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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高考英語語法重點歸納一、名詞【知識精講】名詞是表示人,事物,地點或抽象概念的名稱的詞。 專有名詞表示某個(些)人,地方,機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱,如Beijing,China等普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個體名詞表示某類人或東西中的個體,如:gun集體名詞表示若干個個體組成的集合體,如:family不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示無法分為個體的實物,如:air抽象名詞表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念,如:work一、 名詞的數(shù) 在熟悉可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則的基礎(chǔ)上,突出以下幾點: 1. 以s結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞(多為學(xué)科名詞), 如: physics, linguistics, mathema
2、tics, politics, statistics, news , the United States 2. 抽象名詞表示具體或特定的事例時也可作可數(shù)名詞,單數(shù)前面應(yīng)有不定冠詞。如:(1) pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意為“.的人 / 物”。如:The meeting is a success.(2) worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等不可數(shù)名詞,指“
3、一種”、“一場”及“多種”、“多場”時,可以有其單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:There have been strong winds over the last two months.(3) a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of等已形成固定形式。如:He has a good practical knowledge of computer science.3. 表示一類
4、事物的總稱的名詞,不能加-s ,如:machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence 4. 一些名詞單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)不同的意思,如: chicken雞肉 / chickens小雞; fish魚肉 / fishes( fish )各種魚; paper紙 / papers試卷; water水 / waters水域,room空間/ rooms房間 5. 只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,如:glasses (眼鏡),trousers, clothes,scissors等,注意加單位名詞的用法:a p
5、air of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6. 一些名詞形式上雖是單數(shù),但表示的是復(fù)數(shù)含義,如: people , police, cattle, staff, public, the +adj., the + 分詞;(表示一類人) 7. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)含義,如: belongings, surroundings, earnings, savings, shoes, socks, goods, thanks, congratulations, funds, pains, arms, troops 8. 集合名詞看成一個整體時,謂語用單數(shù),若側(cè)重各個成
6、員,則用復(fù)數(shù),如: audience,class,couple,crowd,family,group,government,publicl The average family is a great deal smaller than it used to be. l My family are going with me. 9. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞,如: fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, crossroads, series, works, li(里), yuan(元), mu(畝)等l How many
7、deer are there in Dafeng now? 10. 合成名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時,通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),如果沒有主體名詞,則將最后一個部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),如:sons-in-law, passers-by, story-tellers, breakfasts, housewives11. 不規(guī)則名詞的“數(shù)”,如:woman -women, child-children, ox -oxen, tooth -teeth, goose -geese, foot -feet, mouse -mice, phenomenon-phenomena, analysis-analyses, 12
8、 .專有名詞的“數(shù)”,如: 史密斯一家人 the Smiths 兩個瑪麗 two Marys 13. 非名詞類詞匯的“數(shù)”,如:縮寫,數(shù)字,字母的復(fù)數(shù)常用加s的方法來構(gòu)成 three as; two buts; in ones twenties; in the 1980s(1980s) l Nothing is in good order but at sixes and sevens. 亂七八糟 l You mightnt as well use so many ands in your conversation. 14. 注意以下名詞為不可數(shù)名詞:advice, baggage, chan
9、ge(零錢), equipment, furniture, fun ,hair, homework, information, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic.二、 名詞所有格 英語中有些名詞可以加"'s"來表示所有關(guān)系,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格, 1. 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加"'s",復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加"'s",如:the boy's bag 男孩的書包,men's room 男廁所。 2. 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ,只加"
10、; ' ",如:the workers' struggle工人的斗爭。 3. 復(fù)合名詞和短語的所有格在最后的詞后面加's, 如: her brother-in-law's bike, someone else's keys a day or two's rest 4. 如果兩個名詞并列,并且分別有's,則表示"分別有";只有一個's,則表示'共有'。 John's and Mary's rooms(兩間)John and Mary's room(一間) 5. 在
11、表示店鋪或教堂,診所的名字或某人的家時,名詞所有格的后面常省略它所修飾的名詞,如:在診所at the doctors 在我姐家at my sister's 6. 雙重所有格,of +名詞's 結(jié)構(gòu)表示全體中的一部分,如:a friend of my father's , works of Lu Xun's 注意:當(dāng)of 之前的名詞是picture, portrait等詞時含義不同 l This is a picture of my friend's. 這是我朋友收藏的一幅畫 l This is a picture of my friend. 這是我朋友的
12、一張照片 三. 名詞作定語 1. 一般用單數(shù)形式,如: a stone bridge, a meeting room, morning exercises, a shoe shop2. 個別名詞用復(fù)數(shù)作定語,sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等,如: sports meeting 運動會 students reading-room 學(xué)生閱覽室 a goods train 貨車 talks table 談判桌 the foreign languages department 外語系customs house海關(guān)3. man, woman, g
13、entleman等作定語時,其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如: a woman teacher, men workers, women teachers, gentlemen officials 4. 數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時,這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。如: two-dozen eggs兩打雞蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹 a five-year plan.一個五年計劃二、冠 詞【知識精講】一、不定冠詞(a/an) 1. 泛指某一類人或事物,相當(dāng)于any。A square has four sides.2. 用于某些物質(zhì)名詞前。 a
14、coffee 一杯咖啡; a tea 一杯茶;a heavy rain 一場大雨; a strong wind 一種強(qiáng)烈的信念 3. 用于專有名詞前表示某一個。a Mr. Green ; 一位格林先生a Mary; a Shakespeare of China 中國的莎士比亞 4. 用于某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。 once upon a time , have a rest , take a bath , in a hurry , all of a sudden , as a matter of fact , Its a pity that . 5. 用于雙重修飾結(jié)構(gòu)中:so / as / that /
15、 too / how + adj. + a / an + n. 。He is so good a teacher that all of us like him6. 冠詞放在quite, many, such, what等詞之后。It is such an unusual work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it7. 用在事物的“單位”前,如價格、速度、比率的名詞前,表示“每一”。Take this medicine three times a day.8. 用于同源賓語中:die a death ; dream a dream
16、; fight a fight ; sleep a sleep; live/lead a life; smile a smile 二、定冠詞(the) 1. 特指某人或物,用于區(qū)別同類中的其他人或事物。如:Is this the book you are looking for?2. 特指世界上獨一無二的事物或自然現(xiàn)象。但space表示“太空”,nature表示“大自然”,均不能與冠詞連用;但具體的天體前通常加定冠詞。如:the stars,the moon,the sun,the universe等。3. 雙方都知道或者在文中第二次提及的人或事物。We are living a happy
17、life. The life we are living is happy. 4. 用于表示方位的名詞前。the east, the left, the south5. 用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級之前,以及對兩人或事物進(jìn)行對比時起特定作用的比較級前。the tallestboyHe is the taller of the two brothers.6. in + the + 數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)式。如:in the early 1920s 7. the + 比較級 + , the + 比較級 + :; 越; 就越 。如: The harder you study English, the more pr
18、ogress you will make.8. the +姓氏復(fù)數(shù):如the Greens, 格林一家 9. the + adj.; the + 分詞。如:the rich 富人; the living 生者; the sick 病人; the unemployed 失業(yè)者; the ugly 丑的東西10.by the + 單位名詞。如by the hour,按小時計 11.v. + sb. + prep. + the +人體各部位。如: A stone hit John on the head. 12.play + the + 樂器名稱。如:play the piano.彈鋼琴. 13.用
19、在慣用語中。例如: in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country) in the dark,in the rain,in the distance, in the middle (of),in the end, on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre三、零冠詞:1. 零冠詞的基本用法:一般性的泛指,甚至表抽象意
20、義。 2. 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞,表示泛指; 如:Horses are useful animals. (思考: A horse is useful. / The horse is a useful animal) 3. 稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前不用冠詞; l We made him president of USA. l Whos this, Mother? 4. 球類運動、棋類運動和“三餐”前不用冠詞; 如:Have you had supper? 5. 表示季節(jié)、月份,星期或含day表節(jié)日的名詞前不用冠詞; 如:March, Christmas, Womens Day (但
21、是:the Spring Festival ) 6. 前面已經(jīng)有人稱代詞、指示代詞或不定代詞作定語的名詞前不用冠詞; 如:his book; that cat; any people 7. 在交通工具、學(xué)科名稱的名詞前不加冠詞。如:by car, by bus, by bike, by train, on foot ,Chinese, English literature8. 某些習(xí)語,固定短語或固定結(jié)構(gòu)中不用冠詞。 l husband and wife, knife and fork, face to face, side by side l to church, at home, at n
22、ight, at school, go to school, in hospital, at table l Child as he is, he knows a lot of English. l At last, she turned doctor. (但是:She became a doctor.) 三、代詞代詞是用來指代人或事物的詞。代詞分為九類:人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞疑問代詞、不定代詞、連接代詞、關(guān)系代詞。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的作用。連接代詞和關(guān)系代詞本章不做將講解,參見其它章節(jié)。一人稱代詞人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格,如下表所示。數(shù)格人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主
23、格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hesheithimherittheythem(1).人稱代詞作主語用主格,作賓語、表語用賓格,但應(yīng)注意以下4中情況:作主語的人稱代詞如果孤立地使用于無謂語動詞的句子中,或在這種句子中與動詞不定式連用,常用賓格。Does any of you know where Tom lives? Me.What! Me (to)play him at chess? No!句子中代詞作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語時,與所替代的名詞在人稱、數(shù)和格在意義上一般要保持前后一致。The thief was thought to be he.(the thie
24、f是主格,故用he代替)They took me to be her.他們誤以為我是她。(me是賓格,故用her替代)在比較級的句子中than、as后用主格、賓格都可以。如:He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有區(qū)別。I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.(2).兩個以上的人稱代詞并列,其次序排列原則為:在并列主語中,“I”總是放在最后,排列順序為:二 三 一(人稱)。賓格me也
25、一樣。You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.第三人稱,男女兩性并用,男先女后。He and she still dont agree to the plan.(3)幾個人稱代詞的特殊用法。we/you(口語)常用來泛指一般人。she可以代表國家、船只、大地、月亮等。The “Titanic”was the largest, wasnt she?二.物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性類別人稱數(shù)形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞單數(shù)第一人稱mymine第二人稱youryours第三人稱hishisherhersi
26、tsits復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱ourours第二人稱youryours第三人稱theirtheirs.形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞,可在句中作定語。例如:用作主語、賓語和表語。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主語) I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (作賓語)三.反身代詞反身代詞可以作主語、賓語、表語或賓語的同位語。反身代詞和某些動詞連用,構(gòu)成固定短語。enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home
27、, help oneself to 反身代詞還可用于某些成語中。for oneself為自己或獨立地,of oneself自然地,自動地by oneself獨自地,in oneself本身性質(zhì)。四.相互代詞(each other, one another)相互代詞無人稱、數(shù)和格的區(qū)別,在句中作賓語。其所有格分別為each others 、one anothers ,作定語。一般來說,each other指兩者之間,one another指三者或三者以上之間,但現(xiàn)在區(qū)分已不明顯。五.指示代詞(this, that , these, those, such, same)指示代詞具有形容詞和代詞兩種
28、詞性,在句子中可以作主語、賓語、定語或表語等。.指示代詞this和that的區(qū)別。this (these)一般指時間或空間上較近的人或物;that(those)常指時間或空間較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。 This is my desk and that is yours. In those days they could not go to school.this常指后面要講到的事物,有啟下的作用;that則指前面講到過的事物,有承上的作用。 I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon. He hu
29、rt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.this在電話用語中作自我介紹,that詢問對方;this和that可以當(dāng)副詞用,意思相當(dāng)于副詞so。 You have changed that much.such和same的用法。such指“這樣的”人或事,在句中作主語或定語。 Such was the story. We have never seen such a tall building.same指“同樣的”人或事,其前面要用定冠詞the,在句中作主語、表語、賓語和定語. The same can be said of the other
30、article.另一篇文章也是同樣的情況。(主語) Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.他是否能做這事,對我來說都一樣。(表語)六.疑問代詞(who,whom,which,what,whose).疑問代詞在句中作主語、賓語、定語和表語。who was her husband? (主語)What do you want? (作賓語).which與who、whatwhich表示在一定范圍內(nèi),而who、what則無此限制。 I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?.注意下列疑問詞的
31、使用與漢語的差別。Population ? 人口是多少?Distance? 距離是多少?Price? 價格是多少?Address? 住在哪里?Attitude? 態(tài)度怎樣?Whats the七 .不定代詞不定代詞主要有:all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。還有由some、any、no和every構(gòu)成合成代詞,不定代詞具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì),并有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分,在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、同位語、定語、狀語等,但every、no只能作定語。下面介
32、紹幾組主要不定代詞的用法與區(qū)別。.some與any一般用法:some、any可與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞連用。some一般用于肯定句,any多用于疑問句、否定句或條件句。 He has some Chinese paintings.(定語) Some like sports,while others like music.(主語) Ask me if you have any questions.(定語) I dont know any of the students.(賓語)特殊用法:any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。 Any child can do that.(定語) You m
33、ay take any of them.(賓語)some用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示“某一”。 Smith went to some place in England.(定語)在期待對方回答yes 時,some用在表示請求或邀請的問句中。 Would you like some bananas?(邀請) Mum,could you give me some money?(請求)some 用于否定句表示部分否定。 I dont know some of the students.(賓語)some和any在句中還可作狀語,作副詞。some意為“大約”相當(dāng)于“about”,而any可修飾比較級,常用于否定
34、句或疑問句中,表示程度,意為“稍,絲毫”。如: There are some 300 workers on strike. Do you feel any better today?.one,both,allone作主語、賓語、表語或定語,可以指人或物,表示“一個”的意思,其復(fù)數(shù)為ones,指人時,其所有格是ones,反身代詞是oneself. One should try ones best to serve the people.(主語、定語) This is not the one I want.(表語)both用作主語、賓語、定語和同位語,可以指人或指物,表示“兩者都”的意思。 Thi
35、s maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定語) Both of the boys are here.(主語) We both are students.(同位語)注意:a.both用于否定句,表示部分否定;表示完全否定時,用neither。如:Both of us are not teachers.我們倆并不都是教師。 Neither of us is a teacher. 我們倆都不是教師。b.both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后,而應(yīng)放在它們的前面。如:Both my parents like this film
36、.Both the /these boys are tall.all用作主語、表語、賓語、定語、同位語,指“全部的”、“整個的”,可與可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用,除少數(shù)情況外,一般不與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用,與名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用時,表示“所有的”、“全部的”,指三個或三個以上的人或物。 All the schools are flooded.所有的學(xué)校都被淹了。 I told him all about it. 我把一切都告訴了他。 Thats all for today.今天就在這兒。 They have all been to Xian.他們都去過西安。注意:all 用于否定句,表示部分否定,完全否定用no
37、ne。如: Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants dont go out for food.)并不是所有的螞蟻都出去尋找食物。 None of the money is mine.這錢一分也不是我的。.none和nothing,no oneno one單獨使用,只指人,沒有限定的范圍,不能與of連用,常用來回答who的提問;Nothing單獨使用,用于指物,沒有限定的范圍,不能與of連用,常用來回答what的提問;None強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量,既可以指人又可以指物,有限定的范圍,能與of連用,常用來回答how much、how many的提問。
38、當(dāng)上下文中含有“many,much,some,any”等表數(shù)量概念的詞時常用none。 None of us will belive in such a person.我們沒有人會相信這樣一個人。 He has many friends,but none can really help him when he is in trouble.他有很多朋友,但是當(dāng)他處于困境中的時候,沒有一個朋友能真正幫助他。 -Who told you the news?誰告訴你這消息的? -No one.I read it on the newspaper.沒有人告訴我。我在報紙上讀的。.each和everyea
39、ch(各個),指兩個或兩個以上的人或物,側(cè)重個體,在句中作主語、賓語、定語和同位語。every(每個),指三個或三個以上的人或物,側(cè)重整體,在句中只能作定語。另外,every可用于 every other (或every +數(shù)詞 ) + 名詞 的結(jié)構(gòu)中,表示"每隔"之意思:every other day 每隔一天 every three years 每隔三年every third year 每隔三年 every other line 每隔一行every ten miles每隔十哩 Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定語
40、,強(qiáng)調(diào)班上“所有的人”) Each student in our class has a dictionary.(定語,強(qiáng)調(diào)各個個體) Each of them has been there.(主語) The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.(賓語) We each got a ticket.(同位語).either和neithereither是“兩者中任何一個”的意思,可修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,neither是“兩者中沒有一個”的意思,可以修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,它們可在句在作主語、賓語或定語。如: Here are two
41、pens. You may take either of them.(賓語) Neither boy knows French.(定語) The little girl can write with either hand. 小姑娘哪只手寫字都行。(作定語) Would you prefer tea or coffee,sir? 先生,你喝茶還是咖啡? Oh,I dont mind. Either will do. 噢,無所謂。隨便哪一種都行。(作主語) You can come on Saturday or Sunday. Either day is OK for me. 你可以星期六來也可
42、以星期天來。對我來說哪一天都可以。(作定語) 注意:either也作副詞,其意為“也”,用于否定句的句末。He doesnlike tea, and I dont either.either與or構(gòu)成連詞,意為“不是就是”或“要么要么”。He is either Japanese or Chinese. neither用作副詞,意為“也不”,即“noteither”。He cant do it, neither can I.neither可與nor構(gòu)成連詞,意為“既不也不”。Neither he nor you are a student.other和another, the others 和
43、othersthe other單獨使用,表示“兩者中的另一個”;也可用于“the other + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,表特指,意為“其余(他)的”;the others表示“其他的人或物”?!皁thers及other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”表泛指,意為“其他的(別的)人或物”。這些詞語在句中可作主語、賓語和定語。如: He got two books; one is a textbook, the other is a novel. Five of the pencils are red, and the others(the other pens)are yellow. Some are sin
44、ging, while others are dancing.another修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,意為“(三個或三個以上的)另一個”,不能指兩者中的另一個,在句中可作賓語和定語。 This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(賓語) Please give me another book.(定語)注意:another可跟基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,意為“再,又”。如:Please give me another ten minutes. one another(a second) a thirdthe other意為“一個一個一個一個”用于三者或三者以上
45、單數(shù)的排列。someothersothers,意為“一些一些一些”。替代詞的用法代詞it與替代詞one,ones,the ones,that,those的用法區(qū)別:.it指代前面提到過的同一事物。.one替代單數(shù)名詞,表示同類異物,泛指;其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。.the one替代前面的單數(shù)名詞,表示特指,等于不定冠詞+名詞。其后往往帶定語;the ones為其復(fù)數(shù)形式。.that既可以替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,也可以替代不可數(shù)名詞,也指代同類異物,但表特指,等于限定詞+名詞。若替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時,相當(dāng)于the one,其后往往帶后置定語。.those替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于the ones。 Your s
46、tory is interesting ,but I dont like it.I havent got a computer. I want to buy one next year.The population in China is much larger than that in Japan.The conditions are like those in the real spaceship.There is only one watch of this type in the shop. so I want to buy it for her.it用法 一、it 作人稱代
47、詞的用法. 指事物作為人稱代詞,it 可以除人以外的一切事物或動物。如: I dropped my watch and it broke. Its hard work, but I enjoy it. “Where is the dog?” “Its in the bedroom. ”. 指人it 指人主要用于指性別不明的嬰兒或用于確認(rèn)某人的身份。如: Is it a boy or a girl? There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman.【說明】在答語中,常用來指本人,如說 Its me。. 代替某些代詞代詞 it 還可用于代替
48、指示代詞this, that 以及復(fù)合不定代詞 something, anything, nothing等。如: “Whats this?” “Its a new machine. ” Nothing is wrong, is it? 二、it 作非人稱代詞的用法. 基本用法it 作非人稱代詞的用法,主要用于指時間、距離、價值、天氣、氣候及溫度等自然現(xiàn)象。如: Its too late to go there now. It rained all day yesterday. It can get very hot here. . 用于某些句型 Its time for sth. 該
49、做某事了。 Its time to do sth. 該做某事的時候了。 Its time for sb to do sth. 某人該干某事了。 Its (about / high) time + that-從句. 某人該做某事了。(謂語用過去式,有時也用“should+動詞原形”) It was (about / high) time + that-從句.(從句謂語動詞用過去完成式) Its the first (second) time + that-從句. 某人第幾次干某事。(謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時) It was the first (second) time + that-從句.(謂語用現(xiàn)在
50、完成時)Its + 時間段 + since-. 自從有一段時間了。Its + 時間段 + before-. 過多長的時間才三、it用作形式主語. 基本用法當(dāng)不定式、動名詞、等復(fù)雜成分用作句子主語時,為保持句子平衡,通常把真正的主語放在句末,而在句首使用形式主語it。如: Its very important to remember this. 記住這一點很重要。 Its hard work climbing mountains. 爬山是費勁的事。 Its unknown when he will come. 他什么時候來還不知道。. 用作形式主語的的重要句型 It + be + adj. fo
51、r (of) sb to do sth 某人做某事 It is hard for him to make up his mind. 他很難下定決心。 It was foolish of her to say such a thing. 她說那樣的話,真是太蠢了。【說明】介詞 of 與 for 的區(qū)別是:of 用于指某人的性格、屬性、特征等,介詞for表示對象,意為“對來說”.It takes sb + 時間段 + to do sth. 某人做某事花了時間 It takes years to master a new language. 要花多年的時間才能掌握一門新的語言。【說明】此句型可以有以
52、下多變種變體:It took me an hour to write the letter. =The letter took me an hour (to write). =I took an hour to write the letter. 我寫這封信花了一個小時。 .It is up to sb to do sth. 該由某人做某事 .it looks(seems, appears, happens, occurs) that as if 似乎 .If it were not for / If it hadnt been for 若不是因為 If it were not for the
53、ir help, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. 要不是他們幫助,這些困難我們不克服不了的。四、it用作形式賓語.基本用法當(dāng)不定式、動名詞、等復(fù)雜成分用作賓語且其后跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語時,通常會在賓語補(bǔ)足語前使用形式賓語,而將真正的賓語移至句末。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“動詞+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+不定式(動名詞或)”。這類動詞如:Find ,think ,feel, imagine, believe, consider如: I find it difficult to do the job well. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)做好這件事不容易。. 用作形式賓語的幾個特殊結(jié)構(gòu).動
54、詞+ it + that-。如: You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以說這是以前安排的。 Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 據(jù)傳聞,國防部長不久就要辭職?!菊f明】能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞不多,常見的有 have, take, put, like 等。.動詞 + it + when (if)-。如: I dislike it when you whistle. 我不愛聽你吹口哨。 We really appreciate it when she offered to
55、 help. 她來幫忙了,我們十分感激。 Id prefer it if I didnt have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作,好就太好了?!菊f明】能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞不多,常見的有 enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。.動詞 + prep + it + that-。如: See to it that youre not late again. 注意千萬不要再遲到?!菊f明】能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞不多,常見的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depe
56、nd on, answer for 等。.動詞 + it + 介詞短語+ that-。如: I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多虧有你我才仍然活著。 I took it for granted that he would help us. 我認(rèn)為他會幫助我們的?!菊f明】能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞不多,常見的有take it for granted, bring it to sbs attention, owe it to sb 等。四、數(shù)詞3、序數(shù)詞:表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。1、 英語的序數(shù)詞基本變法: (1) 一般在基數(shù)詞后加th,(2)-ve結(jié)尾的改為-fth
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