知行英語綜合教程2 Unit7（課堂PPT）

1、知行英語知行英語1知行英語2知行英語3Task 1What is stress？ A physical, chemical or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension and may be a factor in disease causation （原因，因果關(guān)系）（原因，因果關(guān)系）知行英語41) test A competition2) emotional B deadline3) homework C workload (工作量)4) peer (同伴) D anxiety5) heavy E disorder (紊亂

2、)Task 2Answer the questions by matching the following items.1 What may bring you stress on campus?知行英語5 What are some of the common unpleasant stresses in our lives? Illness Unemployment Conflict Increasing demands Crime Death Information overloadTask 3知行英語6What are some of the common pleasant stres

3、ses in our lives? Retirement Vacation New baby Moving New job New phase of life Children leaving home Family visits知行英語71) get A friends2) chat with B a comedy movie3) listen to C soft music4) take D a good sleep5) watch E a deep breathTask 42 What are the means by which people relax themselves?知行英語

4、知行英語8Task 5What s the function of stress?知行英語9Task 6Match the following pictures with the symptoms of too much stress.1 fatigue 1 fatigue (疲勞) 2 sadness 2 sadness 3 headache 3 headache 4 anger 4 anger 5 sleeplessness 5 sleeplessness 6 depression 6 depression (沮喪)ABCAFDECBDEF知行英語10Task 7Pressure of e

5、xams is common among students. The following is a list of strategies students can use to ease pressure under such situations. Conduct a survey among your classmates and find out the three most frequently used strategies.A A burn the midnight oilB B ask for shortcuts from senior schoolmatesC C borrow

6、 notes from top classmatesD D find test papers of previous yearsE E keep in touch with the teacher for instructionsF F put off other assignments so as to save time for the examG G skip other classes so as to save time for preparationsH H give it upAccording to your survey, the three most frequently

7、used strategies are: _, _, _.知行英語知行英語11Stress is a natural part of life. We all experience stress over issues relating to our lives. We wouldnt be human if we didnt. We may feel pressured to hunt a good job for the future. We might find the experiment is too difficult or feel time is limited for the

8、 coming test.Stress知行英語知行英語12Some stress is necessary to provide the incentive to get things done, but excessive stress can be harmful to our health and our study abilities. 知行英語知行英語13If we deal with stress poorly, we may pay the price in ill health, accidents, inability to concentrate on our study

9、- and unhappiness. 知行英語14We should find ways to handle the stress in our daily life.知行英語15If we are really tired of the daily stress which we have to go through知行英語知行英語16The Joy of StressChicago Tribute知行英語17Reading ItThe Joy of StressChicago Tribute1 Removing stress from our life is something of a

10、national dream. People worry that too much tensionat work, at home, in traffic, in line at the grocery store, anywhereis slowly harming their insides. Who can blame them? Doctors give warnings about the dangers of stress. Mostly, that only createswhat else?more stress. 2 All of this leads to some du

11、bious conclusions about the best way to live a long and happy life. At New Trier High School, north of Chicago, for instance, officials are considering a new policy that would force overachieving students to take a lunch break and some free time during the day. The theory seems to be that it is bett

12、er to ease off a bit during the day, rather than fill every minute with classes or activities. Better to forget about going to Harvard, than to get stressed over it.* Wordsstress n. 持續(xù)的壓力；緊張；憂慮tension n.（精神上的）緊張；緊張（局勢）；拉（繃）緊*insides n. （人的）腸胃；內(nèi)臟blame v. 指責(zé)；責(zé)怪 n. （過錯、事故等的）責(zé)任；指責(zé)dubious a. 懷疑的；無把握的；靠不住

13、的*overachieving a. 過于努力的；過于進取的2 所有這一切都導(dǎo)致一些可疑的結(jié)論，都是關(guān)于如何長壽已經(jīng)如何活得幸福的好辦法。例如，在芝加哥北部的New Trier高級中學(xué)，官方正考慮一項新舉措，即讓表現(xiàn)突出的學(xué)生中午休息片刻并在一天中享受閑暇時間。這一想法的理論似乎是一天中最好能緩口氣，而不是排滿各項課程和活動。最好暫時忘卻為考取哈佛該做的努力，松口氣，減減壓。1 為我們的生活減壓幾乎是個民族夢想。人們擔(dān)心過度緊張來自工作的，來自家庭的，來自交通擁堵的，來自雜貨店里排隊等候的，來自任何地方的正緩慢傷害他們的健康。誰能責(zé)怪他們呢？醫(yī)生們對壓力帶來的危險作出了警告。而這樣的警告僅僅帶

14、來還能有什么？更多的壓力。Better acquaintance知行英語183 Back in the days before stress was seen as a plague, it was known by other names: work, ambition, trying hard to do ones best. Those earlier Americans knew something that many today have forgotten: Stress is a gift. What drives you out of bed in the morning, i

15、f not stress? What forces you to create, to achieveor just mow the lawn?4 Humans are born into stress and programmed to deal with it every day. The body needs stress, longs for it, and cant function without it. If stress were so bad, why did the Universe see fit to create hunger, thirst and other bo

16、dily functions that require a person to move? For that matter, why were iPhones created, if not to provide something for which to work hard?5 Americans invented workaholism, the highest level of stress. Probably an American coined the term “overachiever”, a word that should be forbidden, because it

17、regards those who work extra hard as small-souled monsters who arent smart enough to work slower. plague n. 瘟疫；鼠疫；災(zāi)難ambition n. 抱負；雄心；野心mow v. 割（草）lawn n. 草坪；草地program v. 使 按某種方式行事（思考）；設(shè)置function v. 工作；運行；起作用 n. 功能；作用；職能*workaholism n. 醉心工作；迷戀工作coin v. 創(chuàng)造（新詞）overachiever n. 成就超常者forbid v. 不許；禁止monst

18、er n. 怪物5 美國人發(fā)明了工作狂現(xiàn)象，這可以說是壓力的最高水平。多半也是一名美國人杜撰了“過度進取者”這樣的說法一個應(yīng)該被禁用的詞匯，因為這個詞匯將那些十分努力工作的人看作心胸狹隘的魔鬼，他們沒法以聰明的方式放慢工作節(jié)奏。4 人類的壓力與生俱來，并且人類天生就得每天處理壓力。我們的身體需要壓力，渴望壓力，沒有壓力，一切無法運轉(zhuǎn)。如果壓力如此糟糕，那為何會有饑渴感，以及其他身體機能，這都要求一個人主動作為。如此說來，若不是為了提供努力工作的動力，為什么會創(chuàng)造出蘋果手機和等離子電視？3 在壓力成為一種流行病之前，它往往被代稱為：工作。野心。全力以赴。過去的美國人都深知一點：壓力是一種饋贈，如

19、今的人們都已經(jīng)忘記了。如果沒有壓力，是什么驅(qū)使我們早晨起床？又是什么促使我們?nèi)?chuàng)造，去成就哪怕只是修剪草坪呢？知行英語196 Dr. Michael DeBakey, one of the pioneers of heart surgery, was famous for the better part of 50 years. His face was on Time magazines cover in 1965. He disagreed with the idea of the ill effects of stress. “Man was made to work, and work

20、 hard. I dont think it ever hurt anyone,” he said. 7 Although he admitted that stress can be damaging, DeBakey still said the secret to his long life wasnt vitamins, medications or exercise. It was work. So he kept a full schedule. “What we call stress is sometimes stimulating and can bring out the

21、best features in our nature,” he once told The Wall Street Journal. 8 A recent poll reported that close to two-thirds of Americans who have not yet retired say that they plan to work for pay after retiring, which means theyre not retiring. The reason mostly has nothing to do with moneythey simply wa

22、nt to stay busy. pioneer n. 先驅(qū)；創(chuàng)始人；開拓者；開發(fā)者surgery n. 外科手術(shù)damaging a. 有害的；損壞的vitamin n. 維生素*medication n. 藥物；藥劑stimulating a. 刺激的；令人興奮的journal n. 期刊；雜志poll n. 民意測驗retire v. 退休；退役6 Dr. Michael DeBakey，心臟外科醫(yī)生的先驅(qū)之一，近五十年盛名不衰。他的形象登上了1965年的時代周刊。他完全不同意壓力帶來負面效應(yīng)的說法?！叭松鷣砭褪枪ぷ鞯?，并且要努力工作。我認為工作不會傷害任何人?！彼f。8 最近的一次民意

23、調(diào)查報道，近三分之二的未退休的美國人打算退休后繼續(xù)工作掙錢。也就是說，他們不會退休。主要的原因與金錢無關(guān)他們只是希望繼續(xù)忙碌。7 雖然他也承認壓力會帶來傷害，但DeBakey還是認為他長壽的秘密并不是維生素、藥物或者鍛煉。而是工作。他的日程一直排得很滿?！拔覀兯f的壓力具有激勵作用，可以激發(fā)我們天性中最好的特質(zhì)”， 最近他接受華爾街日報采訪時如是說。知行英語209 Sure, stress can kill you. There are no doubt bad thingsdivorce, a death in the family, job lossthat cause extreme s

24、tress. Some scientists say that how you think about a stressful event is likely to affect your immune system. The best way, if possible, is to turn stress into a helper. Accept it; master it.10 Research suggests that some stress in daily life can be good for us, depending on how long it lasts. Gener

25、ally, shorter periods of stress are better. Some studies show that the bodys immune response became stronger in people who were asked to speak in public or to do mental maths in a lab. They were more able to fight the early stages of infection and heal wounds.11 Most people are eager for vacations o

26、r weekends, when stress levels often drop. But thats the point? Without stress, how can we enjoy the absence of it? Without the deadline, the test, whatever, theres no relief when its over. *stressful a. 緊張的；充滿壓力的immune a. 免疫的；有免疫力的helper n. 幫手；助手mental a. 智力的；心理的infection n. 感染；傳染；傳染病heal v. 愈合；痊愈；

27、恢復(fù)健康absence n. 缺乏；缺席deadline n. 截止時間；最后期限r(nóng)elief n. 輕松；寬慰；緩解11 大部分人都渴望假期或者周末，這些時候壓力水平往往降低。但這就是關(guān)鍵所在：沒有壓力的存在，你怎么能體會到享受沒有壓力的時光？沒有最后期限，測試也好，隨便什么就沒有事情結(jié)束后的輕松。10 研究表明生活中有些壓力是有利的，取決于壓力延續(xù)的時間以及你認為它何時結(jié)束。一般說來，短期壓力更為有利。有研究證明那些經(jīng)歷過被要求在公眾場合發(fā)言或者在實驗室做智力數(shù)學(xué)題的人，他們的免疫反應(yīng)更強，隨時做好與早期感染作斗爭的準備，并有助于傷口愈合。9 當然，壓力能殺人。無疑，那些糟糕的事情離婚，親

28、人去世，失業(yè)都會引起壓力。一些科學(xué)家認為你看待壓力事件的方式可能對你的免疫系統(tǒng)有影響。如果可能的話，最好的辦法就是將壓力變成幫手。接受它，掌控它。知行英語21Understanding ItTask 1 Read the text and answer the following questions.1 How did earlier Americans look at stress?2 What positive functions does stress have in our daily life? Stress is a gift. We are forced by stress to

29、 create and achieve and our body cant function without stress.知行英語22Understanding ItTask 1 Read the text and answer the following questions.1 How did earlier Americans look at stress?2 What positive functions does stress have in our daily life?3 Why do many Americans plan to work after retiring?4 In

30、 what way can we take advantage of stress?5 How do you look at stress after learning the text? Stress is a gift. We are forced by stress to create and achieve and our body cant function without stress. They simply want to stay busy. To turn stress into a helper. (Open)知行英語23Task 2 Read the text agai

31、n and correct the following statements.1 Doctors warnings about the dangers of stress help people deal with their pressure.2 The overachievers do not need a break as they are more capable.3 Humans should not live under any stress.4 Most Americans plan to stay at home, enjoyingtheir leisure time afte

32、r retirement.5 It is impossible for human beings to benefit from stress.1 Doctors warnings about the dangers of stress only create more stress.2 The overachievers would be forced to take a lunch period and free time during the day.3 Humans are born into stress and programmed to deal with it every da

33、y.4 Most Americans plan to work for pay after retiring.5 Some of the stress of daily life can be good for you.知行英語24Task 3 Read the text carefully and explain the following sentences in your own words.1 Removing stress from our life is something of a national dream.2 All of this leads to some dubiou

34、s conclusions about the best way to live a long and happy life.3 The theory seems to be that it is better to ease off a bit during the day, rather than fill every minute with classes or activities.4 “What we call stress is sometimes stimulating and can bring out the best features in our nature,” he

35、once told The Wall Street Journal.5 Some scientists say that how you think about a stressful event is likely to affect your immune system.1 It is a dream of the whole country that stress is going to be eliminated from life.2 All of the above comments on stress bring about doubtful suggestions regard

36、ing how to live longer and more happily.3 The theory could be understood that during the daytime students had better relax themselves from time to time instead of getting themselves busy with classes or activities all day long.4 “The so-called stress might be motivating sometimes and may help us pre

37、sent the best qualities in our nature,” he once told The Wall Street Journal.5 Some scientists believe that it is quite possible that the way you look at a stressful event may have effect on your immune system.知行英語25Language Pointsto say or think that someone or something is responsible for somethin

38、g bad 責(zé)怪，指責(zé)；把歸咎于e.g. I blamed his mother for her bably not honest, true, right etc. 可疑的，靠不住的e.g. The assumption that growth in one country benefits the whole world is highly dubious. blame dubiousWordsto want something very much especially when it seems unlikely to happen soon 尤指對看似不

39、可能很快發(fā)生的事渴望， 盼望e.g. He longed to see her again.exciting or full of new ideas 令人興奮的；饒有趣味的；充滿新思想的e.g. This is a stimulating discussion about world politics. long stimulating知行英語26Language PointsWordsa feeling of comfort when something frightening, worrying, or painful has ended or has not happened 常用作單

40、數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞（因恐懼、憂慮或痛苦的消除而感到的）寬慰， 寬心，輕松e.g. After the exam, I felt an incredible sense of relief.relieve: v. to reduce someones pain or unpleasant feelings 減輕，緩解（疼痛或不快的感覺）e.g. Drugs help to relieve the pain. relief poll(=opinion poll, survey) the process of finding out what people think about something b

41、y asking many people the same question , or the record of the result 民意調(diào)查，民意測驗；民意調(diào)查的結(jié)果e.g. The final result of the poll will be known tomorrow.e.g. Polls indicate that education is the top issue with voters.知行英語27Language Points to make something easier to see, taste, notice etc. 使顯現(xiàn)， 使表現(xiàn)出e.g. Fathe

42、rhood seems to have brought out the caring side of him. bring outPhrases & Expressions一群e.g. a gaggle of tourists / childrene.g. a gaggle of geese a gaggle of be programmed to do something人或動物因社會或生物原因天生按某種方式行動e.g. All birds of this species are programmed to build their nests in the same way. 尤指不

43、稱心的事減緩 (= ease up)e.g. The rain had eased off a bit. ease off而且；就那事而言e.g. Ben never touched beer, or any kind of alcohol for that matter. for that matter知行英語28Language Points移走；搬走；去掉；清除，去除e.g. Reference books may not be removed from the library.e.g. The college removed rules that prevented women fro

44、m enrolling. remove(from)Phrases & Expressions對產(chǎn)生影響 have effect on immune system(身體的) 免疫系統(tǒng)多少有點；頗有幾分e.g. The news came as something of a surprise. something of a / an某事物的絕大部分/大部分e.g. The journey took her the better part of an hour. the better part in sight/within sight在視野內(nèi)，看得見；即將發(fā)生的e.g. I glanced

45、 around me quickly. There was no one in sight.e.g. Six months from the start of the strike, there is still no end in sight.知行英語29Background information Time 時代周刊，美國著名新聞周刊，由時代華納公司在紐約出版。該雜志采用敘述體報道新聞，題材涉及全世界，對國際問題和重大國際事件進行全程跟蹤式深度報道，因而也有世界“史庫”之稱，被譽為當代最具影響力的新聞刊物。自1927 年起，該刊推出年度風(fēng)云人物(Person of the Year) 評選

46、，曾有多位中國名人入選，成為該期刊的封面人物。知行英語30Background information 華爾街，為英文“墻街”的音譯，位于紐約市曼哈頓區(qū)南部，從百老匯路延伸到東河。華爾街以“美國金融中心”的地位聞名于世，著名的紐約證券交易所、美國摩根財閥、洛克菲勒石油大王和杜邦財團等開設(shè)的銀行、保險、航運、鐵路等公司的經(jīng)理處均聚集于此。如今，“華爾街”一詞已經(jīng)遠遠超越這條街道本身，常被當作“壟斷資本”的代名詞，也被視為世界金融、證券交易的中心。 Wall Street知行英語31Background information 華爾街日報創(chuàng)刊于1889年，著重于財經(jīng)新聞的報道，其內(nèi)容足以影響每天的

47、國際經(jīng)濟活動，是美國發(fā)行量最大的報紙之一。華爾街日報的讀者主要為政治、經(jīng)濟、教育和醫(yī)學(xué)界的重要人士，金融大亨和經(jīng)營管理人員以及股票市場的投資者。美國500家最大企業(yè)的經(jīng)理人員絕大部分訂閱此報。 The Wall Street Journal知行英語32Background information Chicago 芝加哥位于美國中西部，屬伊利諾伊州，東臨密歇根湖，是美國第三大城市，僅次于紐約市和洛杉磯，地處北美大陸的中心地帶，為美國最重要的鐵路、航空樞紐，也是美國主要的金融、文化、制造業(yè)、期貨和商品交易中心之一，曾被評為美國發(fā)展最均衡的經(jīng)濟體。芝加哥常見的別名包括：“第二城”，“風(fēng)城”，“芝城”

48、等。知行英語33Background information Harvard University 哈佛大學(xué)是一所位于美國馬薩諸塞州的私立研究型大學(xué)，為常春藤盟校成員之一，于1636年由馬薩諸塞州殖民地立法機關(guān)立案成立，1639年為感謝一名牧師約翰哈佛的捐贈，該機構(gòu)將學(xué)校命名為哈佛學(xué)院，1780年更名為哈佛大學(xué)。哈佛因其歷史、學(xué)術(shù)地位、聲譽、財富和影響力等因素，而被評為世界范圍內(nèi)最杰出、最負盛名的學(xué)府之一，也被譽為美國政府的思想庫。知行英語34Background information iPhone iPhone是蘋果公司旗下的一個結(jié)合了照相、個人數(shù)碼助理、媒體播放器以及無線通信設(shè)備的智能手

49、機系列，目前是全球銷量第二大的智能手機。此系列的手機搭載蘋果公司研發(fā)的iOS手機操作系統(tǒng)。2007年1月9日, 時任蘋果公司CEO的史蒂夫喬布斯(Steve Jobs)發(fā)布了第一代iPhone，并在6月29日正式發(fā)售。最新一代的iPhone 5c和iPhone 5s于2013年9月13日發(fā)布，并于同年9月22日正式發(fā)售。知行英語35Background information plasma television 等離子電視全稱是Plasma Display Panel，它是在兩張超薄的玻璃板之間注入混合氣體，并施加電壓利用熒光粉發(fā)光成像的設(shè)備。等離子彩電具有圖像無閃爍、厚度薄、重量輕、色彩鮮艷

50、、圖像逼真等特點。等離子(PDP)電視與傳統(tǒng)的CRT電視機相比，最突出特點就是“大而薄”。知行英語36Background information Dr. Michael DeBakey Michael Ellis DeBakey 是現(xiàn)代心臟外科手術(shù)治療的創(chuàng)始人，與他的導(dǎo)師Alton Ochsner共同提出了吸煙和肺癌之間具有強烈聯(lián)系的學(xué)說。他還是最早進行冠狀動脈旁路（搭橋）手術(shù)創(chuàng)始者之一，同時又是人造心臟以及人造血管的創(chuàng)始人。據(jù)估計，他在整個職業(yè)生涯中進行了超過6萬例心臟手術(shù)。Dr. Michael DeBakey幾乎從未停止過工作，直至去世，在他的領(lǐng)域工作了75年。知行英語37Doing

51、ItTask 11Although too much stress may kill people, stress may be quite essential to our life. Can you find some evidence from the text?EXAMPLE: What drives you out of bed in the morning, if not stress? For that matter, why were iPhones and plasma televisions created, if not to provide something for

52、which to work hard? (L4, Para.7)知行英語382“If not” has been employed for several times in the text to emphasize the significance of stress. Besides, this structure is also used to suggest there is something larger or more important than what was stated previously. Try to link the following sentences wi

53、th “if not”.EXAMPLE:1 She did not understand his words. But she understood his meaning. She understood his meaning, if not his words.2 He is smart. He is not exactly brilliant. He is smart, if not exactly brilliant.1 The arrangements are fairly satisfactory. The arrangements may not be ideal._2 How

54、could she have escaped the danger? I didnt help her._3 They spent thousands of dollars to build that house. They did not spend millions of dollars on it._The arrangements, if not ideal, are fairly satisfactory.She could not have escaped the danger, if not for my help.They spent thousands of, if not

55、millions of dollars, to build that house.知行英語392“If not” has been employed for several times in the text to emphasize the significance of stress. Besides, this structure is also used to suggest there is something larger or more important than what was stated previously. Try to link the following sen

56、tences with “if not”.EXAMPLE:1 Ill go if youre going. If not, Id rather stay at home.2 Do you want the cake? If not, Ill have it.4 His computer is definitely better than yours. It may not be cheaper._5 This system is very practical and helpful. It may not be perfect._TipsOther usages of “if not”1 To

57、 introduce a different suggestion following a sentence with an “if” clause;2 To say what will or should happen if the answer is “no” to a previous yes/no question.His computer is definitely better than yours, if not cheaper.This system is very practical and helpful, if not perfect.知行英語403Work in gro

58、ups. Even though there are different kinds of stress in your campus life, many of them are necessary for your academic success. Talk with each other about some of your major stress in your study at present. Give suggestions to each other on how to turn the stress into something positive or even help

59、ful. Try to use the “if not” structure in your suggestions.EXAMPLE: How could I have any idea about such a problem with my English vocabulary, if not the vocabulary contest?Whats your stress about?知行英語41Task 21The writer uses some specific examples and a few pieces of evidence to justify the positiv

60、e functions of stress. Can you find three of them from the text? Dr. DeBakey says the secret to his long life is work. A recent poll reported that close to two-thirds of Americans who have not yet retired say that they plan to work for pay after retiring. Some studies show that those who were asked to speak