Exjkgji英語六級仔細閱讀理解逐句翻譯

1、七夕，古今詩人慣詠星月與悲情。吾生雖晚，世態(tài)炎涼卻已看透矣。情也成空，且作“揮手袖底風”罷。是夜，窗外風雨如晦，吾獨坐陋室，聽一曲塵緣，合成詩韻一首，覺放諸古今，亦獨有風韻也。乃書于紙上。畢而臥。凄然入夢。乙酉年七月初七。-嘯之記。 2006年12月一、In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the body's system for reacting to things that can harm us - the so-called fight-or-flight response. "從純生物角度來說，恐懼始于人體系

2、統(tǒng)對會傷害我們的事情的反應-即所謂的“戰(zhàn)斗或逃脫”反應。An animal that can't detect danger can't stay alive," says Joseph LeDoux. Like animals, humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for about potential threats. “不能覺察到危險的動物無法生存”Jeseph LeDoux。像動物一樣，人類進化過程中形成了一個精巧的機制，以處理潛在威脅的信息。At its core is a cluster of neuron

3、s (神經(jīng)元) deep in the brain known as the amygdala (扁桃核).該機制的核心是大腦內(nèi)部的一束被稱為扁桃核的神經(jīng)元。LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives. Ledoux研究了動物和人類對危險的反應方式，以理解我們對于生活中重要事件是如何形成記憶的。The amygdala receives input from many parts

4、 of the brain, including regions responsible for retrieving memories. 扁桃核從大腦的很多部位中接受輸入的信息，包括負責回收記憶的部位。Using this information, the amygdala appraises a situation - I think this charging dog wants to bite me - and triggers a response by radiating nerve signals throughout the body.使用該信息，扁桃核對情景進行分析-我覺得這

5、只充滿攻擊性的狗想咬我-進而通過體內(nèi)神經(jīng)信號的輻射啟動效應。These signals produce the familiar signs of distress: trembling, perspiration and fast-moving feet, just to name three.這些信號產(chǎn)生與危險相似的信號：顫抖、流汗和快步逃跑，這僅是其中的三種反應。This fear mechanism is critical to the survival of all animals, but no one can say for sure whether beasts other t

6、han humans know they're afraid. 恐懼機制對所有動物的生存都是至關重要的，但是沒有人敢肯定地說除了人以外，動物是否感受到了恐懼。That is, as LeDoux says, "if you put that system into a brain that has consciousness, then you get the feeling of fear."正如Ledoux所言：“如果你把該機制放進一個有知覺的大腦中，你就會有恐懼的感覺”Humans, says Edward M. Hallowell, have the abi

7、lity to call up images of bad things that happened in the past and to anticipate future events. Edward M.Hallowell說人類擁有回憶過去發(fā)生的不好事情的圖像和預測未來的能力。Combine these higher thought processes with our hardwired danger-detection systems, and you get a near-universal human phenomenon: worry.把這些高級思維過程與我們固有的危險探測系統(tǒng)

8、結(jié)合在一起，你將會獲得一個幾乎是人類所共有的現(xiàn)象：擔憂。That's not necessarily a bad thing, says Hallowell, "When used properly, worry is an incredible device," he says. Hallowell說，這未必是件壞事。“如果使用恰當，擔憂式中難以置信的設計”他說。After all, a little healthy worrying is okay if it leads to constructive action - like having a doctor

9、 look at that weird spot on your back.畢竟，稍許健康的擔憂是未嘗不可的，如果擔憂可以帶來建設性的行為-如讓醫(yī)生檢查一下你背上奇怪的斑點。Hallowell insists, though, that there's a right way to worry.但是Hallowell堅持認為，擔憂存在著一種正確的模式。 "Never do it alone, get the facts and then make a plan," he says. “永遠不要只是擔憂，要獲取事實，然后指定計劃”他說。Most of us have

10、survived a recession, so we're familiar with the belt-tightening strategies needed to survive a slump.我們中的大多數(shù)都有從衰退中熬過來的精力，所以我們都熟知度過低潮所需要的節(jié)約政策。Unfortunately, few of us have much experience dealing with the threat of terrorism, so it's been difficult to get facts about how we should respond. 不

11、幸的是，我們中僅有少數(shù)人有處理恐怖主義危險的經(jīng)驗，所以要獲取我們應該如何應對的信息變得十分困難。That's why Hallowell believes it was okay for people to indulge some extreme worries last fall by asking doctors for Cipro (抗炭疽菌的藥物) and buying gas masks.這就是為什么Hallowell認為在去年秋天的時候，人們向醫(yī)生獲取抗炭疽菌的藥物和購買防毒面具并由此深陷于某種極度擔憂中的行為是可以理解的。二、Amitai Etzioni is not

12、surprised by the latest headings about scheming corporate crooks (騙子).Amitai Etzioni并沒有對最新的關于行騙團伙的陰謀的報紙標題感到驚奇。As a visiting professor at the Harvard Business School in 1989, he ended his work there disgusted with his students overwhelming lost for money. 作為1989年哈佛大學商學院的訪問學者，他在結(jié)束工作時對于他的學生對金錢的絕大欲望感到厭惡

13、?！癟heyre taught that profit is all that matters,” he says. “Many schools dont even offer ethics (倫理學) courses at all.”“他們被教育金錢就是一切。他說,“很對學校甚至不提供任何倫理學的課程。”Etzioni expressed his frustration about the interests of his graduate students.Etzioni說他對他的研究生們的興趣所在感到沮喪。 “By and large, I clearly had not found a

14、 way to help classes full of MBAs see that there is more to life than money, power, fame and self-interest.” He wrote at the time. Today he still takes the blame for not educating these “business-leaders-to-be.” “I really like I failed them,” he says. “If I was a better teacher maybe I could have re

15、ached them.”“很長時間，很明顯我找不到一個方法讓一個MBA班的學員認識生活不但是金錢，全力，名聲和私立”他那時候?qū)懙馈，F(xiàn)在她仍然自責當初沒有好好教導這群“未來的商業(yè)領袖”“我真的覺得我讓他們失望了”他說：“如果我當初是個更好的老師，或許就能夠影響他們”Etzioni was a respected ethics expert when he arrived at Harvard. 初到哈佛的時候，Etzioni是一位受人尊敬的倫理學專家。He hoped his work at the university would give him insight into how quest

16、ions of morality could be applied to places where self-interest flourished. 他希望他在哈佛的工作可以幫他弄明白如何讓道德問題應用于充滿私立的地方。What he found wasnt encouraging. 他的研究結(jié)果很難讓人興奮。Those would be executives had, says Etzioni, little interest in concepts of ethics and morality in the boardroomand their professor was met wit

17、h blank stares when he urged his students to see business in new and different ways.Etzioni說，那些未來的經(jīng)理們對于董事會里的倫理和道德概念沒有什么興趣-當他嘗試促使他的學生用一種新的，不同的方式看待商業(yè)的時候，教授看到的是空洞的眼神。Etzioni sees the experience at Harvard as an eye-opening one and says theres much about business schools that hed like to change. Etzioni

18、把在哈佛的經(jīng)歷看作開了一次眼界，并稱他覺得商學院需要作出很多改變?！癆 lot of the faculty teaching business are bad news themselves,” Etzioni says. From offering classes that teach students how to legally manipulate contracts, to reinforcing the notion of profit over community interests, Etzioni has seen a lot thats left him shaking

19、his head. “很多教商業(yè)的教職人員本身就是壞消息”Etzioni說。從提供教授學生如何合法操作合同，到強化利潤高于公眾利益的觀念。Etzioni看到了很多讓他搖頭嘆息的事情。And because of what hes seen taught in business schools, hes not surprised by the latest rash of corporate scandals. 由于他目睹了商學院所教授的內(nèi)容，所以在看到公司一連串最新的丑聞時，他一點也不覺得奇怪?！癐n many ways things have got a lot worse at busi

20、ness schools, I suspect,” says Etzioni.“從很多方面來說，我懷疑商學院里的情形變的更糟了”Etzioni說。Etzioni is still teaching the sociology of right and wrong and still calling for ethical business leadership. Etzioni仍然在教授關于是與非的社會學，仍然在奔走號召復合倫理的商業(yè)領導學。“People with poor motives will always exist.” He says. “Sometimes environment

21、s constrain those people and sometimes environments give those people opportunity.” “懷有不良動機的人總會存在”他說?！坝袝r候環(huán)境限制了那些人，有時候環(huán)境給那些人創(chuàng)造了生命”Etzioni says the booming economy of the last decade enabled those individuals with poor motives to get rich before getting in trouble. Etzioni說，最近十年經(jīng)濟的高速發(fā)展讓那些心懷不軌的人在遇上麻煩之前

22、發(fā)了財。His hope now: that the cries for reform will provide more fertile soil for his long-standing messages about business ethics.他現(xiàn)在希望：對改革的呼吁會讓他一直提出的商業(yè)倫理的信息可以得到肥沃的土壤。2007年6月一、Google is a world-famous company, with its headquarters in Mountain View, California. Google(谷歌）是一家享譽世界的公司，其總部位于加州山景區(qū)。It was s

23、et up in a Silicon Valley garage in 1998, and inflated (膨脹) with the Internet bubble.1998年始建于硅谷的一間車房里，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)泡沫的膨脹發(fā)展。 Even when everything around it collapsed the company kept on inflating. 即使當與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)相關的一切開始破裂的時候，它仍然飛速發(fā)展。Googles search engine is so widespread across the world that search became Google, a

24、nd google became a verb. Google的搜索引擎在全球范圍內(nèi)流傳，以至于Google成了搜索的代名詞，而google也成為一個動詞。The world fell in love with the effective, fascinatingly fast technology.世界愛上了這項迷人而快捷的技術。Google owes much of its success to the brilliance of S. Brin and L. Page, but also to a series of fortunate events. It was Page who,

25、at Stanford in 1996, initiated the academic project that eventually became Googles search engine. 1996年，Page在斯坦福大學作一個學術項目，最終成為google的搜索引擎。Brin, who had met Page at a student orientation a year earlier, joined the project early on. Brin在之前的一年的新生介紹會上認識了Page，隨后加入了Google搜索引擎的項目。They were both Ph.D. cand

26、idates when they devised the search engine which was better than the rest and, without any marketing, spread by word of mouth from early adopters to, eventually, your grandmother.當時他們都是博士研究生，但他們設計的搜索引擎要優(yōu)于其他的，而且沒有做任何市場推廣，僅靠交口相傳，就從最初的使用者最終傳到了你祖母的耳中。Their breakthrough, simply put, was that when their s

27、earch engine crawled the Web, it did more than just look for word matches, it also tallied (統(tǒng)計) and ranked a host of other critical factors like how websites link to one another. 簡單來說，他們的突破發(fā)生在搜索引擎在網(wǎng)絡上慢慢傳播的時候，引擎提供的不僅僅是找尋匹配的詞語，還可以根據(jù)一些關鍵指標如網(wǎng)頁如何相連對主頁進行統(tǒng)計和排序。That delivered far better results than anythin

28、g else. 引擎得到的結(jié)果比其他的都好。Brin and Page meant to name their creation Googol (the mathematical term for the number 1 followed by 100 zeroes), but someone misspelled the word so it stuck as Google. Brin和Page用googol(數(shù)學術語，指前面有100個零的數(shù)字）命名他們的作品，但是有人把這個單詞錯拼成了Google。They raised money from prescient (有先見之明的) pro

29、fessors and venture capitalists, and moved off campus to turn Google into business. 他們從有先見之明的教授和風險投資者那里籌集資金，讓google從校園走向商業(yè)化。Perhaps their biggest stroke of luck came early on when they tried to sell their technology to other search engines, but no one met their price, and they built it up on their o

30、wn.或許他們最大的運氣是在早期，那是他們嘗試出售自己的技術給其他引擎公司，但沒有人能夠滿足他們的價位，于是他們決定自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。The next breakthrough came in 2000, when Google figured out how to make money with its invention.第二次突破是在2000年，當時google提出如何利用發(fā)明盈利。 It had lots of users, but almost no one was paying. Google有眾多用戶，但幾乎沒有人付費。The solution turned out to be adve

31、rtising, and its not an exaggeration to say that Google is now essentially an advertising company, given that thats the source of nearly all its revenue. 最終的解決方法是做廣告，毫不夸張的說，Gooogle現(xiàn)在實際上就是一家廣告公司，因為幾乎其所有的收入都是源于廣告。Today it is a giant advertising company, worth $100 billion現(xiàn)在Google是一家巨型廣告公司，其市值達到一千億美元。二

32、、You hear the refrain all the time: the U.S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesnt feel good.你一直重復聽到：美國的經(jīng)濟從數(shù)據(jù)上看很不錯，但實際上并不覺得很好。 Why doesnt ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? 為什么不斷增加的財富卻沒有促進不斷提高的幸福程度呢？It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affl

33、uent(富裕的) Societyby John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.這個問題最早要追溯到1958年富足社會一書的出現(xiàn)，其作者John Kenneth Galbraith最近去世了，享年97歲。The Affluent Society is a modern classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition. 富足社會是一本現(xiàn)代名著，因為書中定義了人類境況的一個新時期。For most of history, “hunger, sicknes

34、s, and cold” threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. 在歷史上的大多數(shù)時期，“饑寒交迫和疾病”幾乎威脅了每一個人。Galbraith寫道：“Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.” “貧窮出現(xiàn)在那個世界的任何角落。但這顯然與我們無關”After World War II, the dread of another Great Depression gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930

35、s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.“二戰(zhàn)”后，對于新的一次大衰退的恐懼讓位于一次經(jīng)濟繁榮。在二十世紀三十年代，失業(yè)率高達18.2%，而在二十世紀五十年代，失業(yè)率為4.5%。To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. 對于Galbraith而言，物質(zhì)主義已經(jīng)瘋狂，并且會滋生不滿。Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy

36、 things they didnt really want or need.公司通過廣告讓消費者購買他們不需要或者不想要的東西。 Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unfulfilling. 如此多的花費是虛假的，所以肯定會有不滿Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctivelyand wronglylabeled government only

37、 as “a necessary evil.”同時，能讓每個人生活得更好的政府開銷卻減少了，因為人們本能地、錯誤地為政府貼上了“必要的惡魔”的標簽。Its often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. 人們常說只有富人在前行，其他人都停留在原地或者落在后面。Well, there are many undeserving richoverpaid chief executives, for instance. 例如，是有很多人不應富有的人Bu

38、t over any meaningful period, most peoples incomes are increasing. 工資過高的首席執(zhí)行官。但是在經(jīng)歷了很多重要時期之后，大多數(shù)人的收入在上升。From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. 從1995年到2004年，針對通貨膨脹進行調(diào)整的普通家庭收入上升了14.3%，達到了43，200美元。People feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes of

39、ten dont satisfy their rising wantsfor bigger homes, more health care, more education, faster Internet connections.人們覺得“被壓榨”，是因為他們增加的收入不能滿足他們上升的欲望-更大的房子，更多醫(yī)療保健，更多教育，更快的網(wǎng)絡連接。The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity. 另外一大沮喪是不安全感并沒有被消除。People regard job stability as part of

40、their standard of living. 人們把工作的穩(wěn)定性看成生活標準的一部分。As corporate layoffs increased, that part has eroded. 隨著公司裁員的增加了，這部分被腐蝕了。More workers fear theyve become “the disposable American,” as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.更過的員工害怕自己會成為“被處理的美國人”，這一說法來自于LouisUchtelle的同名著作。Because so much pr

41、evious suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian (烏托邦式的) possibilities. 因為前面提到的痛苦和社會沖突都來源于貧窮，大范圍富裕的來臨暗示了烏托邦式的可能。Up to a point, affluence succeeds. There is much les physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affl

42、uence also creates new complaints and contradictions.從某種意義來說，富裕成功了。比起以前，身體上的痛苦大大減少。人們比以前更富于了。不幸的是，富足同樣創(chuàng)造了新的抱怨和矛盾。Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. 現(xiàn)金的社會需要經(jīng)濟增長，以滿足市民日益多樣化的需要。But the quest for growth lets loose new anxieties and economic confli

43、cts that disturb the social order.但是對增長的追求卻產(chǎn)生了新的焦慮和經(jīng)濟沖突，擾亂了社會秩序。 Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-fulfillment.富裕解放了個人，承諾每個人可以選擇獨特方式來達成自己的愿望。 But the promise is so extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and sometimes inspires ch

44、oices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown and obesity (肥胖癥).但是承諾是如此的奢侈，以至于注定會有失望，有時還會引起帶來反社會的選擇，包括家庭破裂和肥胖癥。 Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen with incomes.數(shù)據(jù)表明，幸福并沒有隨著收入的增長而增長。Should we be surprised? Not really. Weve simply reaffirmed an old truth: the pur

45、suit of affluence does not always end with happiness.我們是不是應該感到驚訝？不必。我們僅是重新印證了一句老話：對富裕的追求并不會總是以幸福為結(jié)局。2007年12月一、Like most people, Ive long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am.像大多數(shù)人一樣，我早就知道我的職業(yè)將左右別人對我的判斷，我的工作室人們可以

46、用來衡量我的聰明和材質(zhì)的標準。 Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how Im treated as a person.但是最近，我非常失望地發(fā)現(xiàn)工作也決定了別人怎樣對待我。Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. 去年我辭去了小鎮(zhèn)記者的工作，該做了一名侍者。As someone paid to serve food to people. I ha

47、d customers say and do things to me I suspect theyd never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. 在這份為人們提供食物的工作中，我遇到的一些顧客對我說了一些話、做了一些事情，這些話和是我認為他們從來不會向哪怕是他們最熟悉的人去說或做的。One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned (示意) me back with his finger a minute later, complaining

48、 he was ready to order and asking where Id been.有一天晚上，一個正在打電話的男人先是打手勢把我趕走，一分鐘后又用他的手指示我回來，對我抱怨說他正在準備點菜，問我究竟去了哪里。I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon(勤雜工) by plenty of people. 上大學期間，在暑假我就做過侍者，但是就被很多人當勤雜工。But at 19 years old. I believed I deserved inferior treatment

49、 from professional adults.但是那時19歲的我認為那些職場中的成年人對我差一點也理所當然。Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. 此外，當我告訴他們我在讀大學時，我得到的對待又有所不同。Customers would joke that one day Id be sitting at their table, waiting to be served.顧客們開玩笑說，總有一天我會坐在他們的位置上，等候服務。Once I graduated I too

50、k a job at a community newspaper.畢業(yè)之后我在社區(qū)的報社找到一份工作。 From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked-cordially.從工作的第一天開始，其他人就用充滿敬意的語氣稱呼我。我以為這就是職場的方式-親切。I soon found out differently, I sat several feet away from an adve

51、rtising sales representative with a similar name. 我很快發(fā)現(xiàn)并不是這樣。我坐的位置和我的名字相似的廣告部銷售代表只有幾英尺遠。Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. 我們的電話經(jīng)常會被弄混，有人要找克里斯滕會被轉(zhuǎn)到克里斯蒂這里來。The mistake was immediately evident. 這是明顯的錯誤。Perhaps it was because money was in

52、volved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me.或許是包含了金錢的因素，但是人們對克里斯滕的語氣是從來不會用在我身上的。My job title made people treat me with courtesy. 我的共組頭銜讓很多人禮貌地對待我。So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry.所以回到飯店行業(yè)之后我真的很受打擊。Its no secret that theres a lot to put up with when

53、waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. 當侍者忍受很多，這早已不是什么秘密。但幸運的是，當收到小費的時候，大部分的不快都可以輕易忘掉。The service industry, by definition, exists to cater to others needs. 服務業(yè)的定義就是滿足他人的需要。Still, it seemed that many of my customers didnt get the difference betwe

54、en server and servant.但是，我的很多顧客四壺分辨不清侍者和侍從的區(qū)別。Im now applying to graduate school, which means someday Ill return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. 我現(xiàn)在在申請研究生，這就意味著將來有一天我會回到那種職位，那時別人為樂得到他們想要的東西就必須對我禮貌一點。I think Ill take them to dinner first, and see how

55、 they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.我想我會把他們帶去吃頓飯，看一下他們是怎么對待那些專職為他們服務的人的。二、Whats hot for 2007 among the very rich? A S7.3 million diamond ring. A trip to Tanzania to hunt wild animals. Oh. and income inequality.2007年，對于富豪來說什么事最熱門的？價值730萬美元的鉆戒。去坦桑尼亞狩獵。噢，還有收入不均衡。Sure, some leftish billi

56、onaires like George Soros have been railing against income inequality for years.當然左翼百萬符文喬治-索羅斯多年以來一直反對收入不均衡。But increasingly, centrist and right-wing billionaires are starting to worry about income inequality and the fate of the middle class.但是越來越多的中間派和右翼億萬富翁都開始擔心收入不均衡和中產(chǎn)階級的命運了。In December. Mortimer

57、 Zuckerman wrote a column in U.S News & World Report, which he owns. 在12月，莫蒂默-朱克曼在他旗下的美國新聞和世界報道上寫上了一篇專欄文章?！癘ur nations core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating,” lamented (哀嘆) the 117th-richest man in America. “Most of our economic gains have gone to people at the very top of the inc

58、ome ladder. “我們國家的中產(chǎn)階級的核心競爭力正在瓦解，”這位在美國排名第117位的富豪這樣哀嘆?！拔覀兇蟛糠值慕?jīng)濟效益都歸于收入階梯最上層的人了。Average income for a household of people of working age, by contrast, has fallen five years in a row.” He noted that “Tens of millions of Americans live in fear that a major health problem can reduce them to bankruptcy.”相比之下，工薪階層的平均收入?yún)s連續(xù)五年下降?！彼⒁獾健皵?shù)以千萬計的美國人害怕一個重要的健康問題就會導致他們破產(chǎn)?！盬ilbur Ross Jr. has echoed Zuckermans anger over the bitt