初中英語定語從句的用法和精練一

1、(二)語法講解定語從句的用法和精練一、定語從句的概念     在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。     二、定語從句的關系詞     引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞,常見的關系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關系副詞包where, when, why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。     三、

2、定語從句的分類     根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。     四、關系代詞的用法     1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:    Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.

3、瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)     The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)     2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:     The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)     The f

4、ilm (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)     3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:     The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)     Who is the teacher (whom) L

5、i Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)     4whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語，后面要緊跟被修飾的名詞。 There are some people whose faces you can nevr forget. 有些人，他們的臉你永遠難以忘懷。（定語從句修飾先行詞people） I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air. 我看見一些樹的樹葉由于空氣污染而發(fā)黑。（定語從句修飾行詞trees） 注意:(1)

6、當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關系代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構。例如:     This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?    Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。 (2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:   

7、0; This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。     (3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如:     The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。     (4)關系詞只能用that的情況:     a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that

8、,而不用which.例如:     He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。     b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:     Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?  &#

9、160;  c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few no等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:     This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。     d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:     I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw

10、 in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。     e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重復,只能用that.例如:     Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?      (5)關系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:     a.  關系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如:    

11、This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。     b. 引導非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:     Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。     五、關系副詞的用法    引導定語從句的關系副詞有when, where或 why等。分別作狀語，意義上相當于介詞+which結(jié)構，分別代替表示時間、地點或原因的先行詞。Awhen 指時間，在定

12、語從句中作時間狀語。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然記得我第一次來到這所學校的那一天。(when= on which) He came at a time when we needed him most. 他是在我們最需要他的時候來的。(when= at which) We will never forget the year 1949, when th People's Republic of China was founded. 我們永遠忘不了1949年，那是中華人民共和國成立的一年。(w

13、hen= in which)Bwhere 指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。 I recently went back to the town where I was born. 我最近曾回過一次我出生的城市。(where = in which) I would like to live in a country where there is plenty of sunshine. 我想住在一個陽光充足的國家。(where = in which) What's the name of the place where you spent your holiday 你度假的那個地方叫什么名字

14、？(where = at which)Cwhy 指原因，在限制性定語從句中作原因狀語。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 請告訴我你誤機的原因。(why = for which)隨堂練習：（切記規(guī)律?。㊣. 用適當?shù)年P系代詞that, which, who, whom填空。     1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.     2. April 1st is the day _is called Apr

15、il Fools Day in the west.     3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.     4. The house _we live in is very old.     5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now? 6. Is there anything _you dont know?.7 I want

16、to read all the books _were written by Lu Xun ,8.This is the second book _I borrowed from the library.9.He is the only person _I know here.10.Were talking about the people and the school _we have visited in the country.11.Who is the girl _ is wearing a red coat?12.Look at the books on the bookshelf.

17、 You can see the two _ you bought me for my birthday 單項填空( )1.   This is the very house_ we are looking for.  A. that  B. where   C. which    D. whose( )2.  Ive returned 

18、all the books_ I borrowed from the library. A. which   B. them  C. what   D. that( )3.  There isnt much_ I can tell you. A. what  B. which   C. t

19、hat    D. where( )4.  She kept a record of everything_ happened during the meeting. A. when  B. that  C. which  D. what( )5.  Please tell us about the 

20、;persons and the places _ you visited in Shanghai.A. that    B. who   C. which   D. whom( )6.California was the first state _I had visited in the US.A.

21、0;where  B. that   C. which     D. what( )7. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father?     -Yes, hes our headmaster.     A. he B. who C. which D. whom ( )8. Is this the river _I can swim?     A. w

22、hich B. in which C. that D. the one ( )9. This is the best hotel in the city _I know.     A. where B. which C. that D. it  ( )10. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day?     A. that you bought B. you bought it     C. that you bought it D. whic

23、h you bought it  ( ) 11. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.     A. which agrees B. who agree     C. who agrees D. which agree ( )12. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.     A. that B. it C. which who  ( )13. The man _coat is

24、 black is waiting at the gate     A. whos B. whose C. that of which. ( )14. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.     A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was ( ) 15. I love places _the people are really friendly.     A. that B. which C

25、. where D. who ( )16. The world _ is made up of matter.     A. in that we live B. on which we live     C. where we live in D. we live in 定語從句強化練習（一）11.There is no difficulty can't be overcome in the world. A.that B.which C.who D.what 12.Who is the person is standing

26、 at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? A.who B.that C.which D.whom 13.This was the supermarket I bought this kind of tin. A.where B.that C.who D.which 14.The house the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery. A.that B.where C.what D.when 15.This is the last time I shall come here to help you. A.

27、that B.which C.when D.what 16.The house we live is not big. A.in that B.which C.in which D.that 17.My neighburs used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of them. A.who B.that C.which D.whom 18.All glitters is not gold. A.that B.which C. D.what 19.Beijing, is the capital of China,is a

28、 beautiful city.A.that B.it C.which D. 20.That's the hotel last year. A.which we stayed B.at that we stayed C.Where we stayed at D.where we stayed 21.Anyone this opinion may speak out. A.that againsts B.that against C.who is against D.who are against 22.The place you are standing used to be an o

29、ld church. A.which B.where C.that D.when 首字母填空Man has a big brain. He can think and s  _    languages. Scientists once thought that man isnt the same as animals b   _   man can think and learn. They know now that dogs, monkeys and birds can learn, too.

30、60;   They are beginning to u   _    that men are different from animals because they can speak. Animals cant speak. They make much n    _   when they are afraid, or unhappy. Apes(猿) can learn some things more quickly than man. On

31、e or two of them have learned a few words. But they cannot join words to make s  _  . They cannot think l   _   us because they have no language. Language is a wonderful thing. Man has been a   _   to build a modern world because he has lan

32、guage. Every child can speak his own language very w  _   when he is four or five, b   _    no animals learn to speak.    How do children learn it? Scientists dont really know w   _    happens inside our b

33、ody when we speak. They only know that man can speak because he has a brain. 閱讀理解The two boys，each 17 years old，were on a small boat trip(旅行)They had left Minneapolis weeks beforeNow they had gone as far as Norway House，on Lake Winnipeg(See the map)They wanted to get to York FactoryBut it was 4

34、50 miles away! And there was only one village between Norway House and it That night，the boys could hardly sleepOver andover, each asked himself，“What can I say to my family if we turn back? But isnt it foolish for us togo alone into such a place? What if we get lost? Should we turn back or not?" The next morning，the boys talked with two policemen “We dont like to see you boys start out on this trip，”said one of the men seriously “Its dangerous，"said the other“Why dont you boys go home now?” “Weve thought it over，"said Eric“We cant stop half-way nowShall we go on，Wa