《互換性與技術(shù)測量》之滾動軸承

1、11210613991411711284523Two types of bearings are used to support a shaft, i.e. sliding and rolling bearings. With small friction, high rotation flexibility and easy to maintain, rolling bearings are widely used standard components of mechanical equipment 軸承分為滑動軸承和滾動軸承，用于支撐軸。滾動軸承的摩擦阻力小，轉(zhuǎn)動靈活，維修方便，是機(jī)械設(shè)

2、備中廣泛應(yīng)用的一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件。 Limit and Fit of rolling bearings 55. Bearings 內(nèi)圈 緊密套裝在軸上, 隨軸旋轉(zhuǎn)；滾動軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)一般由四個(gè)元件組成 :滾動軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)外圈 裝在軸承座的孔內(nèi), 固定不動；滾動體 形式有圓球、圓柱、圓錐等, 排列在內(nèi)、外圈之間；保持架 用來把滾動體隔開。根據(jù)滾動體的形狀 劃分 Radial bearing 向心軸承 主要用于承受徑向載荷，如深溝球軸承。滾動軸承的分類 (2) Thrust bearing 推力軸承 只承受軸向載荷，如推力球軸承。滾動軸承的分類 (3) Radial thrust bearing 向心推力軸承

3、能同時(shí)承受徑向載荷和軸向載荷,如圓錐滾子軸承。有關(guān)滾動軸承的國標(biāo)規(guī)定： 規(guī)定了滾動軸承本身的尺寸公差、旋轉(zhuǎn)精度（跳動公差等）、測量方法； 還規(guī)定可與滾動軸承相配的箱體孔和軸頸的尺寸公差、形位公差和表面粗糙度。according to dimension precision and rotational precision rolling bearing include five grade:滾動軸承的五種精度等級a. GB/T30794（國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）: B, C, D, E and G .b. ISO（國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）: class2, class4, class5, class6 and Norma

4、l class.c. JIS（日本工業(yè)部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）: JIS2, JIS4, JIS5, JIS6 and JIS0.d. DIN（德國工業(yè)部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）: P2, P4, P5, P6 and P0.3 precision grade G is common grade 普通級 E is senior grade 高級 D is precise grade 精密級 C, B is super precise grade 超精級4. Using of the precision grade精度等級選用G grade is often used in common machine, such as mid

5、dle rotational speed, precision and load machine. G級：普通級，適用于普通機(jī)床和汽車的變速機(jī)構(gòu)；(2) E, D, C, B grade are often used in high precision, rotational speed and load machine. D is often used in front bearing of common machine tools axle; D級：精密級，普通機(jī)床主軸的前軸承； E is often used in back bearing of common machine tools

6、 axle; E級：高級，適用于普通機(jī)床主軸后軸承； C is often used in bearing of precise machine tool; C級適用于較精密機(jī)床主軸的軸承、儀器、儀表； B is often used in bearing of super precise machine tool;B 級適用于高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)特別精密機(jī)械，如數(shù)控機(jī)床。 (3) For E or G grade roll bearing E、G級的滾動軸承 Shaft from IT5 to IT7 軸的公差等級 hole from IT6 to IT8 殼體孔的公差等級(4) For D and C

7、 grade roll bearing D、C級的滾動軸承 Shaft from IT4 to IT5 軸的公差等級 hole from IT5 to IT6 殼體孔的公差等級Fig. 5.1 Common fits of shaft and housing5.2 ISO Nomenclature ISO系統(tǒng)要求 公差帶與基準(zhǔn)制？The tolerance zone of rolling bearing滾動軸承公差帶1）single direction 單向公差帶2）basic deviation of inner race is ES 內(nèi)圈基本偏差為ES3）basic deviation o

8、f outer is es 外圈基本偏差為esGEDCBGEDCB+0-+0-Dd軸承外圈外徑的公差帶軸承外圈外徑的公差帶軸承內(nèi)圈內(nèi)徑的公差帶軸承內(nèi)圈內(nèi)徑的公差帶2. The of rolling bearing基準(zhǔn)制選擇(1)Inner race and shaft is Hole-based system of fit; 內(nèi)圈與軸配合基孔制 (2) Outer race and hole is Shaft-based system of fit . 外圈與軸承座配合基軸制Fig. 5.1 Common fits of shaft and housing 選擇軸承配合性質(zhì)的依據(jù)？ 內(nèi)外圈所受

9、的負(fù)載類型、負(fù)載的大小、工作條件、相配合的孔和軸的材料和裝卸要求等。5.3 Various Load Conditions各種載荷情況1.The type of load 負(fù)荷類型 （1）direct load 定向負(fù)荷或局部負(fù)荷（2）cycling load循環(huán)負(fù)荷（3）swing load擺動負(fù)荷direct load局部負(fù)荷外圈相對于負(fù)荷方向固定Loose fittingcycling load循環(huán)負(fù)荷內(nèi)圈相對于負(fù)荷旋轉(zhuǎn)Tight fittingswing load擺動負(fù)荷大小和方向按一定規(guī)律變化的徑向負(fù)荷作用在套圈的部分滾道上。Table 5.1 Load conditions and

10、 fitsOuter race direct loadInner race cycling loadthe choice of fit 配合的選擇 (1)direct load: Transition Fit or Clearance Fit (g, h) 局部(定向)負(fù)荷選過渡或間隙配合(g, h）(2) cycling load: Transition Fit or Interference Fit (Ymin ) 循環(huán)負(fù)荷選擇過渡或較小過盈量的過盈配合(3) swing load: Transition Fit 擺動負(fù)荷選擇過渡配合2 The amount of load 負(fù)荷大小 （1

11、）P0.07C , light load P0.07C時(shí)為輕負(fù)荷（2）0.07CP0.15C , common load 0.07CP0.15C , weight load 當(dāng)P0.15C時(shí)為重負(fù)荷5.4 Geometric and Dimensional Accuracy, Surface Finish of rolling Bearings 滾動軸承的形位精度、尺寸與表面粗糙度Fig 5.3 geometrical tolerances例附表例附表4.4、4.55.5 The Design and Safety Guidelines滾動軸承的安全精度設(shè)計(jì)與指導(dǎo)The tolerance z

12、one of shaft and hole fitted 與滾動軸承配合的軸和殼體孔的公差帶hole is sixteen tolerance zone : G7, H8, H7, H6, J7, JS7, J6, JS6, K6, K7, M6, M7, N6, N7, P6, P7;殼體孔的公差帶5.5 The Design and Safety Guidelines滾動軸承的安全精度設(shè)計(jì)與指導(dǎo)(2) shaft is seventeen tolerance zone : g6, g5, h6, h5, j5, js6, k5, k6, m5, m6, n6, p6, r6, r7, h8

13、, h9.軸的公差帶100H7（ ）+0.0350A0.015 A0.061.62+0.01255j6（ ）-0.0070.040.01 AA0.631.25（1）在零件圖上，應(yīng)標(biāo)注以下參數(shù)：A、尺寸公差B、形狀公差C、位置公差D、表面粗糙度2.Marking in detail drawings and assembly drawings .零件圖和裝配圖的標(biāo)注55j6100H7（2）在裝配圖上，不用標(biāo)注軸承的公差等級代號，只需標(biāo)注與之相配合的軸承座及軸頸的公差等級代號。Example: Precision grade of Radial ball bearing is E. Inner r

14、ace rotate with shaft and inner race diameter d=50mm. Outer race is stationary and outer race diameter D=90mm. Directional load P= 4000N, rated load Cr=31400N.例題：精度等級為E級的徑向球軸承，內(nèi)圈隨軸旋轉(zhuǎn)，內(nèi)圈直徑d=50mm，外圈靜止，外圈直徑D=90mm，定向負(fù)荷P=4000N，額定負(fù)荷Cr=31400N。Question問題： 1.Tolerance zone code of shaft and housing fitted wi

15、th bearing?與滾動軸承配合的軸和殼體孔的公差帶代號？2. Geometrical tolerance and surface finish of shaft journal? 軸頸的形位公差和表面粗糙度?3. Geometrical tolerance and surface finish of shaft shoulder? 軸肩的形位公差和表面粗糙度?4. Geometrical tolerance and surface finish of housing journal? 殼體孔頸的形位公差和表面粗糙度?5. Geometrical tolerance and surface

16、 finish of housingshoulder?殼體孔肩的形位公差和表面粗糙度?1.Tolerance zone code of shaft and housing fitted with bearing?與滾動軸承配合的軸和殼體孔的公差帶代號？Solution: P=0.127Cr 正常負(fù)荷 table5.17 or table5.19 查附表查附表4.24.2，4.3 4.3 得軸公差帶代號k5,殼體孔公差帶代號H62. Geometrical tolerance and surface finish of shaft journal? 軸頸的形位公差和表面粗糙度?Solution：

17、 table5.2 or附表附表4.4 4.4 得圓柱度2.5微米，表面粗糙度0.63微米；3. Geometrical tolerance and surface finish of shaft shoulder? 軸肩的形位公差和表面粗糙度?Solution : 附表4.4 得端面圓跳動8微米，表面粗糙度1.25微米；4. Geometrical tolerance and surface finish of housing journal? 殼體孔頸的形位公差和表面粗糙度?Solution： 圓柱度6微米，表面粗糙度1.6微米；5. Geometrical tolerance and s

18、urface finish of housing shoulder? 殼體孔肩的形位公差和表面粗糙度?Solution： 端面圓跳動15微米，表面粗糙度2微米。結(jié)束結(jié)束Width or height series 寬（高）度系列代號寬（高）度系列代號Table 2-18 Table 2-20 附錄表附錄表2-18 Table 2-20Rolling bearing codes 滾動軸承的代號滾動軸承的代號According to national standards, structure, dimension, tolerance degree and technical requirements are represented by the code of the rolling bearing. 按國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定，滾動軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸、公差等級、技術(shù)性能等特按國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定，滾動軸承的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸、公差等級、技術(shù)性能等特性由滾動軸承代號來表示。性由滾動軸承代號來表示。 The