斷題，要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，作出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類題目時(shí)，同學(xué)們要嚴(yán)格依據(jù)作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語(yǔ)氣，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞句，然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。根

48、據(jù)近幾年高考英語(yǔ)推斷題的考查情況，本文擬就對(duì)隱含意義的推斷、作者觀點(diǎn)的推斷、寫作目的推斷以及材料出處的推斷等四種典型的推斷題類型進(jìn)行分析，以幫助同學(xué)們熟練應(yīng)對(duì)。一、如何推斷隱含意義1推斷隱含意義的提問方式It can be inferred from the text that. According to, we can infer that .From the text we know that is most likely .When the writer talks about , what the writer really means is .The writer suggests

49、that .The story implies that .We can infer conclude from the passage that .這類題干中通常常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude, intend, purpose, be likely to等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)。2. 干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)在通常情況下，這類試題的干擾項(xiàng)具有以下特點(diǎn)：或是文章中直接用于表達(dá)細(xì)節(jié)的信息，或是文章中無關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論，或是與文章內(nèi)容完全相反的結(jié)論，或是不合常理或不合邏輯的結(jié)論等。3. 答題誤區(qū)同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲱愵}目時(shí)，很容易誤選文段中直接用于表達(dá)信息的選項(xiàng)或表示片面結(jié)論的選項(xiàng)。

50、4. 技巧點(diǎn)撥一是要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。二是要忠實(shí)原文，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。三是注意不要選擇表層信息答案，應(yīng)該立足由已知推斷未知。實(shí)例分析（江西卷）A stronger argument comes from research into school results. Girls grow up earlier than boys, tend to be more orderly and are likely to be better at languages. In a mixed class, boys who might do well in a sin

51、gle-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker. Certainly in the UK this situation has greatly alarmed(驚動(dòng)) the government for it to be encouraging co-educational schools to have some single-sex classes. In the UK the best schools are all single-sex, strongly suggesting that co

52、-education is not the best answer. This may, however, not be as simple as it looks. It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex, rather than that being single-sex makes them better schools.At the end of the passage the writer suggests that _. A

53、. single-sex schools are the best schools in the UKB. being single-sex does not necessarily make a school betterC. co-educational schools are better for both sexes in personal developmentD. because boys cannot compete with girls in study, they go to single-sex schools【解題思路分析】答案選 B。作者在羅列In a mixed cl

54、ass, boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker和In the UK the best schools are all single-sex等事實(shí)后，得出了It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex, rather than that being single-sex makes

55、them better schools這個(gè)結(jié)論。要做對(duì)上面這道題，正確理解文章末尾這句結(jié)論性的句子至關(guān)重要。這里尤其要注意句中的rather than這個(gè)關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)，它的意思是“而不是”，用于否定或排除其后引出的內(nèi)容。故只有選項(xiàng)B最合適。 二、如何推斷作者觀點(diǎn)1. 提問方式The writers attitude toward is_.The writer thought that_.The writer According to the author _.2. 干擾選項(xiàng)此類試題的干擾項(xiàng)通常具有以下特點(diǎn)：或是自己的某種看法或觀點(diǎn)，或是社會(huì)的一種普遍種傾向，或是與本文無關(guān)或與作者相反的觀點(diǎn)或看法

56、等。3. 答題誤區(qū)容易誤選與自己的看法相吻合的選項(xiàng)。4. 技巧點(diǎn)撥注意作者在文中的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子，才能推斷出作者的弦外之音。實(shí)例分析（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身體的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other il