寫作初階課程講義版

1、寫作初級強化考研英語寫作初級強化主講：1 / 19寫作初級強化寫作訓(xùn)練關(guān)鍵§§recitation inputimitation output課程體系§§§§§1、大作文趨勢： wave2、語言節(jié)奏初感受：rhythm3、七大寫作要點: improvement 4、主體段落展開手法: twinkle 5、小作文語言特點：easinesswrite第一章大作文趨勢： wave英語一 漫畫作文（cartoon,學(xué)術(shù)型英語二 圖表作文（chart，專業(yè)型），標(biāo)準(zhǔn)字?jǐn)?shù)在 200230 字；），標(biāo)準(zhǔn)字?jǐn)?shù) 160-180 字。§

2、;§寫作文之前要快速列好英文提綱（提綱上列什么，作文就寫什么，不可改。）提綱所列內(nèi)容：What§Description (30-40 words)+Macro views (20 words)Why/effect100 words§How§引語（現(xiàn)象），（內(nèi)、外）/影響（內(nèi)，外）, 舉例50-70 words suggestions: 規(guī)則，行為，思想舉例時可用的套話：§§A good caseexemplification coto my mind is 人物，whowhich.This phenomenon is not isol

3、ated(這個現(xiàn)象不是唯一的).現(xiàn)象句（第二段）§It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depression of Americans traditional virtue raising the elder without any excuse to yield.句ing ability /引出§Several factors could weigh heavily for the promotion/depression of. , yet, suspended at the top

4、of the list are the following three causes. To begin with, . Moreover,. The last but not the least,.How to grasp the main idea of the picture?§考研作文中不需要創(chuàng)造力，選擇最簡單的切入點、忠于漫畫才是關(guān)鍵（no creativity，focusing on main idea!）典型：2003 年 1 月 溫室里的花朵2 / 19寫作初級強化考試趨勢：1.當(dāng)年熱點擦邊球§05 年 1 月（對應(yīng) 04 年）“養(yǎng)老足球賽” raising

5、 the eldersseniors / pensioners3 / 19寫作初級強化06 年 1 月idol over-worship07 年 1 月confidence 自信08 年 1 月hand-in-hand(cooperation), handicapped, physically-challenged4 / 19寫作初級強化§趨勢分析2.傳統(tǒng)話題§09 年 1 月webnet 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的利弊網(wǎng)絡(luò)的“近”與“遠”10 年 1 月cultural pot (同 2002 年卷)11 年 1 月 moral degeneration5 / 19寫作初級強化12 年 1

6、月optimism and pessimism13 年 1 月selection總結(jié)考研作文就是在考句子，要建立 sensational bridge， 看每年 410 月的大事。實際。搜“事記” 。話題6 / 19寫作初級強化一、個體的和諧發(fā)展（individuality）1、自信的重要性2、節(jié)約與浪費（thrift and waste）Thrift 節(jié)約adj. thrifty3、successn. frugalityI IIIIIHow to treat success properly?What is the major factor to attain success?如何什么是？的

7、主要？Is discontent the main factor leading toresulting in /giving rise to success?不滿足感是導(dǎo)致4、夢想與現(xiàn)實的aspiration5、誠信的主要嗎？（ideal and reality）§§§I 企業(yè)的責(zé)任感 responsibilityII 企業(yè)沒有誠信度 creditIIIplagiarismplagiarize偽劣商品 fake commodities山寨 copycat = “shanzhai” products 6、高分低能現(xiàn)象（high score, low-compete

8、nce）7、一個人的職業(yè)選擇與職業(yè)規(guī)劃跳槽（job-hop）、找工作（job-hunting）、職業(yè)規(guī)劃（job-projecting）二、個人與他人以及命題點：的和諧1、cooperation = team work2、how to treat competition correctly? 如何競爭? 3、網(wǎng)絡(luò)的利弊4、on-line surfing(上網(wǎng)沖浪) E-commerce5、食品安全food safety6、傳統(tǒng)價值觀的回歸traditional values vs. western onesMake a comeback7、慈善，spare no efforts to prov

9、ide favors to others who are involved in some grieving situation, charity / philanthropy三、人與自然和諧發(fā)展Over-fishery、smoking、ecocide（考過）1、車的利弊 private automobile(traffic jam, air pollution, noise pollution) 2、亂砍濫伐 deforest n. deforestation(土地流失 landslide、泥石流 mudslide)3、關(guān)于歷史古跡破壞與保護的問題the problem of the his

10、toric site concerningrelated to itsand destruction補充：7 / 19寫作初級強化環(huán)境問題1、global war全球變暖2、desertification 沙漠化3、low-carbon lifestyle網(wǎng)絡(luò)話題：1、“hacker” 2、on-line shop3、social networks教育話題：1、反-plagiarism ()2、學(xué)術(shù)研究 academic research3、4、答辯 thesis defense實踐 social practice5、素質(zhì)教育 quality-oriented education vs. qu

11、問題：ty-oriented education1、人炸 population explosion2、知識產(chǎn)權(quán) intellectual property3、慈善 charity / philanthropy第二章語言節(jié)奏初感受高分作文初感受。rhythm小作文示例：如何從 0 分變 8 分應(yīng)用文（10 分）：100120 字，大綱明晰寫作要點范文：(0 分作文如何變成 8 分作文） Dear Big boss:I do not want work longer. Hope you understand me, understand my difficulties.Money is not h

12、igh. You know, I am a college, can have a large money. However, you onlygives me small job and little money. I was a monitor always in my college.I do not want work here, really? I hope you will not angry me.Yours sincerely,Li總結(jié)：1. 開頭直抒其義2. 中間段：兩因 （1:工資低,2：無發(fā)展)3：結(jié)尾段客套。完美的結(jié)構(gòu)，悲催的語言。Perfect structure,

13、pathetic language.5 分版：Dear Manager Wang,I am writing this letter to extend my rough decision for quitting the job. I really hope that you couldtake intomy deplorable / grieving situation as losing orientation in the work.Honestly speaking, my salary appears remarkably low compared with other same-l

14、evel co-workers.After all, I have got a Bachelors degree so that I should have earned a little bit more. However, a merely8 / 19寫作初級強化trivial / humble position was given to me here. It is a great pity that I have difficulties (in) finding anyopportuto get self-promotion.Actually, it takes me a lot o

15、f time to make up my mind for departure.a lot for grngme chances to share many brilliant experiences here in such a long time. Wish our corporation a more splendid-shining future.cordially yours,Li第三章 七大寫作技巧 improvement一、列提綱brainstor用英文列：Over-consu如 ”過度消費“behavior (消費行為), energy-consubehavior (能源消費)

16、, conserve energy,frugality plays a key/critical role in living in a high-standarded and safe way.寫作文之前要先列好提綱，列提綱時將。key tips 列出要點（用英語），主要列what、描述why (case) 現(xiàn)象詞，內(nèi)外因howCase: 1、quit job（辭職）practical 生活化，舉例子的/ effectI、migrate to another city tofor the common ideal with my girlfriend.II、find it difficult

17、 to get along with my immediate managerimmediate superior.III、need more challenge, Im awho is full of passion,ality and endurance.2、人們?yōu)槭裁磻?yīng)該接受高等教育？ Why do you think people should attend college?I、find a good jobII、to undergo more and gain more.As an old famous proverba classic saying goes, “no pains,

18、 no gains.”The way to practice academic research may appear tougher than you have ever imagined, yet we will win the of the world in this process of pursuing eminence.sIII、to better myknowledge and courtesy.ality, lead a cultural life, which is defined as a fluent interaction between推薦話題1、競爭與合作的Comp

19、etition and cooperationcollaborationwork together for the same goal.2、每年的考研人數(shù)/考人數(shù)和出國人數(shù)遞增the pursuer of Masters Degree, the candidate for the public servant, the applicant of studying abroad 3、公平意識 a sense of Fair-Play （Justice）二、避免為體現(xiàn)語言水準(zhǔn)而犯的語法錯誤拉長句子: 理論上，一個句子只要主謂賓保住了，想寫多長就可以寫多長，因為其他加上去的東西，不管怎么加，都是修飾

20、。什么是修飾，就是有它沒它，句子意思都發(fā)生實質(zhì)改變。Case:我愛你中文表達法：一朵梨花壓海棠、外形俊俏勝的我，深深地愛上了那個面如桃花、身若珠玉、令一夜變憔悴、江眼鏡片崩碎的你 鳳姐9 / 19寫作初級強化英文表達法：我, who 一朵梨花壓海棠、外形俊俏勝，深深地愛上了那個你 鳳姐, who 面如桃花、身若珠玉、令一夜變憔悴、江眼鏡片崩碎。如何加修飾？ 一句話，在后面做文章1.（n.）+ which/who/that§Case: 許多人很重視擁有多少奢侈品。（1） 素顏版：Many people take seriously luxuries.（2） 一個妝真的可以改變一個人那些

21、把一個人擁有財產(chǎn)的數(shù)量當(dāng)做評判其活方式。地位的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人們，會很重視追逐奢侈品的生Many people who consider A as B take seriously the lifestyle of pursuing luxuries. A: the number of ones bling goodsB: an only standard to judge his/her social position那些把一個人擁有財產(chǎn)的數(shù)量當(dāng)做評判其活方式。地位的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人們，會很重視追逐奢侈品的生Many people who consider the quty of ones blin

22、g belongings as a unique criterion to judge onessocial rank, thus, may take seriously the lifestyle of “chasing after” luxuries.(metaphor)2. (n.)/ 句子結(jié)尾 + V-ed、en() / V-ing(主動)Case1: youngsters, ranging from / who range from 20 to 30-year oldsCase2: 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，和十年前的 5%相比，現(xiàn)在有近 24%的年輕白領(lǐng)表示不清楚想要什么。A recent fin

23、ding has provided the first concrete clue that 24 percent more or less of young white collars， ranging from 25 to 30-year olds, are barely sure of what to keep and what to get rid of, compared with those of 5 percent one decade ago.3（n.）+ with + (n.)a pretty girl a girl with an angel-like face and a

24、 fairy-like figureCase: 當(dāng)今，很多有錢人喜歡通過買豪車來顯示的和。素顏版：Nowadays, a lot of riches like buying luxurious autos to show their existence.變妝版：These days, an overwhelnumber of people, with money bulging out of their pockets, areswitching their expenditure into purchasing limousines/luxurious vehicles, (which ar

25、e) defined as thetypical marks of ones attainment.三、開頭單刀（虛開頭）1、圖表作文 chartillustration、表格 tableThe table given above orderly arranges the informationfigures about matter that 趨勢句 (先總趨勢，再展開數(shù)據(jù)細節(jié)) ：the population who have taken plastic surgery, which indicatesdiss a tof、餅圖 pie chartThe pie chart (which

26、is) given above compares the proportionspercentage distributions of displaying that 趨勢 （先趨勢，后展開數(shù)據(jù)細節(jié)）, manifesting#：“post-graduate exam” participants and the candidates of the public servant #10 / 19寫作初級強化、趨勢圖 line chart /柱狀圖 bar chartThe line chart manifested above indicates the qu displaying that數(shù)據(jù)

27、描寫展開時注意加、減、乘、除ty variation of. over the period from year.to.,參考：.呈上升趨勢，其中 2000 年與 2005 年保持平衡，08 年是 07 年的.倍描寫The sales volume rises up sharply by 25 percent to 10 billion dollars in the third quarter in 1998, thenkeestable from 1999 to 2007, with a slight drop of in year 2000 . The most apparently, t

28、urnoversvolume in 2008 is twice as many as it is in 2007, which means. .Hold steady(保持平衡) increase to (漲到了.) increase by (漲了.) drop to(跌到 ) rise up dramatically / steadily / slightly2.漫畫作文虛開頭、坊間流傳多年的所謂經(jīng)典套話As can be seen in the picture given above， /As is vividly illustrated in the cartoon given abov

29、e, 、直接描述 direct description02 年考研：穿著傳統(tǒng)服飾素顏版：In the cartoon given above is a beautiful American girl， who is standing over there in atraditional costume，smiling just like a flower.妝后版：Sweet and graceful, a deliciously pretty American girl is heading towards us, dng withswinging locks in atraditional

30、costume.05 年考研試題，“養(yǎng)老足球賽”素顏版：A poor elder, who is desperate and helpless, is being kicked among his daughters and sons feet.妝后版：Desperate and helpless, a poor elder is being kicked just like a football among these evil feet.12 年 悲觀樂觀Positively and optimistically, the man in the right side of the pict

31、ure considers a little water in the bottle as a God-blessed present , yet in the left side is the other one who could merely condemn the nearly empty bottle as a totally broken hope.§11 / 19寫作初級強化火鍋§Nutritious and tasteful, in the hot-pot are those irresistible dishes,includingKung-fu,Shak

32、espeare, western humanities, Buddhism, etc., which are regarded as a splendid cultural festival.§Unwillingly and toughly, a man with a painful expression is hanging on the top of a building, which is besieged by a lot of vehicles flooding into every corner of streets.Distressed and helpless, a

33、man with a painful expression is hanging on the top of a building, which isbesieged by a lot of vehicles flooding every corner of streets.§練習(xí)：失敗是之母Is failure a bad thing?As a classic proverb delivered by a well-known philosopher goes, “failure is the mother of success”, which means the failure

34、plays a key role in the way to approach / attain success.§12 / 19寫作初級強化四、主體段：緊扣，展開論述§主體段內(nèi)容：實開頭+/影響+例證1. 實開頭：指文章第二段的開頭(注意審題，看清楚題目要我們寫什么) 如: How to protect our environment? 如何保護環(huán)境？第二段：雖然我們?nèi)祟愖鲞^許多破壞環(huán)境的事ThoughWhile / Yet we human beings have done many things (which are) harmful / malicious to o

35、ur surroundings, we still have remedies / prescriptions(解決方案) in our hands now. On the one hand, . On the other hand, .2、例證 exemplification、A good case in point is., whowhich.、Considering the issue ofwhich. 例證操練，I can think of no better exemplification than a classmate of mine named ., who§練：動物

36、懂自然規(guī)律嗎？ Do animals know natural law?Considering the instinct of animals to make use of natural laws for healing themselves, I can think of no better exemplification than the gorilla / monkey, which would search for the very rightproper / appropriate herbs tocure itself when (it is) bit by a poisonou

37、s snake.§練習(xí) 2：我驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)人的潛能是無限的，我發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有比我同學(xué)更例子了。當(dāng)他逼看了 2的書后，他托福考了 110 分。Considering the potentials of our mankind to step above the infiniteness, I can think of no better exemplification than one of my roommates, who found the appropriate methods to successfully earn a score of110 in TOEFL Exams with

38、in 2 months, beginning at a very medium academic level.五、結(jié)尾呼應(yīng)開頭：換一種說法來重述Eg：Smoking harms ones health結(jié)尾：的觀點All analyses presented above convince people that smoking is dangerous to ones fitness. Thus, we should try our bestmake effortswork like Trojans to help smokers leave cigarettestobaccos / 555,

39、Marlboro, Parliament,Kent, etc.Eg:父母應(yīng)該和成年后的子女住在一起嗎Should elderly parents live together with their adult children?支持的觀點（結(jié)尾）：To sum it up, living in a big-harmonious family gives people a sense of belonging. Thus, not merely the elderly parents but the adult children themselves need such a multi-gener

40、ational domestic atmosphereas well.練習(xí)此話題觀點和大學(xué)生應(yīng)該打零工嗎?六、邏輯性與連貫性 logically and coherently§夜深了，我回到家，發(fā)現(xiàn)大門已經(jīng)關(guān)了。我悄悄翻過墻進入院子，生怕吵醒父母。Eg:1、夜深了 2、我回到家，3、發(fā)現(xiàn)大門已經(jīng)關(guān)了。4、我悄悄翻過墻進入院子，5、生怕吵醒父母。It was deep at night. I came back home. I found the gated. I climbed over the wall into the yard stealthily. I feared that

41、 I might wake up my parents.13 / 19寫作初級強化It was deep at night. I came back home. I found the gate stealthily. I feared that I might make up my parents.怎樣組合：時間作狀語d. I climbed over the wall into the yardIt was deep at night.連貫動作合并>>>>Deep at night,I came back home. I found the gated.>&g

42、t;>>d.I came back home only to(就) find the gate因果合并I climbed over the wall into the yard stealthily. I feared that I might wake up my parents.For fearing waking up my parents, I climbed over the wall into the yard stealthily.>>>>上大學(xué)已經(jīng) 3 年了，但是仍然不習(xí)慣北練習(xí)（用兩句話寫完）：室友叫小李，他是南方人，他到方的生活。他不愛吃

43、饅頭，討厭干燥的風(fēng)，他決定畢業(yè)后回南方工作。Having been infor 3 years, my roommate, Xiao Li, who comes from the South, is still not accustomed tothe lifestyle of North (such as eating steamed b back his hometown for working after his graduation. 七、建立自信 confidence口語：我知道 I know.I can tell. / You got it.Eg:駱駝的特點是可以幾天不喝水 .an

44、d bearing the dry wind of). Hence, he decides to goThe character of the camel is that it can live without water for several days.§§1、The camel is able to be alive without water for several days.2、What is special about the camel is that it is OK even if having no water for drinking for seve

45、ral days.3、Different from other animals, the camel wont die even without water for several days.§女性的角色轉(zhuǎn)變：不應(yīng)僅僅回歸廚房When it comes to the question about what time we are supposed to exert some drastic measures to preserve ourprecious natural resources, undoubtedly, the answer is “NOW”!When it comes

46、 to the question about what kind of social role a female is supposed to establish, unquestionably, myanswer is that women should never declare their loyalty / allegiance to the kitchen any more.小結(jié)：訓(xùn)練時，腦中想到的第一個想法 passI THINK = I set forth thatEg:人們注意到失業(yè)遠不止帶來，還帶來嚴(yán)重的心理失衡，不少人失去工作后很快萎靡下來。§1、People h

47、ave noticed that the unemployment brings not only economic pressure but also mentalunbalancestress because many people will become weak soon after they lose/losing their jobs.§2、It has been observed that unemployment, which is quite aside from exerting final pressures, bringsenormous psychologi

48、cal discomfort as well so that many individuals degenerate / step into the dark rapidly when (they are) jobless.be aside from 除了之外§14 / 19寫作初級強化第四章§主體段落展開手法中間：緊扣觀點,展開論述（sptwinkleing）一、并列列舉法§名詞列舉，列舉名詞列舉AvatarAvatar, a recently-prevailing 3D fictional movie, has gained an overwhel stimu

49、lated a new wave for innovating picturing technology.attention from the public andPlastic Surgery, a recently-disputable social issue, . .Case：§§關(guān)于女性在購物時的四種有以下四種女性：1、花枝招展的小隨意購物In this relentless shopprocess are, definitely, four kinds of females the deliciously gorgeous teenage dng with sw

50、inging locks;2、年輕的媽媽教她的女兒怎么打醬油the young mother teaching her baby girl the right soap for skin care; 3、中年婦女購物時聲音如打雷般the middle-aged housewife with a voice like thundersaw;4、老奶奶購物無比詭異the old lady with ventures and irregularity.列舉Case:關(guān)于人際的冷漠At the first glance, as the economic boom brings not merely m

51、aterial comfort but fast rhythm of daily life as well,modern citizens, especially those in metropolises, are undergoing an unprecedented pressure from work so that they dont have time and energy to take care of relationship among colleagues as well as family members.Moreover, the overwhel use of Int

52、ernet and the wide emergence of innovative E-products, ranging fromMicrosoft Kinect to Ipad Mini, have prevented our fellow citizens from talking with each other face to face. Instead of chatting in real life, people are discussing issues in virtual / imagined zones, which are comprised of many chil

53、ly CPUs.Last but not the least, peoples spare time is mostly preoccupied with a lot of compelling entertaining programs，such as TV reality shows(“American Idol”,“Got Talent”,“If you are the one”,etc.), electronic games andpubs. Naturally, it is preferable for our fellow citizens to watch TV at home

54、rather than to visit old friends.練：人為什么要追求美？ 交通擁擠問題產(chǎn)生的？舉例子Keyword:A good case in point is.,whowhich.It goes without saying that 句子It goes with no denying that 句子. 說明了,解釋了Shed light onforshed the spotlight onthrow light on15 / 19寫作初級強化狀況和婚姻的al condition, undoubtedly, plays a critical role in the stat

55、e of marriage. It goes with no denying thatThe finabout the time that economy places in a low position, the majority of our fellow citizens incline to/tend to remainsingle.Case:關(guān)于體育與身體健康以及促進發(fā)展的【實開頭：觀點句】The process of bodybuilding can improve our sense of perseverance and endurance，thus preparing us for sufficient energies to face the pressure in work or other circumstances.(導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果)A good case in point is the Marathon race, during which the athletes have to coverrun a longgeographicaldistance. Without a brave and resolute heart, it is impossible for any runner to finish this mis