考研英語長難句解析

1、長難句：1. The words used by the speaker may stir up 激起； 煽動(dòng)； 攪拌； 喚起 unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere vi.干涉； 妨礙； 打擾 vt. 沖突； 介入 withhis comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：本句有分號(hào)分為兩部分，其中第一部分的主干是The words. may stir upunfavorable reactions., which 弓I

2、導(dǎo)的 定 語從句 which interfere with his comprehension 修飾reactions.（ 這點(diǎn)很重要，注意理解）過去分詞 used by the speaker 作 words的后置定語，介詞詞組in the listener 作reactions 的后置定語參考譯文：說話者使用的詞可能會(huì)引起聽話者不愉快的反應(yīng)，這種反應(yīng)干擾聽話者的理解， 因此，二者之間的傳輸-接受系統(tǒng)就中斷了interfere with 干擾，干涉；妨礙；觸動(dòng)或弄壞；亂動(dòng)；與抵觸長難句：The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood, a

3、s if their immunesystems-the self-protecting mechanism against diseases-had crashed.結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，逗號(hào)前為主句，后面的 as if引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語從句，使用 虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反；破折號(hào)之間的部分the self-protecting mechanism againstdiseases 作破折號(hào)前的 immune systems的同位語。核心詞匯：develop 患（?。╠evelop還有別的意思，總結(jié)下吧 ）mechanism 機(jī)制參考譯文：老鼠的血液出現(xiàn)了細(xì)菌感染（學(xué)習(xí)這句話的翻譯技巧，

4、develop的翻譯），好像它們的免疫系統(tǒng)-對(duì)抗疾病的自我保護(hù)機(jī)制-已經(jīng)垮掉了。長難句： They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：本句是由 and連接的并列句，其中第一部分的主干為They are different, 后面的 in that their elements are arranged differently為狀語， 修飾 different

5、. 注意：inthat后面常引導(dǎo)從句，與in that 一起作狀語。核心詞匯：in that 體現(xiàn)于，因?yàn)閟pecific 具體的，特定的element 元素，因素參考譯文：它們之前的不同之處在于各自元素的排列不同，而且每種維生素在人體內(nèi)承擔(dān)一 種或一種以上的具體功能。長難句： The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive while avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens imposed by employment rules, hea

6、lthcare costs and pension plans.結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：本句的主干是The phenomenon provides a way,后面的 for companies to remainglobally competitive 修飾 a way,作定語。 while 之后的現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)avoiding marketcycles and the growing burdens.作狀語，其中 avoiding 的邏輯主語是前面的companies （ 考慮下）avoiding 帶兩個(gè)賓語，一個(gè)是 market cycles, 另一個(gè)是 the growing burdens., 而過

7、去分詞結(jié)構(gòu) imposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans 又作 the growing burdens的定語。核心、詞?匚：phenomenon®象impose 強(qiáng)加,征稅 globally 在全球，就全球而言 pension 養(yǎng)老金，年金 market cycle 市場周期 學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)：1. avoding 的邏輯主語是什么?2.請(qǐng)翻譯這句長難句參考譯文：這一現(xiàn)象給公司提供了一種方式，使它們既能夠保才e全球競爭力，又能避免市場周期與就業(yè)法規(guī)、醫(yī)療成本和養(yǎng)老金方案等造成的不斷加重的負(fù)擔(dān)。長難句：Speci

8、alists in history and economics, have shown two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was marked by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.結(jié)構(gòu)剖析： 本句的主干是 Specialists in history and economics,

9、 have shown two things, 冒號(hào)后面的部分為兩個(gè) that分別引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)從句，它們是 的同位語，對(duì)其進(jìn)行具 體說明。核心詞匯：be marked by 特點(diǎn)是，以.為特點(diǎn)worsen 惡化industrialization 工業(yè)化 populace 民眾，百姓；全體居民本期任務(wù)：1. that引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)從句是 的同位語？參考譯文：歷史和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的專家指出了兩點(diǎn)：一是 1650至1750之間的時(shí)期確實(shí)是非常貧 困，二是工業(yè)化肯定并未惡化、而是可能實(shí)際改善了大多數(shù)人的生活條件。長難句：He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed

10、 for sowing, as an insurance against the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he mustsell in order to replace old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to feed the soil.結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：本句的主干在冒號(hào)前 ：He must use this surplus in three ways,冒號(hào)之后的部分包含三個(gè)as引導(dǎo)的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語，其中第三個(gè)as結(jié)

11、構(gòu)的核心部分是 as a commodity., 后面的 which引導(dǎo)的定語從句 which he must sell. 修飾commodity,其中介詞結(jié)構(gòu)in order to.作定語從句的狀語.核心詞匯：surplus 剩余，過剩；a.過剩的，剩余的replace 替換 sow 播種 implement 工具；v.執(zhí)行 insurance 保障，保險(xiǎn) fertilizer 肥料， 化肥unpredictable 無法預(yù)測的feed 提供（養(yǎng)料等）commodity 商品參考譯文：他必須以下列三種方式使用這些余糧：留作種子，留作保障以對(duì)付惡劣天氣可能造成的無法預(yù)測的影響，并留作必須出售的

12、商品以替換就農(nóng)具和購買化肥給土壤提供養(yǎng)料。長難句：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial beg

13、ins.結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：本句的主干是 ,其中the Lord Chancellor 為主語的同位語，說明主語 的身份，that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，修飾a draft bill,而這一定語從句的位于部分是由and連接的兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成，其中第二部分 will strictly control the amount of publicity中的賓語 amount of publicity后面帶有 that 弓I導(dǎo)的定語從句that can be given to a casebefore a trial begins.核心詞匯：tighten 加緊，收緊draft 草案；草稿press新聞界bill 法案；賬

14、單introduce 提出，引進(jìn)；介紹 publicity 公開宣傳，曝光本期任務(wù)：1.本句的主干是什么？2.翻譯本長難句本句的主干是：Lord Irvine. will introduce a draft bill.參考譯文：為了大大加緊對(duì)新聞界的法律控制，大法官歐文勛爵將提出一項(xiàng)法律草案，其中將建議規(guī)定向證人付費(fèi)屬于違法行為，并將嚴(yán)格控制媒體在案件審理之前對(duì)案件的曝光程度。長難句： Publication of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a storm of media protest when he said th

15、e interpretation of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges rather than to Parliament.結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，開始是主干 Publication of the letter came., two days after Lord Irvine caused a storm of media protest.為狀語， 修飾主句的謂語 came;后面的when引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句 when he said.,修飾前面從句中的謂語部分cause

16、d astorm of media protest, 其中 said 后面是一個(gè)賓語從句： 主語是 the interpretation of privacy controls,過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu) contained in European legislaion 作 privacy controls的定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句which were contained in European legislation; 謂語是 would beleft to jugdes rather than to Parliament核心詞匯：publication 發(fā)表，出版privacy 隱私a storm of m

17、edia protest暴風(fēng)雨般的媒體抗議legislation 立法 protest 抗議be left to被交給，留給本期任務(wù)：翻譯本長難句參考譯文：歐文勛爵說對(duì)于歐洲立法中包含的隱私控制的解釋權(quán)將交給法官而不是議會(huì)時(shí)（注意rather than的翻譯）引起了媒體的一片抗議。兩天后，這封信便發(fā)表了。長難句： As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the wake

18、 of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical.結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：本句開始是as引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)狀語從句，后面的主句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句：it was not until the 19th century that.,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是 not until the 19th century; 在 that 引導(dǎo)的從句中，主干為 the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium,現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，修飾從句的主干。本句的難點(diǎn)是三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)： not until （ 直到.才）in

19、 the wake of （在.之后）in the company of （ 伴隨、陪伴） 核心詞匯：dominant主要的、占主導(dǎo)地位的in the company of 伴隨、陪伴 in the wake of 在. 之后 periodical 期刊 pamphlet 宣傳冊參考譯文：正如前面所討論的，直到19世紀(jì)，報(bào)紙才繼宣傳冊和書籍之后，伴隨著期刊的出現(xiàn)，成為電子媒體出現(xiàn)之前的主要媒體。長難句：It was during the same time that the communications revolution speeded up, beginning with transpo

20、rt, the railway and leading on through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures into the 20 th-century world of the motor car and the airplane.結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：本句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句It was during the same time that.,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是 duringthe same time; that 弓I導(dǎo)的從句中， 主干是 the communications revolution speeded up, 現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)

21、構(gòu) beginning with. and leading on through. into （從.開始，接著是., 直到.） 作狀語，說明通信革命的發(fā)展過程。核心詞匯：communications 通信lead on 繼續(xù)發(fā)展 speed up 加快，加速2.用 begin with. lead on through. into.造句參考譯文：就在這段時(shí)期，通信革命加快了步伐，從運(yùn)輸-鐵路開始，接著是電報(bào)、電話、無線電和電影，直到 20世紀(jì)出現(xiàn)汽車和飛機(jī)的世界。It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the

22、computer in the 20th century, followed by the invention of integrated circuit during the 1960 s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediatelyapparent.是形式主結(jié)構(gòu)剖析： 本句的主干是It is generally recognized, however, that., it語，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句是真正的主語，其中the20th century. radically

23、changed the process 定語， 修飾前面的 introduction of the computer, invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960 s,introduction of the computer in the earlymedia was not immediately apparent,是狀語從句,是主句，過去分詞 followed by. 作 相當(dāng)于 which was followed by the而 although its impact on the表不'讓步關(guān)系。核心詞匯：radica

24、lly根本地；激進(jìn)地impact影響，沖擊參考譯文：然而，人們一般認(rèn)識(shí)到20世紀(jì)初計(jì)算機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，接著是60年代集成電路的發(fā)明，從根本上改變了這個(gè)過程，盡管其對(duì)傳媒的影響還未立即顯現(xiàn)出來。長難句： The communications revolution has influenced both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been controversial views about its economic, political, social and

25、cultural implications.結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，由 but分為兩部分，其中but之前的部分結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜：主 語是 The communications revolution, 謂語是 has influenced,賓語包含兩部分，一個(gè)是名詞詞組 both work and leisure; 個(gè)是從句 how we think and feel both about place and time.核心詞匯：leisure 休閑，閑暇implication 影響；暗示 controversial 有爭議的 參考譯文：通信革命影響了我們的工作和休閑，也影響了我們對(duì)時(shí)空的思考方

26、式和感覺。但 是對(duì)這一革命在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、社會(huì)和文化方面的影響，人們還有爭議。長難句：Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of newintellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious andneed the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing accomplishments are admired by others.結(jié)構(gòu)

27、剖析：本句開始是表示原因的從句Because they are adjusting to.,teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence.; confidence 后是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾confidence; that是定語從句的主語，that their后面是主句之a(chǎn)chieving success and knowing that.是謂語部分，其中 knowing后面的賓語從句 that their accomplishments are admired by others, 核心詞匯：adjust

28、 to 適應(yīng)self-conscious ( 有)自我意識(shí)的作 knowingcomes from that引導(dǎo)一個(gè) 的賓語。a (whole) host of 大量，眾多 confidence 自信 intellectual智力的，知識(shí)的 accomplishment 成績，成就參考譯文：因?yàn)檫@些青少年正在適應(yīng)他們變化的身體和大量新的智力和情感方面的挑戰(zhàn)，他們的自我意識(shí)特別強(qiáng)烈，需要自信-這種自信來自取得成功，來自知道自己的成績受人羨慕.長難句： However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so muchcomp

29、etition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.結(jié)構(gòu)剖析： 本句的主干是 the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with

30、 so much competition that.,核心結(jié)構(gòu)是 so. that.; 在 that 引導(dǎo)的從句中，主干是 it would bewise to plan activities, 后面的 in which there are more winners than losers是個(gè)定語從句，修飾先行詞activities,而句末的三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)publishing newsletterswith manystudent-written book reviews, displaying student artwork 和 sponsoring book discussion c

31、lubs 是對(duì)前面 activities的具體說明，其中 publishing newsletters 后面的介詞結(jié)構(gòu) with many student-written book reviews 作 newsletters 的定語。核心詞匯：newsletter 刊物；內(nèi)部通訊 artwork 藝術(shù)品review 評(píng)論；復(fù)習(xí) sponsor 發(fā)起；贊助參考譯文：然而，典型的青少年生活方式中已經(jīng)充滿了如此多競爭，以至于策劃一些活動(dòng)， 在活動(dòng)中讓勝者多敗者少是明智的，例如：出版學(xué)生刊物時(shí)多發(fā)表一些學(xué)生寫的書評(píng)，展示 學(xué)生創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)品，發(fā)起讀書討論俱樂部。1. Many theories conc

32、erning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committedby young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributinginfluence. 2. Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage incriminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previ

33、ous misdeedsor that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others.3.Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes inresponse to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle - class values.結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：本段話有三個(gè)長難句，我分別標(biāo)識(shí)

34、成1, 2, 3.第1個(gè)長難句是35期內(nèi)容。第2個(gè)長難句的主干是 Theories. suggest that. or that.,主語是Theories,后面的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)centering on the individual作主語的定語； 謂語是suggest,帶有兩個(gè)賓語從句，都由that引導(dǎo)；其中第一個(gè)賓語從句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，包含一個(gè)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。第3個(gè)長難句的主語是 Theories ,現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu) focusing on the role of society作主語的定語，謂語是suggest ,帶有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 that children commit c

35、rimes ., 后面的兩個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomicstatus 與 as a rejection of middle-class values作前面 commit crimes 的狀語， 表示青少年犯罪的原因。as的意思是"作為"。核心詞匯:center oncriminalpenalize集中于previous 以前的engage in 從事misdeed錯(cuò)誤行為，不端行為犯罪的；n.罪犯interaction相互影響，相互作用；交往懲罰 comnllt crun

36、ein response to 作為對(duì)failure 不能；失敗 rejection參考譯文：許多有關(guān)青少年犯罪犯罪rise above 超越的反應(yīng)status 地位；身份排斥，拒絕（年輕人所犯的罪行）原因的理論或是從個(gè)人方面，或是從社會(huì)方面去追根溯源。從個(gè)人方面尋找原因的理論表明，青少年犯罪是因?yàn)閷?duì)他們以前做錯(cuò)的 事懲罰不夠，或是他們與別人相互影響，從而學(xué)會(huì)了犯罪行為。從社會(huì)作用方面尋找原因的 理論表明，青少年犯罪是對(duì)他們不能提升自己的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位所做出的一種反應(yīng)，或是對(duì)中 產(chǎn)階級(jí)價(jià)值觀念的一種排斥。長難句：1. The American economic system is organiz

37、ed around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determinewhat shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,

38、coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：1.本句是個(gè)復(fù)合句， 主干為 The American economic system is organized arounda . economy ,其中 economy后面的 w

39、hich 弓I導(dǎo)個(gè)定語從句in which consumers largelydetermine , 修飾 economy ; 這個(gè)定語從句的主語是consumers , 謂語是 determine , 后面的賓語從句 what shall be produced > determine 的賓語； what shall be produced 后 面的分詞結(jié)構(gòu) by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most作狀語，說明消費(fèi)者決定應(yīng)該生產(chǎn)什么產(chǎn)品的方式；句

40、末的定語從句that they want most修飾 goods and services。注意：本句的意思圍繞主干中的表語economy展開，所以閱讀時(shí)要先抓主干，再理枝葉，層層分析，直到完全理解。3. 本句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，主干是 It is . that .,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分有三個(gè)：the demand ofindividual consumers, the desire of businessmen to maximize profits 和 the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes ,其中 coupled with 和 and

41、起連接作用。在 that 引導(dǎo)的部分中，determine 作謂語，后面的兩個(gè)從句 what shall be produced和how resources are used to produce it者B是 determine 的賓語。核心詞匯：organized around 以 為中心；圍繞* * . 而組織orient 以 為方向； 為 定位largely 主要地 private-enterprise私人企業(yè)的marketplace 市場 market-oriented以市場為導(dǎo)向的coupled with力口上；與 相結(jié)合maximize 使 最大化desire 欲望resource

42、 資源；應(yīng)付辦法add to增加，添加，補(bǔ)充 add up to 合計(jì)，總計(jì)參考譯文：1.美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系是圍繞一個(gè)以私有企業(yè)和市場導(dǎo)向?yàn)橹黧w的經(jīng)濟(jì)組織的。在這 一體系中，消費(fèi)者主要通過在市場上花錢購買那些他們最想要的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)來決定廠家應(yīng)該 生產(chǎn)什么樣的東西。2.因此，在美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中，個(gè)體消費(fèi)者的需求，加上商人追求利潤最大化的欲望和消費(fèi) 者個(gè)人對(duì)收入最大化的欲望，一起決定了廠家應(yīng)該生產(chǎn)什么和如何利用資源來進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。長難句： 1. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodityresults in reducingits cost,

43、this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.2. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including th

44、e right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：1.本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，開始是if引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)條件從句，主語是動(dòng)名詞短語producing more of a commodity , 謂語是 results in , 賓語是 reducing its cost ; 主 句的主干是 this will tend to increase the supply ., supply 后面的分詞結(jié)構(gòu) offeredby seller-prod

45、ucers 后置作supply的定語，而句末的 which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限定性定語從句， 其中which指的是它前面的整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。2.本句的主干為 The concept embraces not only . but also .,其中 but also certainrights 后面的部分 including the right to deternune the price of a product or to make a free contract with an other private individual修飾 certain rights , 補(bǔ)充說明其范圍。核心詞匯：com

46、modity 商品lower 降彳氐result in 導(dǎo)致 property 財(cái)產(chǎn)；性質(zhì)ownership 所有（權(quán)）,所有制 embrace 包括；接受；擁抱 productive resources 生產(chǎn)資料 ahead of time 提前 all at once 突然，同時(shí)，一起參考譯文：1.另一方面，如果大量生產(chǎn)某種商品使其成本降低，這就會(huì)使銷售一生產(chǎn)商提供 的供給增加，從而使價(jià)格下降，并使更多的消費(fèi)者能夠購買該產(chǎn)品。2.參考譯文：在美國經(jīng)濟(jì)中，私有財(cái)產(chǎn)這一概念不僅包含生產(chǎn)資料的所有權(quán)，還包含某些權(quán) 力，比如產(chǎn)品價(jià)格的決定權(quán)，以及和其他個(gè)人自由簽訂合同的權(quán)利。長難句： 1. Tha

47、t concept implies educational opportunity for all children-the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great.2. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to

48、those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.結(jié)構(gòu)剖析：1.本句的主干在破折號(hào)之前，破折號(hào)之后的部分解釋前面的educationalopportunity for all children的具體內(nèi)容，其中 whether引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句使用了虛擬語氣（在虛擬語氣中用be是美國英語的用法）。to the limits of的意思是"達(dá)到 的極限"。2.本句的主干是schools are modifying their programs, 現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)adapting .to ., to .（ 使 適應(yīng)

49、 ）作狀語，其中又包含兩個(gè)定語從句：who areexceptional （修飾 children） 和 who cannot profit substantially from regular programs （修飾 those ，指 children）,而第二個(gè)定語從句前的 to those 是 adapting instruction tothose的省略。核心詞匯：imply 暗示to the limilts of one 's capacity達(dá)到自已潛能的極限in response 作為反應(yīng) profit from 從.獲益 modify 改變 substantially

50、 ,真正地，實(shí)質(zhì)地 adapt. to 使 適應(yīng)and then而且，其次，于是，然后 and yet 可是，然而anything but 除.以為任何事（物），根本不參考譯文：1.這一概念暗示所有兒童都應(yīng)享有教育機(jī)會(huì)-每個(gè)兒童，無論自身能力大小，都有權(quán)在盡其所能的學(xué)習(xí)中接受幫助。2.作為反應(yīng)，學(xué)校正在改變課程安排，使學(xué)校授課能夠適應(yīng)異常兒童的需要，能夠適應(yīng)那些 無法從正常課程中實(shí)際獲益的兒童的需要。1. There is one point I feel I ought to touch on.有一點(diǎn)我覺得應(yīng)該在此提及。2. If its message were confined mere

51、ly to information-and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句的主干是破折號(hào)之外的部分，破折號(hào)之間的部分是補(bǔ)充說明，閱讀時(shí)可以先跳過去。注意：本句使用了虛擬語氣，得出的結(jié)論是廣告

52、會(huì)很乏味，這說明條件部分的假設(shè)-廣告只限于提供信息這一點(diǎn)不能成立。作者的態(tài)度一般與虛擬語氣中的表達(dá)相反，那么由此 可見作者認(rèn)為廣告不能只是提供信息，還應(yīng)該勸說消費(fèi)者。參考譯文：假如廣告只限于提供信息-這一點(diǎn)本身也很難做到， 假如不是完全做不到的話， 因 為即使是一件襯衫的顏色的選擇這樣一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)也隱含著勸說的意味-它就會(huì)變得之分枯燥，沒有人關(guān)注了。注意：be confined to 局限于subtly微妙地，巧妙地1. As family move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their exten

53、ded family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，開始是 as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，后面是主句，包含兩個(gè)以and鏈接的分句，第一個(gè)分句是informal flow of infomation iscut off,第二個(gè)分句是 with it the confiden

54、ce that infomation will be available whenneeded and will be trustworthy and reliable,其中 confidence 后面是 that 弓I導(dǎo)的同位語從句。形式上這第二個(gè)分句只是一個(gè)名詞性詞組，但可以看成一個(gè)省略句，省略了 cut off（如果完整，應(yīng)該是 the confidence that infomation will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable is cut off with it）。注意：with it中的i

55、t指的是前一個(gè)分句 the informal flow of infomation 整個(gè)句子；with it是句子中的狀語，應(yīng)該放在句末，這里之所以要將它提前，是為了避免頭重腳輕。參考譯文：隨著家庭搬離他們原來穩(wěn)定的社區(qū)、多年的朋友和大家庭，非正式的信息流通就 被切斷了，隨著而去的是認(rèn)為信息在需要時(shí)就能獲得并且可信可靠的信心。 核心詞匯：extended family 大家庭，擴(kuò)大的家庭（與祖父母、已婚子女共居的數(shù)代同堂家庭）cut off 切斷trustworthy值得信賴，值得信任2. Coupled with the growing quantity of information is

56、the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個(gè)倒裝句，主語和表語互換了位置，主 語the development oftechnologies, 系動(dòng)詞是 is ,表語是 coupled with the growing quantity of information 。 后面的which引導(dǎo)的定語從

57、句修飾technologies ,其中又有一個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)，比較的一方是現(xiàn)在，另方是 has ever been possible before, 比較的內(nèi)容是 information 、 speed 和 location等方面，表達(dá)的意思是“現(xiàn)在信息的數(shù)量和信息能夠達(dá)到的地點(diǎn)比以前要多，而傳輸?shù)乃俣缺纫郧耙?，這些都是因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。”參考譯文：與信息量的不斷增長相伴隨的是技術(shù)的發(fā)展，這些技術(shù)使人們可以比過去存儲(chǔ)更 多的信息，以更快的速度向更多的地方發(fā)送更多的信息。coupled with 加上；與 相結(jié)合1. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience,and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares"and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manne