初中英語語法全解

1、初中英語語法歸納總結(jié)規(guī)則般情況在詞尾加-s例詞map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches dish-dishes變-f和-fe為v再加以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves,kni fe-k ni ves,loaf-loaves, wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs以輔音字

2、母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y 為i加-es以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)?有名詞以y結(jié)尾的，加-sparty-parties, family-families, story-stories city-citiestoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays Hen ry-He nrys以輔音字6母加-o結(jié)尾的 名詞般加-eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外來詞加-spia no-pia nos,photo-photos, auto-autoskilo-kilos, solo-

3、solos名詞I.名詞的種類:專有名詞普通名詞國名.地名.人名，團體.機構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞II.名詞的數(shù)：1.規(guī)則名詞的復數(shù)形式： 名詞的復數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es。現(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則 列表如下：兩者皆可以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-s以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-szero-zeros/zeroes, volca no-volca no es/ volca nos radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoostruth-truths, mouth-mouths, mon th-m onths path-path

4、s,2.不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)：英語里有些名詞的復數(shù)形式是 不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下:規(guī)則例詞e,li,*改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形 式man-men, woma n-wome n, foot-feet, goose-gees mouse-mice2?單復數(shù)相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species yua n, jin,33只有復數(shù)形式ashes, trousers, clothes, tha nks, goods, glasses compasses, contents4一些集體名詞總是用作復數(shù)people, police, cattle,

5、staff£部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整 體）也可以作復數(shù)（成員）audierce, class, family, crowd, couple, group committee, goverrmert, populatior, crew, team public, er emy, party復數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs（海 關(guān)）,forces（軍 隊）,times（時 代） spirits（情緒）,drirks（飲料）,sards沙灘）,papers文件 報紙）,manners禮貌）,looks（外表）,brairs（頭腦智力）, greers 青菜），rui rs（廢墟）表

6、示 “某 國人”加-sAmerica rs, Australia rs, Germa rs, Greeks Swedes, Europea rs單復數(shù)同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chir ese, Japa rese以-mar或-womar結(jié)尾的 改為-me r,-wome rEr glishme r, Frer chwome r合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)sor s-i r-law, lookers-or, passers-by,story-tellers boy frie rds無主體名詞時將最后一部 分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)grow r-ups, housewives, stopwatch

7、es將兩部分變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)wome r sir gers, mer serva rtsIII.名詞的所有格:名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加構(gòu)成，二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后單數(shù)名詞在末尾加sthe boy s father, Jack s bookjrheaw6rs photo,復數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother,不規(guī)則復數(shù)名詞后 加sthe childrer s toys, womer s rights,以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加或者Dickers rovels, Charle

8、s s job, the Smiths表示各自的所有關(guān)系時，各名詞末 尾均須加sJapar ard America problems, Jare srd Mary' bikes表示共有的所有關(guān)系時在最后一 詞末加sJapar ard America s problems, Jare ard Mary表示"某人家""店鋪"，所有格 后名詞省略the doctor s, the barber s, the tailor shouses's fath（,my un cle者多表示無生命的東西。1'所有格的構(gòu)成:1表示時間today s

9、rewspaper, five weeks holiday2表示自然現(xiàn)象the earth s atmosphere, the tree s brar ches3表示國家城市等地方 的名詞the country s pla r, the world s populatio r, China4表示工作群體the ship s crew, majority thesteOmw, s victory5表示度量衡及價值a mile s jourrey, five dollars worth of apples6與人類活動有特殊關(guān) 系的名詞the life s time, the play s plot

10、2.'所有格的用法:'s ir7某些固定詞組s eia bird ' s eye view, a stone ' s throw, at one 不知所wit 措）3. of所有格的用法：用于無生命的東西： the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長定語時：the classrooms of the first-yearstude nts用于名詞化的詞：the struggle of the oppressed二冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, arj）,定冠詞（the）,和零冠詞。 I.不定

11、冠詞的用法：指一類人或事，相當于a kind ofA pla ne is a machi ne that can fly.2!第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is wait ing for you.3>表示 每一 相當于 every, oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示 相同 相當于the sameWe are n early of an age.5.用于人名前，表示不認識此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you whe n you were out That boy is rather a Lei

12、Feng.6i用于固定詞組中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7,用于 quite, rather, many, half,what, such 之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so（as, too, how）+形容詞之 后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II.定冠詞的用法:1表示某一類人或物The horse is a useful ani mal.2用于世上獨一無二的事物名詞前

13、the uni verse, the moon, the Pacific Ocea n3表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過 的人或事Would you mind ope ning the door?4用于樂器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人the reach, the liv ing, the woun ded6表示一家人”或失婦”the Gree ns, the Wangs7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高 級前He is the taller of the two childre n.8用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川 群島的

14、名詞前the Un ited States, the Com mun ist Party of China, the French9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前The compass was inven ted in China.10在逢十的復數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀的某 個年代in the 1990' s11用于表示單位的名詞前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表 示時間的詞組前He patted me on the shoulder.III.零冠詞的用法:專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名 地名等名詞前Beijing Universi

15、ty, Jack, China, love, air2名詞前有 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等 限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐、八刖March, Sun day, Natio nal Day, spri ng4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前Lin col n was made Preside nt of America.5學科，語言，球類，棋類名詞刖He likes play ing football/chess.6)與by連用表示

16、交通工具的名詞前by train, by air, by land了以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時husband and wife, knife and fork, day and n ight8表示泛指的復數(shù)名詞前Horses are useful ani mals.三代詞：I.代詞可以分為以下七大類:1人 稱代 詞主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物 主代 詞形容詞性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性mine, yours, hi

17、s, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves yourselves, themselves4指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, some5疑問代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6)關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代詞one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/

18、 much, few little/ a few/ a little,other/ ano ther, all/ both, n either/ eitherII.不定代詞用法注意點：1. one, some與 any:1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復數(shù)為ones some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句。One should lear n to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I don ' t have any bookmarks.I have some questi ons to ask.2) some可用于

19、疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復，或者表示建議，請求等。Would you like some banan as? Could you give me some mon ey?3) some和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，some表示某個，any表示任何一個。I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和數(shù)詞連用表示 大約” any可與比較級連用表示程度。There are some 3,000 stude nts in this school. Do you feel

20、any better today?2. each和 every:each強調(diào)個別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個或兩個以上，而every強調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個或三個以上。Each stude nt has a pocket dict ion ary. / Each (of us) has a dicti on ary. / We each have a dicti on ary.Every stude nt has stro ng and weak poi nts. / Every one of us has stro ng and weak poi nts.3. none和 no：no等于not

21、any,作定語。none作主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單 數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復數(shù)皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the stude nts are (is) afraid of difficulties.4. other和 another:1) other泛指 另外的，別的”常與其他詞連用，如:the other day, every other week, some other reas on, no other way,the othe

22、r特指兩者中的另外一個，復數(shù)為 the others如：He held a book in one hand and his no tes in the other.Two stude nts in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.2) an other指又一個，另一個”無所指，復數(shù)形式是others,泛指別的人或 事”如：I don ' t like this shirt, please show me another (one).The trousers are too long, please give m

23、e ano ther pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.5. all 和 both, neither和 eitherall表示不可數(shù)名詞時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 both和all加否定詞表示部分 否定，全部否定用 neither和none.All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in En glish.Both of us are not teachers. / Not bot

24、h of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.四形容詞和副詞I.形容詞：1.形容詞的位置：1)形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況后置：1修飾 some, any, every, no和 body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞時nobody absent, everything possible<2以-able, -ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最 高級或only修飾的名詞之后the best book available, the only soluti on possible3alive, alike, awake, a

25、ware, asleep 等可以the only pers on awake后置4和空間、時間、單位連用時a bridge 50 meters long5成對的形容詞可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容詞短語一般后置a man difficult to get on with2）多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序:代詞數(shù)詞性狀形容詞冠詞 前的 形容冠詞指示代詞 不定代詞 代詞所有格序數(shù)詞基數(shù) 詞性質(zhì) 狀態(tài)大小 長短 形狀新舊 溫度顏色國籍 產(chǎn)地材料 質(zhì)地名 詞all both suchtheathis ano ther yoursec on d n ext

26、one fourbeautiful good poorlarge short squarenew coolblack yellowChineseLondonsilk stone3）復合形容詞的構(gòu)成:二形容詞+名詞+edkin d-hearted6名詞+形容 詞world-famous2形容詞+形 容詞dark-blue7名詞+現(xiàn)在 分詞peace-lo ving3形容詞+現(xiàn) 在分詞ordin ary-look ing8名詞+過去 分詞sno w-covered副詞+現(xiàn)在 分詞hard-work ing9數(shù)詞+名詞+edthree-egged5副詞+過去 分詞n ewly-built10數(shù)詞+名

27、詞twen ty-yearII.副詞副詞的分類:時間副 詞soon, now, early, fin ally, on ce, rece ntly5頻度副 詞always, ofte n, freque ntly, seldom, n ever2地點副 詞here, n earby, outside, upwards, above6疑問副 詞how, where, whe n, why3方式副詞hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7連接副 詞how, when, where, why, whether, however, mea nwhile4

28、程度副詞almost, n early, very, fairly, quite, rather8關(guān)系副 詞whe n, where, whyIII.形容詞和副詞比較等級：形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為原級，比較級和最高級。比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est，多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more和most。1. 同級比較時常常用 asas以及 not so(as) as如：I am not so good a player as you are.2. 可以修飾比較級的詞有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still

29、, yet,by far, any, a great dead3. 表示一方隨另一方變化時用“the morethe more句型。女口： The harderyou work, the more progress you will make.4. 用比較級來表達最高級的意思。女口： I have never spent a more worrying day.5. 表示倍數(shù)的比較級有如下幾種句型：Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school

30、 is four times the size of yours.6. 表示最高程度 的形容詞沒有最高級和比較級。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect五介詞I.介詞分類:簡單介詞about, across, after, aga in st, among, around, at, below, bey ond, duri ng, in, on2合成介詞in side, in to, on to, out of, outside, throughout, upon withi n, without3短語介詞accordi ng to, because

31、of, i nstead of, up to, due to, owing to, tha nks to4雙重介詞from among, from behind, from under, till after, in betwee n5分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介詞con sideri ng(就而論)，in clud ing6形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的 介詞like, unlike, near, next, oppositeII.常用介詞區(qū)別:1表示時間的in, on, atat表示片刻的時間，in表示一段的時間，on總 是與日子有關(guān)2表示時間的 si nee fromsince指從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間，和完成時連 用

32、，from指從時間的某一點開始3表示時間的in, afterin指在一段時間之后，after表示某一具體時間點 之后或用在過去時的一段時間中4表示地理位置的in,on, toin表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在 某環(huán)境范圍之外5表示在上”的on,non只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一 部分6表示“穿過”的through, acrossthrough表示從內(nèi)部通過，與 in 有關(guān)，across表 示在表面上通過，與on有關(guān)7表示關(guān)于”的 aboutonabout指涉及到，on指專門論述8between 與 among 的between表示在兩者之間，among用于二者或二區(qū)別者

33、以上的中間9besides與 except的區(qū)別besides指除了還有再加上” except指 除了， 減去什么”，不放在句首10表示用”的in, withwith表示具體的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法， 度量，單位，語言，聲音11as與like的區(qū)別as意為 作為，以地位或身份，like為 象 一樣”指情形相似12in與into區(qū)另廿in通常表示位置（靜態(tài)），into表示動向，不表 示目的地或位置六.動詞I. 動詞的時態(tài)：1. 動詞的時態(tài)一共有16種，以ask為例，將其各種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式列表如下：現(xiàn)在時過去時將來時過去將來時般ask / asksaskedshall/will asksh

34、ould/would ask進行am/is/areaski ngwas/wereaskingshall/will be aski ngshould/would be aski ng完成have/has askedhad askedshall/will have askedshould/wouldhave asked宀完 成進行have/has bee n ask inghad been askingshall/will have bee n ask ingshould/would have bee n ask ing2.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別:1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況

35、，但和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，強調(diào)的是對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，它不能同表示過去的時間狀語連用，漢譯英時可加已經(jīng)”等詞。簡言之，利用過去，說明現(xiàn)在。如：I have already read the no vel writte n by the world-famous writer.已經(jīng)看過，且 了解這本書的內(nèi)容）2）一般過去時只表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，它可和表示過去的時間狀語連用，漢譯英時可加過” 了”等詞。簡言之，僅談過去，不關(guān)現(xiàn)在。如：I read the novel last mo nth.只說明上個月看了，不涉及現(xiàn)在是否記住 ）I lived in Beijing for ten

36、years.（只說明在北京住過十年，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）3. 現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別：兩者都可以表示從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”，在含義上如著重表示動作的 結(jié)果時，多用現(xiàn)在完成時，如著重表示動作一直在進行，即動作的延續(xù)性時，則 多用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。一般不能用于進行時的動詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時。I have read that book我 讀過那本書了。I have bee n reading that book all the morni ng.我早上一直在讀那本書。4. 般將來時的表達方式：將來時用法例句will/shall+ 動 詞原形表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存 在的狀態(tài)My sister

37、 will be ten n ext year.2be going to+ 動詞原形含有打算，計劃，即將” 做某事，或表示很有可能要發(fā) 生某事It ' s going to clear we regoing to have a party toni ght.3be + doing 進行時表示將來go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等詞可用進行時表 示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作He is moving to the south.Are they leaving for Europe?4be about to +動詞原形表示安排或計劃中的馬上 就要發(fā)生的動作，

38、后面一般不 跟時間狀語I was about to leave whe n the bell rang.The meet ing is about to close.5be to +動詞原形表示按計劃進行或征求對 方意見We reto meet at the school gate at noon.6一般現(xiàn)在時表示 將來時刻表上或日程安排上早 就疋好的事情，可用般現(xiàn)在 時表示將來The meeti ng starts at five o ' clock.The plane leaves at ten this eve ning.II.動詞的被動語態(tài):常用被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成常用被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成一般

39、現(xiàn) 在時am/is/are asked6過去進行 時was/werebeingasked2一般過 去時was/were asked7現(xiàn)在完成 時have/hasbeenasked3一般將 來時shall/will be asked8過去完成 時had bee n asked4過去將 來時should/wouldbeasked9將來完成 時will/wouldhavebee n asked現(xiàn)在進 行時am/is/arebeingasked10含有情態(tài) 動詞的can/must/may be asked、，、八注意 事項被動語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后加not,短語動詞的被動態(tài)不可漏掉其

40、中介副詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)begoi ng to, used to, have to, had better變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)時，只需將其后的動詞 變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)。女口：Trees should not be pla nted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates.Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：It is believed that It is gen erally con sidered that It iss

41、aid that It is well known that It must be pointed out that It issupposed that It is reported that- It must be admitted thatIt is hopedthat 下面主動形式常表示被動意義：如：The window wants/needs/requires repairing.The book is worthread ing twice.The door won ' t shut. / The play won' tThcfe clothes washes we

42、l/ The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.下面詞或短語沒有被動態(tài)：leave, en ter, reach, become, ben efit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fa l have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agr with, keep up with, con sist of, have on, 1 ose hea

43、r等等七情態(tài)動詞I情態(tài)動詞基本用法:情態(tài)動詞n用法否定式疑問式與簡答can能力（體力，智力，技 能）can not / cannot /can ' t d(oCan do ？ Yes,can.No,can' t.could允許或許可（口語中常 用）可能性（表猜測，用于 否定句或疑冋句中）couldn ' t domay可以（問句中表示請 求）可能，或許（表推測）祝愿（用于倒裝句中）may not doMay do?Yes,may.No,mustn' t/cant.mightmight not doMight do?Yes,mightNo,might not.mu

44、st必須，應該（表主觀要 求）冃疋，想必（冃疋句中 表推測）must not/mustn ' t doMust do ?Yes,must.No,needn' t/don t have to.have to只好，不得不（客觀的 必須，有時態(tài)人稱變化）don' tnave to doDo- - havetodo？Yes,do. No, don' t.ought to應當（表示義務責任，口語中多用shouldoughtnotto/oughtn ' t to d(Ought to do ？ Yes, ought.No, - oughtn ' t.shal

45、l將要，會shallShall do？用于一三人稱征求對 方意見用于一三人稱表示許 諾、叩令、警告、威脅等not/shan ' t doYes,shall. No shan' t.should應當，應該（表義務責 任）本該（含有責備意味）shouldnot/shouldn ' t dShould do？owill意愿，決心 請求，建議，用在冋句中would比較委婉will not/won dot Will do？Yes,will.Nowon t.wouldwould not/wouldn ' t dodare敢（常用于否定句和疑 問句中）dare not/dar

46、en ' t doDare do ？ Yes,dare. No,daren ' t.n eed需要必須（常用于否定句和 疑問句中）n eed not/needn ' t doNeed do ？Yes,must. No,needn' t.used to過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不 再）usednot/usedn ' t/user to dodidn ' use to doUsedto do ？ 'Yes,used. No u£e(d)n ' t.Did use to do - Yes,did. No, didn ' t.II

47、. 情態(tài)動詞 must, may, might, could, can表示推測：以must為例。must + do（be）是推測現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)進行；must + be doing 推測可能正在進行的事情；must +have do ne是推測可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情。1. must肯定，一定”語氣強，只用于肯定句中。He must be a man from America. / He must be talk ing with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.2. may和might也許”后者語氣弱，更沒有把握。可用于肯定句和

48、否定句。He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task.3. can和could可能” could表示可疑的可能性，不及can'語氣強，用于肯 定、否定、疑問句中。The weather in that city could be cold now.We could have walked there; it was so near.（推測某事本來可能發(fā)生，但實際 上沒有發(fā)生）Can he be in the office now? No, he can ' t be there, for I saw h

49、im in the library just n ow.（語氣很強，常用于疑問句和否定句中）III. 情態(tài)動詞注意點：1. can和be able to:都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表達 某事終于成功” 而can無法表達此意。Be able to有更多的時態(tài)。另外，兩者不能重疊使用。2. used to和would: used to表示過去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習慣，而 would只表示過去的習慣或喜好，不涉及現(xiàn)在。3. need和dare作情態(tài)動詞和實義動詞的區(qū)別： 兩者作情態(tài)動詞時常用于否定句和疑問句。其形式為：needn' t/daren do；Need/dare

50、do？做實義動詞時可用于肯定句，否定句和疑問句。其形式為：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, don' t(doesn ' t/didn ' t) need/dare to do八非謂語動詞I非謂語動詞的分類、意義及構(gòu)成:非謂語形 式構(gòu)成特征和作用時態(tài)和語態(tài)否定式復合結(jié)構(gòu)不定 式to do to be doing tohavedonetobedoneto have been done在 非謂語 前加notfor sb. to do sth.具有名詞，副詞和 形容詞的作用在句中做主、賓、 定、表和狀語分 詞現(xiàn) 在分 詞d

51、oing hav ing donebeing done having been doneg具有副詞和形容詞的作 用在句中做疋、表、兵補 和狀語過 去分 詞done動名 詞doing hav ing donebeing done having been donegsb' doing3具有名詞的作用在句中做主、賓、定和 表語II.做賓語的非謂語動詞比較:情況常用動詞只接不定式 做賓語的動詞hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide prete nd, man age, agree, afford, determ ine,

52、 promise, happe n只接動名詞 做賓語的動詞或 短語mind, miss, enjoy, imag ine, practise, suggest, fini sh, escape excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, con sidercan' h elp, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get dow n to, be en gaged in, in sist on, think of, be proud

53、 of, take pride n, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote on eself to, be worth, be busy, pay atte nti on to, stick to兩 者都 可以意義基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue (接不定式多指 具體的動作，接動名詞多指一般或習慣行為)need, want, require (接動名詞主動形式表示被動意義，右 接不定式則應用被動形式)意義相反stop to do停止手中事

54、，去做另一件事stop doi ng停止正在做的事remember/forget/regret to do （指 動作尚未發(fā)生）remember/forget/regret doin g （指 動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）go on to do （接著做 另外一件事）go on doing （接著做 同一件事）意義不try to do （設(shè)法，努力去做，盡mean to do （打算做，同力）企圖做）try doing （試試去做，看有何結(jié)mean doing （意識果）是，意味著）can' t help to d（不能幫忙做） 要做）can' t help doin（忍不住III.非謂語動詞做賓語補足語的區(qū)別:常見動詞與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系 及時間概念例句不定式ask, b