初中英語主謂一致和就近原則講解及練習(xí)

1、1英語語法主謂一致（就近、就遠(yuǎn)原則）就近原則：也稱鄰近原則”就近一致原則”（Proximity,即：謂語與靠近的名詞、代詞（有時不一定是主語）在“人稱、數(shù)”上一致。在正式文體中：1.由下列詞語連接的并列主語：therebe+句型；or;either；-nor;neithernorwhetheror；notbut;notonlybutalso 等。e.g.1Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行為或言談都與我無關(guān)。2NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都沒錯。3Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你，而是你父親

2、該受責(zé)備。4Notonlyyoubut（also）heiswrong.不僅你錯了，他也錯了。2. 在倒裝句中：謂語可與后面第一個主語一致。e.g.Inthedistaneewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.在遠(yuǎn)處， 能聽見鼓掌聲和人們的呼喊聲。Thereis（are）apenandsomebooksonthedesk.桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書。II.非正式文體中：有時依“就近一致原則”，但也可依“意義一致原則”或嚴(yán)格地依“語法一致原則”。e.g.NeithershenorIwerethere（意義一致）我和他當(dāng)時都不在那兒。（非正

3、式）NeithershenorIwasthere.（就近一致）（譯文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依“就近一致原則”而與其他兩項原則相矛盾時，則常常認(rèn)為是不太合符規(guī)范的。e.g.Nooneexcepthisownsupportersagreewithhim.僅他自己的支持者同意他的意見。（依“就近”和“意義”一致的原則；但語法上，“Noone”才是主語，謂語要改成“agrees”?！皩懽髦小币话阋馈罢Z法一致”原則。英語就近原則短語1.Therebe 句型Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedes

4、k.=NotonlyAnnsparentsbutalsoshestaysathomeeverySunday.22.neither.nor.3.either.or.Neitheryounorheisright.=Neitherhenoryouareright.EithertheyorJimisgoingtoShanghainextSaturday.=EitherJimortheyaregoingtoshanghainextSaturday.4.notonly.butalso.NotonlyAnnbutalsoherparentsstayathomeeverySunday.就遠(yuǎn)原則謂語動詞與前面主

5、語一致代表詞匯：aswellas;(together/along)with；ratherthan；except;besides;but;including；inadditionto；apartfrom例子：HeratherthanIisright.Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.主謂一致單項填空專練主謂一致是歷年中考熱點之一,一般說來,句子的主語和謂語在人稱與數(shù)上應(yīng)保持一致,但在很多情況下存在一些特殊情況,這些特殊情況就是重要考點。本文以往年高考試題為例,對此考點作以歸納。一、當(dāng)主語后面與 with,aswellas,but,except,like,r

6、atherthan,nolessthan,besides,including 等+名詞或代詞連用時,謂語動詞與第一個主語保持一致。1. Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe2. Alibrarywithfivethousandbookstothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered3. E-mail,aswellastelepho

7、nes,animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play4. NobodybutJanethesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown35. Allbutoneherejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were二、當(dāng) either.or.;neither.nor.;notonly.butalso.等連接并列主語時,謂語動詞與靠近它的主語保持一致。6. Eitheryouortheheadmastertheprizestothes

8、egiftedstudentsatthemeeting.A.washandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandout7. NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMarytiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be三、 當(dāng)“theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”,且關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”,且關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,定語從句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。8. Heistheonlyoneof

9、thestudentswhoawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen9. Sheisoneofthefewgirlswhointhekindergarten.A.iswellpaidB.arewellpaidC.ispayingwellD.arepayingwell四、 當(dāng) news,means,maths,plastics,physics 等在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)概念,而在意義上是單數(shù)概念的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。10. Everypossiblemeanstopreventthepollution,but

10、theskyisstillnot=NotonlyAnnsparentsbutalsoshestaysathomeeverySunday.4clear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused五、當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)（百分?jǐn)?shù)）+of+名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于 of 后面名詞的數(shù)。11.ofthelandinthatdistrictcoveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are六、thenumberof.（的數(shù)目）短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式當(dāng) anumberof.（許多）短語作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。12. Thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were七、當(dāng)“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。13. Whenandwheretobuildthenewfact