高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)--主謂一致ppt課件

1、復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)1. 主謂一致主要遵照三個(gè)原那么：主謂一致主要遵照三個(gè)原那么： 語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致、就近一致。語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致、就近一致。2. 分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、不定式、動(dòng)詞分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing方式作方式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致。主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致。根底知識(shí)根底知識(shí)一、主謂一致的原那么一、主謂一致的原那么主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致。普通遵照以下原那么：持一致。普通遵照以下原那么：1. 語(yǔ)法一致原那么：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和語(yǔ)法一致原那么：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上一致，即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)方式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)數(shù)上一致，即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)方式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)方式；主

2、語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)方式，詞也采用單數(shù)方式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)方式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)方式。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)方式。2. 意義一致原那么：謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于意義一致原那么：謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)的意義。有時(shí)主語(yǔ)方式上為單數(shù)，主語(yǔ)的意義。有時(shí)主語(yǔ)方式上為單數(shù)，但意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)意義但意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)意義也用復(fù)數(shù)方式；有時(shí)主語(yǔ)方式上為復(fù)數(shù)也用復(fù)數(shù)方式；有時(shí)主語(yǔ)方式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義上卻是單數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)意，但意義上卻是單數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)意義運(yùn)用單數(shù)方式。義運(yùn)用單數(shù)方式。3. 就近一致原那么：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的方式與臨就近一致原那么：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的方式與臨近近 的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上一致，如的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上一

3、致，如“There be 句型即適用這一原那么。句型即適用這一原那么。二、主謂一致的詳細(xì)運(yùn)用二、主謂一致的詳細(xì)運(yùn)用1. 名詞作主語(yǔ)名詞作主語(yǔ)1) 集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，假設(shè)表示整體概念，謂集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，假設(shè)表示整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)方式；假設(shè)強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)方式；假設(shè)強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)方式。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)名詞有：動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)方式。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)名詞有：army, audience, class, family, team, crowd, staff, committee, enemy, government, population等。等。 有些集合名詞如有些集合名詞如cattle, peo

4、ple, police等，等，通常看作復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必需用復(fù)數(shù)。通?？醋鲝?fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必需用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g. The team is the best in the league. The team are driving to the game in their own cars. team 意為意為“隊(duì)員們隊(duì)員們 The police are also looking for a second car.2) 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其意單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其意義來(lái)決議謂語(yǔ)方式，常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)名詞義來(lái)決議謂語(yǔ)方式，常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)名詞 有：有：deer, fish, sheep, Chi

5、nese, Japanese, means, works工廠等。工廠等。 e.g. The only means of communication between them was sign language. All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.3) 表示單數(shù)概念的復(fù)形名詞，如：學(xué)科表示單數(shù)概念的復(fù)形名詞，如：學(xué)科maths，physics等、機(jī)構(gòu)、書(shū)名、劇等、機(jī)構(gòu)、書(shū)名、劇名等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。名等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。 e.g. Maths is one of the most

6、 important courses in the senior school. The Times is Britains oldest national daily.4) 表成雙成對(duì)的名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通表成雙成對(duì)的名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)方式，有：常用復(fù)數(shù)方式，有：trouser, shoe, chopstick, sunglass等。但假設(shè)其前有等。但假設(shè)其前有a pair of, a kind of等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞普等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞普通用單數(shù)。通用單數(shù)。 e.g. A pair of trousers is on the bed. My blue trousers hav

7、e worn out.5) 當(dāng)名詞短語(yǔ)中心詞為表示間隔、金額、當(dāng)名詞短語(yǔ)中心詞為表示間隔、金額、時(shí)間等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往把這些復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)間等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 e.g. Seven kilometers was covered in two hours. Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford. Ten minutes was given to prepare the answer.6) “the +描畫(huà)詞或過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)造作主語(yǔ)時(shí)描畫(huà)詞或過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)造作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如表

8、示一類(lèi)可數(shù)的人或事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如表示一類(lèi)可數(shù)的人或事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，這類(lèi)詞有用復(fù)數(shù)，這類(lèi)詞有wounded, rich, unemployed, blind等。等。 e.g. The unemployed lead a miserable life.7) “more than one / many a +單數(shù)名詞作單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)方式；主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)方式；“more + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one 作主語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)方式。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)方式。 e.g. There is more than one answer to your qu

9、estion. Many a critic is satisfied with the play. More boxes than one have been used at the station.8) “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of + 名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of 后名詞的數(shù)。后名詞的數(shù)。 e.g. Only one third of the work was done yesterday. Three fourths of the students come to school on time.2. 代詞作主語(yǔ)代詞

10、作主語(yǔ)1) 由代詞由代詞each, every one, no one, either, neither, another以及合成代詞以及合成代詞something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, someone, anyone, everyone作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用單數(shù)。用單數(shù)。 e.g. Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. Anyone who is over sixteen is allowed in

11、.2) 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞who, that, which 等在定語(yǔ)從句等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。數(shù)一致。 e.g. David is one of those people who have trouble making up their minds.先行先行 詞是詞是people He is the only one of the students who was late this morning.當(dāng)當(dāng)one 前有前有 the only 時(shí)，先行詞是時(shí)，先行詞是one3) all, most, none, some 等作主語(yǔ)

12、時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的方式要根據(jù)它們所替代的內(nèi)容來(lái)動(dòng)詞的方式要根據(jù)它們所替代的內(nèi)容來(lái)定。定。 e.g. All who have studied this question have come to the same conclusion. None is more qualified for the task than he.3. 由銜接詞銜接的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)由銜接詞銜接的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)1) 用用and或或both . and . 銜接并列主語(yǔ)，假銜接并列主語(yǔ)，假設(shè)意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。設(shè)意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。但由但由and銜接的并列主語(yǔ)假設(shè)指的是同一銜接的并

13、列主語(yǔ)假設(shè)指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞那么用單數(shù)方式，這時(shí)那么用單數(shù)方式，這時(shí)and后面的可數(shù)名后面的可數(shù)名詞不帶冠詞。詞不帶冠詞。e.g. Both the secretary and the manager have agreed to be present. Law and order means different things to people with different political opinions. There is a watch and chain on the table. watch and chain 帶鏈的

14、表帶鏈的表2) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后跟有闡明主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)，如用當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后跟有闡明主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)，如用with, as well as, along with, rather than, together with, including, in addition to與與修飾語(yǔ)銜接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)與修飾語(yǔ)銜接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)與主語(yǔ)堅(jiān)持一致。主語(yǔ)堅(jiān)持一致。 e.g. The missing things, as well as the bag, have been found and returned to the owner.3) 由由or, either . or ., neither . nor

15、 ., not only . but also .等銜接的名詞或代詞作等銜接的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與臨近的主語(yǔ)相一主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與臨近的主語(yǔ)相一致。致。 e.g. Either his brother or his friends are wrong. Not only the students but also their teacher goes to the exhibition.4. 從句及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)從句及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)1) 名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。但假設(shè)是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的從句單數(shù)。但假設(shè)是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的從句由由

16、and銜接表兩個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用銜接表兩個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。另外，復(fù)數(shù)。另外，what從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由其表示的意義來(lái)決議。動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由其表示的意義來(lái)決議。e.g. Whether we go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. What caused the snow slide and how many tourists are injured are still unknown. What you want is a big bag. You need not get any more stamps. Wha

17、t we have are quite sufficient.2) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing方式短語(yǔ)或不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)方式短語(yǔ)或不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。 e.g. Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確方式填空。用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確方式填空。1. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43. _ (be) often acceptable.2021新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷II 2. Confucius believed knives would remind

18、 people of killings and69. _ (be) too violent for use at the table. 2021新課標(biāo)新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷IIIiswere3. It is important to remember that success _ a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ years of achieve. 【2021湖南】湖南】 A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; takeAI. 選用選用am, is, are, was, were

19、填空。填空。1. As you can see, the instructions for downloading software from the Internet _ confusing for many people.2. The chief editor together with his editors _ now discussing the new law about newspapers that _ newly published last month.areiswas3. There _ still seventeen people ahead of me in the

20、bank line, which drove me crazy.4. I, who _ your deskmate now, hope we can help each other with our studies.5. It s a good time to buy things, because everything on those shelves _ on sale.wereamis6. Nobody but doctors or nurses _ allowed to enter the patients room now.7. Nowadays, rent and car insu

21、rance _ my biggest expenses each month.8. The manager and designer _ to give some suggestions for the design of the new building tomorrow.isareisII. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確方式填空。用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確方式填空。I used to think there 1. _ (be) few tasks more difficult than picking out birthday presents for my friends. Since my husban

22、d and I dont have much extra money, expensive gifts are out, and the household goods on sale at K-Mart 2. _ (be)not the kinds of presents theyd enjoy getting. wereareBut birthday shopping has become simpler since I decided that everybody really 3. _ (like) toys. Children s catalogs and novelty ( 新穎小巧物品的新穎小巧物品的) shops 4. _ (be) where I do my buying.