(完整版)小學(xué)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

1、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1. 動(dòng)詞的定義：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞叫做動(dòng)詞。表示動(dòng)詞的詞如ask ,walk 等2. 動(dòng)詞的分類：（1）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又叫行為動(dòng)詞，能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)：如 open， hold , learn（2）系動(dòng)詞又稱連系動(dòng)詞， 不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)， 后邊必須接表語(yǔ)組成系表結(jié)構(gòu)， 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、 性質(zhì)、特征等： be 動(dòng)詞（3）助動(dòng)詞， 主要協(xié)助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組的詞叫做助動(dòng)詞。 它本身沒(méi)有詞義， 和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可構(gòu)成否定或疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)： do、will 、 should、 would （ 4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞， 表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)行為或事物的態(tài)度和看法，認(rèn)為其可能、應(yīng)該或必要等。

2、由于詞義不完全，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，要后接動(dòng)詞完成謂語(yǔ)部分：must 、can、could 、may 、will3. 動(dòng)詞的基本形式（1）動(dòng)詞原形：動(dòng)詞未經(jīng)任何變化的原來(lái)形式。如： have、cut 、see（2）第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)：動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成和名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成法相 似。A. 直接加“ s” ： read-readsleave-leavesB. 以 e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加“ s ” : come-comesclose-closesC. 以 s. x. sh. ch.o結(jié)尾的單詞 ,加“es ” : watch-watches fix-fixes wash-washes go

3、-goesD. 以“輔音字母 +y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變“ y”為“ i”, 再加“ es” : cry-criesE. 以 “元音字母 +y”結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加“ s” :play-plays（3）過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)則：A. 直接加“ ed”： look-lookedwatch-watchedB. 以 e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加“ d” : live-livedlove-lovedC. 以“輔音字母 +y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變“ y”為“ i”, 再加“ed ”: cry-criedD. 以 “元音字母 +y”結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加“ s ” :play-playedE. 動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化表InfinitivePas

4、ttenseInfinitivePast tense1. am, iswas2.keepkept3. arewere4.letlet5. becomebecame6.makemade7. beginbegan8.meetmet9. bitebit10putput11. blowblew12.readread13. buybought14.riderode15. catchcaught16.runran17. comecame18.saysaid19. costcost20.seesaw21. cutcut22.singsang23.digdug24.sitsat25.dodid26sleeps

5、lept27. drawdrew28.speakspoke29. drinkdrank30.sweepswept31. eatate32.taketook33.fallfell34.teachtaught35. feedfed36.telltold37.feelfelt38.thinkthought39. flyflew40.throwthrew41.forgetforgot42.understandunderstood43. getgot44.givegave45. wakewoke46.gowent47. wearwore48.growgrew49. winwon50.have/hasha

6、d51. writewrote52.knowknew53 .breakbroke4.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) : 表示經(jīng)常性、規(guī)律性習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：1. 動(dòng)作詞一般用原形，但如果是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)（如 Tony ， he ， she ），動(dòng)作詞用第三人稱 單數(shù)形式，即加 s 或 es ;在主語(yǔ)前加 do, does 幫助疑問(wèn)句，后面的動(dòng)詞用原形； 在動(dòng)作詞前加 don't, doesn't 幫助否定句，后面的動(dòng)詞用原形。2. 句子中沒(méi)動(dòng)作詞時(shí)，用 be 動(dòng)詞： is , am , are ；is , am , are 放在主語(yǔ)前幫助疑問(wèn)句；is , am , a

7、re 后面加上 not 幫助否定句。3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can, may, should ，must 引起的句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形； can, may, should ，must 放在主語(yǔ)前幫助疑問(wèn)句，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形； can, may, should, must 后面加上 not 幫助否定句，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形。4. 肯定祈使：動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它否定祈使句： Don't +動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它5感嘆句： What a mess! What a beautiful desert!What beautiful flowers!What+( 形 )名How beautiful! Ho

8、w beautiful the flower is!How beautiful the flowers are! How+ 形We come from China. He comes from China.We are from China.A. 肯定句： (非第三人稱單數(shù) )主語(yǔ) +V+其它 (第三人稱單數(shù) )主語(yǔ) +Vs+其它 主語(yǔ) +be (is, am, are)+ 其它主語(yǔ) + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (can, may, should, must)+V+ 其它 She must go.B. 否定句： ( 非第三人稱單數(shù) ) 主語(yǔ) +don 't +V+ 其它 We don 't

9、come from China.(第三人稱單數(shù) ) 主語(yǔ) +doesn 't +V+ 其它 He doesn ' t come from China.主語(yǔ) +be (is, am, are) not+ 其它I aren ' tfrom China.主語(yǔ) + 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (can, may, should, must)+not +V+ 其它 C一般疑問(wèn)句： Do + (非第三人稱單數(shù) )主語(yǔ)+V+ 其它 Do you come from China?Does he come from China? Are you from China?Does +( 第三人稱單數(shù) )主語(yǔ)

10、+Vs+ 其它be (Is, Am, Are)+ 主語(yǔ) + 其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (Can, May, Should, Must)+主語(yǔ) + V+ 其它 She can't go.D特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞 +do +( 非第三人稱單數(shù) )主語(yǔ)+V+ 其它 特殊疑問(wèn)詞 +does +( 第三人稱單數(shù) ) 主語(yǔ) +Vs+ 其它 特殊疑問(wèn)詞 +be (is, am, are)+ 主語(yǔ) + 其它Where do you come from?Where does he come from?Where are you from?特殊疑問(wèn)詞 +情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (Can, May, Should, Must)+主語(yǔ)

11、 + V+ 其它 Can she go?二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) : 表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 結(jié)構(gòu)：1. be 動(dòng)詞 ( is , am , are) + 動(dòng)詞 ing (現(xiàn)在分詞 )； is , am , are 放在主語(yǔ)前幫助疑問(wèn)句，后面的動(dòng)詞加 ing ； is , am , are 后面加上 not 幫助否定句，后面的動(dòng)詞加 ing。A. 肯定句 :主語(yǔ)+be(is, am, are ) +Ving +其它They are coming here.B. 否定句：主語(yǔ) +be( is, am, are )+not +Ving +其它 They aren 't coming here. C

12、. 一般疑問(wèn)句： be( Is, Am, Are )+主語(yǔ)+ Ving +其它 Are they coming here?D. 特殊疑問(wèn)句： 特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + be( is, am, are )+主語(yǔ) + Ving + 其它 What are they doing?三、一般過(guò)去時(shí)：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 結(jié)構(gòu)：1. 動(dòng)作詞用過(guò)去式 (ed ) ； 在主語(yǔ)前加 did 幫助疑問(wèn)句，后面的動(dòng)詞用原形； 在動(dòng)作詞前加 didn 't 幫助否定句，后面的動(dòng)詞用原形。2. 句子中沒(méi)動(dòng)作詞時(shí)，用 be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式： was , were； was , were 放在主語(yǔ)前幫助疑問(wèn)句；

13、 was , were 后面加上 not 幫助否定句。A. 肯定句：主語(yǔ) +Ved+ 其它We came from China主語(yǔ) +be (was, were)+ 其它 We were from China.B. 否定句：主語(yǔ) +didn 't +V + 其它We didn 't come from China.主語(yǔ) +be (was, were) +not+ 其它 We weren ' t from China.C 一般疑問(wèn)句： Did + 主語(yǔ) +V + 其它 Did you come from China? be (Was, Were)+ 主語(yǔ) + 其它 Wer

14、e you from China?D 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ did + 主語(yǔ) +V +其它 Where did you from?特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + be (was, were) +主語(yǔ) +其它 Where were from?四、一般將來(lái)時(shí)：表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 結(jié)構(gòu)：1. be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形is , am , are 放在主語(yǔ)前幫助疑問(wèn)句；is , am , are 后面加上 not 幫助否定句。2. will+ 動(dòng)詞原形will 放在主語(yǔ)前幫助疑問(wèn)句，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形；will 后面加上 not 幫助否定句，后面接動(dòng)詞用原形He will dig a hole

15、.He is going to dig a hole.He won ' t dig a hole.He isn't going to dig a hole. Will he dig a hole?A. 肯定句：主語(yǔ) +will +V + 其它 主語(yǔ) + be going to +V + 其它B. 否定句：主語(yǔ) +will not +V + 其它 主語(yǔ) + be not going go +V + 其它C一般疑問(wèn)句： Will+ 主語(yǔ) +V+ 其它Be(Is, Am, Are) + 主語(yǔ) going to +V+ 其它 Is he going to did a hole? D 特

16、殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞 +will+ 主語(yǔ) +V+ 其它 What will he do?特殊疑問(wèn)詞 +be(is, am, are) + 主語(yǔ) going to +V+ 其它 What is he going to do?五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。結(jié)構(gòu)：1. be 動(dòng)詞 （ was, were） + 動(dòng)詞 ing ；was, were 放在主語(yǔ)前幫助疑問(wèn)句，后面的動(dòng)詞加 ing ；was, were 后面加上 not 幫助否定句，后面的動(dòng)詞加 ing 。A. 肯定句 :主語(yǔ) +be （ was, were ） +VingHe was digging a hole.B. 否定句

17、： 主語(yǔ) +be （ was, were ）+not +Ving He wasn ' td igging a hole.C. 一般疑問(wèn)句： be（ Was, Were ）+主語(yǔ) + Ving Was he digging a hole?D. 特殊疑問(wèn)句： 特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + be （ was, were ）+主語(yǔ) + Ving What was he doing二）時(shí)態(tài)意義與結(jié)構(gòu)一覽表：時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)意義與動(dòng) 詞主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式常用時(shí)間肯定句否定句（特殊 ）疑問(wèn)句般1.表示現(xiàn) 在的狀 態(tài)。be 動(dòng) 詞三單isis not（疑問(wèn)詞 ） is + 主語(yǔ)always, often, now usually

18、, sometimes, ever, never, in the morning ' in the afternoon,Iamam not（疑問(wèn)詞 ）am+ 主語(yǔ)you,復(fù)areare not（疑問(wèn)詞 ）are+ 主語(yǔ)2. 表示 經(jīng)常性習(xí)情 態(tài)所有 主語(yǔ)can +Vcan not +V（疑問(wèn)詞 ）can +主語(yǔ) +Vmay +Vmay not +V（疑問(wèn)詞 ）may+ 主語(yǔ) +V現(xiàn)在時(shí)慣性的動(dòng) 作、興趣 愛(ài)好或能 力。動(dòng)詞must +Vmust not +V（疑問(wèn)詞 ）must+ 主語(yǔ) +Vin the evening, at night, on Sunday, every once

19、a week, twice a month, 3 times a yearshould+Vshould not+V（疑問(wèn)詞 ）should+ 主語(yǔ) +V行 為 動(dòng) 詞三單Vsdoesn't +V（疑問(wèn)詞 ）does +主語(yǔ) +V非三單Vdon't +V（疑問(wèn)詞 ）do + 主語(yǔ) +V3.祈使句be無(wú)BeDon 't beBe quick. Don't be worried.行為無(wú)VDon't +VListen to me. Don't push.4.感嘆句What a mess! What a beautiful desert!What beau

20、tiful flowers!How beautiful!How beautiful the flower is!How beautiful the flowers are!一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去 了的動(dòng)作 或狀態(tài)。be 動(dòng) 詞單 youwaswas not（疑問(wèn)詞 ） was + 主語(yǔ)yesterday, this morning, before that, last復(fù) +youwerewere not（疑問(wèn)詞 ）were+ 主語(yǔ)行為所有主語(yǔ)Veddidn 't +V（疑問(wèn)詞 ）did + 主語(yǔ) +V現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在 正在進(jìn)行 的動(dòng)作。行 為 動(dòng) 詞三單is +Vingis not +V

21、ing（疑問(wèn)詞 ） is +主語(yǔ) +Vingnow, Listen! Look! Where 'sIam +Vingam not +Ving（疑問(wèn)詞 ）am+ 主語(yǔ) +Vingyou,復(fù)are+Vingare not +Ving（疑問(wèn)詞 ）are+ 主語(yǔ)+Ving過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去 某時(shí)正在 進(jìn)行的動(dòng) 作。行為單 youwas +Vingwas not +Ving（疑問(wèn)詞 ）was+主語(yǔ) +Vingyesterday this morning at that time at nine 復(fù) +youwere +Vingwere not+Ving（疑問(wèn)詞 ）were+ 主語(yǔ)+Ving一般將

22、來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或 狀態(tài)。1be所有主語(yǔ)will+ bewon't+ be（疑問(wèn)詞 ）will + 主語(yǔ)+ betomorrow, this evening, later, in a minute, after that, next 行為Will+ Vwon't +V（疑問(wèn)詞 ）Will +主語(yǔ) + V2行為動(dòng)詞三單is going to+Vis not going to+V（疑問(wèn)詞 ）is+ 主語(yǔ) going to+VIam going to+Vam not going to+V（疑問(wèn)詞 ）am +主語(yǔ) going to+Vyou,復(fù)are going to+Vare not going to+V（疑問(wèn)詞 ）are+主語(yǔ) going to+V123578910.11.12.13.14.1