現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中職完整版講解課件

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)短暫性動(dòng)詞及時(shí)間段的關(guān)系短暫性動(dòng)詞及時(shí)間段的關(guān)系have been 及及have gone 比較比較及一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較及一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成have (hashave (has）+ + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞present(now)futurepast 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)( present perfect tense)do my homework Mother: John, clean your teeth please.Joh

2、n: Mum, I them.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型：肯定句：肯定句：主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞have/has + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞. 疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)句：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞?否定句否定句: 主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞have/has + not + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞. 例句：例句：1. Has he gone to the library ? 他是去了圖書館嗎？Yes ,he has. 是的，是去那里了。No, he hasnt. 不，他沒(méi)去那里。2. How long has Mrs Smith been in Beijing？Smith夫人來(lái)北京多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？

3、1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果;和副詞already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等連用。. a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示強(qiáng)往往用于肯定句，用在疑問(wèn)句時(shí)表示強(qiáng) 調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣；調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣；yet 用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。 He has already left here. 他已經(jīng)離開這里了。 Has he already left here? 他（真的）已經(jīng)離開這里了嗎？（表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣） My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老師們還沒(méi)有吃早飯。 Have yo

4、u written to your parents yet? 你已經(jīng)給你父母寫過(guò)信了嗎？b). yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法 否定句否定句:句末句末 “還還(沒(méi)沒(méi))”疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句: 句末句末 “己經(jīng)己經(jīng)” Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?c） never 是否定詞，表示是否定詞，表示“從來(lái)沒(méi)有從來(lái)沒(méi)有”，而，而ever 表表示示“曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)” We have never been to the Great Wall. 我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。 Have you ever been to Cana

5、da? 你們?cè)?jīng)去過(guò)加拿大嗎？ d） just表示表示“剛剛剛剛”（用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，及（用于完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，及already，never 等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動(dòng)詞等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動(dòng)詞have/has和動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞之間）和動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞之間） He has just come back. 他剛剛回來(lái)。 They have just finished the work. 他們剛剛完成那項(xiàng)工作。I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for more than ten years. ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了我

6、已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語(yǔ)。多年的英語(yǔ)。(從從10年前開始年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))She has swum since half an hour ago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)(半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開始游泳半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游到現(xiàn)在還在游)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法2.2.表示表示過(guò)去過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始已經(jīng)開始, , 持續(xù)到持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)態(tài). .常及常及since + since + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for + for + 一段時(shí)一段時(shí)間，間，so far so far 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。a).

7、for +Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間b). since +從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí)) 單詞 詞組 (表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.since: (自自以來(lái)以來(lái))1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)

8、since+ 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段+ agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 從句從句She has taught English since he came here. for: (長(zhǎng)達(dá)）長(zhǎng)達(dá)）for+ 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)since , for 的用法總結(jié)的用法總結(jié): Take notes 注1): since 也可單獨(dú)使用, 表示“自那時(shí)起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣.Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I

9、 have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.注2): 對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn) 必須用how long, 決不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago. How long has she stood here?短暫性動(dòng)詞及延續(xù)動(dòng)詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換短暫性短暫性動(dòng)詞及時(shí)間段的關(guān)系動(dòng)詞及時(shí)間段的關(guān)系 短暫性動(dòng)詞在短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中中不能及時(shí)不能及時(shí)

10、間段連用間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：，這些動(dòng)詞是：等。等。為了表述這種意思為了表述這種意思, ,我們常用相應(yīng)的我們常用相應(yīng)的來(lái)代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。來(lái)代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。leave-come/go (to) -arrive (at/in)- get (to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become- be away (from) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at)be (in/at)havekeepbe overbe in/be a/anbe onbe deadbe c

11、losedbe openbe backbe married be 但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以及時(shí)間段連用。以及時(shí)間段連用。如：如：I havenI havent bought the bike for a t bought the bike for a year. year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。我買這輛自行車還不到一年。She hasnShe hasnt come here for an hour. t come here for an hour. 她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一個(gè)小時(shí)。她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一個(gè)小時(shí)。 翻翻 譯譯 練練 習(xí)：習(xí)： 1. 1.我買了這塊手表五年了。

12、我買了這塊手表五年了。 2. 2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。 I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years. this watch for five years. I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five five years/years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago. The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years. for ten years

13、. The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW 3.3.他已經(jīng)回來(lái)三天了。他已經(jīng)回來(lái)三天了。 4. 4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來(lái)這兒了。自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來(lái)這兒了。 5. 5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。 He He has come backhas come back for 3 days. for 3 days. He He has been backhas been back forfor 3

14、days/ 3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago. . He He has come herehas come here since 6 o since 6 oclock.clock. He He has been herehas been here since 6 o since 6 oclock.clock. I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years. hometown for 10 years. I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown f

15、or 10 hometown for 10 years. years.WWW考點(diǎn)1：have been 及have gone 的用法比較 have been to 意思是意思是“到過(guò)，去過(guò)到過(guò)，去過(guò)”，表示表示曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已經(jīng)去了經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。已在那兒了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)呆在某處一段時(shí)間了間了” Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever be

16、en to Nanjing?她曾去過(guò)南京嗎？她曾去過(guò)南京嗎？ You have never been there, have you?You have never been there, have you?你以前從未去過(guò)那兒，是嗎？你以前從未去過(guò)那兒，是嗎？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year. last year.我去過(guò)桂林，我去年去的。我去過(guò)桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing.She has gone to Nanjing. 她

17、已經(jīng)去南京了。她已經(jīng)去南京了。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2：It is +一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 +since從句從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)) =一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間+has passed +since 從句從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)) Eg. It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army. 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3：及一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較A.A.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是說(shuō)過(guò)去的事情，去的事情，; ;而一而一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只般過(guò)去時(shí)，則只講述講述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和事

18、情動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有關(guān)系。 eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過(guò)一本英漢字典。他曾買過(guò)一本英漢字典。第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it

19、he still has it” “過(guò)去他買了一本英漢字典，過(guò)去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” ” 。第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買過(guò)一本英漢字第二句用過(guò)去時(shí)只敘述過(guò)去他買過(guò)一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng) 調(diào)說(shuō)明。調(diào)說(shuō)明。B B當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間的的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過(guò)去時(shí)般過(guò)去時(shí): : eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但但since(since(自自以來(lái)以來(lái))+)+

20、某一過(guò)去時(shí)間或敘某一過(guò)去時(shí)間或敘述過(guò)去事情的從句（從句用一般過(guò)去述過(guò)去事情的從句（從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）時(shí)，主句總是及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。時(shí)）時(shí)，主句總是及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。eg： They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.C C常及一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的典型的常及一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的典型的 表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ): :yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天), the day before yesterday(), the day before yesterd

21、ay(前天前天), ),just now(just now(剛才剛才) )， 時(shí)間時(shí)間+ ago, + ago, last +last +時(shí)間時(shí)間 等等; ; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)總結(jié)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)總結(jié)常及常及already, already, never, never, ever, ever, just, just, yet, yet, before, before, up to now, up to now, so far, so far,

22、for the last few weeksfor the last few weeks these days, these days, since since for a long timefor a long time 連用連用動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 填填 空：空： 1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that Yes, we _(do) that alreadyalready. . When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it We _(do

23、) it an hour agoan hour ago. .2._ he _(see) this film 2._ he _(see) this film yetyet? Yes.? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it He _ it last weeklast week. . 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 3. How many times _you_(be) there? HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododid

24、didHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go

25、) there by air.6. 6. So farSo far, many countries _(develop) , many countries _(develop) their software programs. their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last yearlast year. .8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last yearsince last y

26、ear. .have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas givenhas given選用選用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in th

27、e Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6. Its fi

28、ve years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the Mum is n

29、ot at home now. she _ the shop.shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I donWhere is Peter? I dont

30、know where he t know where he _._.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you. is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been改改 錯(cuò)錯(cuò)1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The

31、 river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2. -_the sports meeting might be

32、 put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been