大學英語精讀4-unit2

1、2. Warm-up Exercises5. Background InformationDeerBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading3. A Quiz 1. Word Web 4. An English SongEnergy CrisisEcological System (Ecosystem)Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingWord Web Directions: What words will occur to you whene

2、ver we mention the word “energy”？ Write down as many words as possible about it.ENERGYheatsolar energywindcoalgasoilatomic energynuclear energyenergy resourcesenergy crisisconservation of energy, wind, fossil, Warm-up Exercises Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingTips: Direction

3、s: Watch the video and write down the kinds of energy mentioned. Small-scale systems tap the energy of flowing water. These are not to be confused with big dam projects which totally transform ecosystems, wreaking environmental havoc.MICRO-HYDRO:flowing watersolar, chemicalreaction, nuclearBefore Re

4、adingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingWINDPOWER :FOSSIL FUELS :An ancient source undergoing a revival with modern turbine technology Derived from long-dead organic andanimal matter. Oil, coal, and natural gas are all fossil fuels. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingSO

5、LAR ENERGY:The suns power can be harnessed in various ways: by using photovoltaic cells to generate electricity directly; by using thermal collectors to make steam to generate electricity; by using passive solar materials that maximize or retain the suns heat. BIOMASS:Biomass is vegetal or organic m

6、aterial including dung and plants and biofuels are the solid or liquid or gaseous fuels that derive from it. Wood, methane and alcohol are all biofuels. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingNUCLEAR ENERGY: Currently produced by ”fission”. An atom is split using uranium and the he

7、at produced drives steam turbines to generate electricity. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingA QuizDirections: Give each item in the quiz a number from 1 to 5, and add up the numbers from the quiz to see How “Green” You Are?1=always 2=often 3=sometimes 4=hardly ever 5=neverDo

8、you .?( ) 1. avoid throwing things away if they can be reused, repaired or recycled( ) 2. use recycled paper( ) 3. recycle paper, glass, and cans( ) 4. avoid products from nonrenewable sources( ) 5. avoid buying overpackaged products( ) 6. walk or use a bike when traveling short distances( ) 7. use

9、public transportation when traveling long distances( ) 8. avoid using air-conditioning in the summer( ) 9. try to make sure the heat isnt turned up too high in the winter( )10. use low-energy lightbulbs( )11. turn off the lights when you leave a room( )12. avoid using more water than you needBefore

10、ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingTips: The interpretation of your quiz score is: ScoreYoure so green, its unbelievable! Are there even more things you do to protect the environment?Youre very environmentally aware. You care about and respect the world around you.You do some things t

11、o protect the environment, but theres always room for improvement.Youre not green at all. Be aware of the things you can do and try. Everything you do will help.12-2324-3536-4748-60Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingAn English SongDirections: Listen to the song and fill in the

12、blanks. Green, Green Grass of HomeThe old home town looks the same,As I from the train. And there to meet me is my mamma and my papa.Down the road I look, and there runs Mary,Hair of gold and lips like ,Its good to touch the . Yes, theyll all come to meet me, Arms a-reachin, ,Its good to touch the g

13、reen, green grass of home.step down_cherries_green, green grass of home_smiling sweetly_The old house is still standing, Though the paint is . And theres that old oak tree, That I used to play on. Ill walk with my sweet Mary, Hair of gold and lips like cherries.Its good to touch the green, green gra

14、ss of home.Then I around me, At the four gray walls that surround me,And I realize. Yes I was , For theres a guard and theres a sad old padre, well walk at daybreak, Again Ill touch the green, green grass of home.Yes theyll all come to see me that old oak tree, As they lay me meet the green, green g

15、rass of home.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Readingcracked and dry_Down the lane_awake and look_only dreaming_Arm in arm_in the shade of_Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingBackground InformationDirections: Listen to the following passage，write down the words

16、you think important, then retell the story according to what youve heard.1. Deer There are about 100 different kinds of deer. Some live in grasslands. Others live in forests. The female deer becomes pregnant annually in late autumn, producing one to three young in late spring or early summer. The no

17、rmal lifespan is 15 to 20 years.KEY Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingDirections: Listen to the following passage，write down the words youve heard.2. Energy Crisis Energy crisis refers to a critical in the supply of energy-producing fuels, such as gas, oil, and . During the ea

18、rly 1970s, the demand for petroleum increased , and Western countries depended heavily on imported . The situation became worse during the Arab-Israeli War of 1973, when the Arab nations to the United States and other countries that Israel, causing an acute energy shortage in these countries during

19、the winter of 1973 to 1974.shortage_coal_sharply_supplies_reduced_supported_oil production and embargoed oil shipmentsBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingDirections: Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the help of the words given below.3. Ecological System (Ec

20、osystem)A system is made up of a group of living organisms and their physical environment, and the relationship between them. A pond, a , a forest or an ocean may be an . An ecosystem includes such as food supply, weather and .Any change in environment has far-reaching on living things. The clearing

21、 of a forest, for example, may birds and affect drainage (排水排水). Without birds to keep under control, the insects and may do serious damage to crops. Without trees to hold back rain water, erosion may set in and ruin .lake_effects ecosystem harmful insects natural enemies factors drive away farmland

22、 lake multiplyecosystem_natural enemies_factors_effects_drive away_harmful insects_multiply_farmland_1. ScanningBefore ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading2. Part Division of the TextFor Part 1For Part 2Questions and AnswersBlank FillingQuestions and Answers3. Further UnderstandingFor

23、Part 3Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingScanningDirections: Scan the text and discuss in pairs, list the facts about the life of deer in four seasons. eat as much as they can, storing the excess in the form of fat; active in growing, reproducing or storing fatadult males: grow

24、 antlers and get fatadult females: give birth to young; produce milkfawns: become less dependent on their mothers milk and begin to search for growing plants as food1. Summer: continue to eat high quality food in order to deposit fat for the winter2. Fall: reduce their activity, grow a winter coat o

25、f hair, and lower their metabolism; use the reserves of fat to survive the cold winter3. Winter: become active again4. Spring: Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingPart Division of the TextMain IdeasParts 123It is energy, not love or money, that makes the world go round. Take the

26、 deer as an example to explain the life of wild animals round the year and how they can survive during the hard times in winter.Life depends on energy, thus the cycle continues. Para.1291011Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingBlank FillingDirections: Read the first part of the t

27、ext carefully, then fill in the blanks. Some persons say that love makes the world . Others of a less romantic and more practical say that it isnt love; its money. But the truth is that it is that makes the world go round. Energy is the of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when fo

28、od is energy, which is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive. On this cycle all lifego round_turn of mind_energy_currency_converted into_in turn_depends_.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingQuestions and Answers1. How do wild animals survive the hard times

29、in winter?They eat as much as they can during times of plenty, the summer and the fall, storing the excess, usually in the form of fat, and then using these reserves of fat to survive during the hard times in winter when food is scarce.2. What is the best time for milk production? The best milk prod

30、uction occurs at the same time that new plant growth is available.3. What is the use of fat deer accumulate in summer and fall? Fat reserves are like bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food supplies are limited and sometimes are difficult to reach because of deep snow.4. What changes ta

31、ke place in deer when winter draws near? Fawns lose their spotted coat. Hair on all the deer becomes darker and thicker.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading5. What further safeguard does nature provide to help deer survive the winter? They have an internal physiological response

32、 which lowers their metabolism, or rate of bodily functioning, and hence slows down their expenditure of energy.6. What changes take place in deers behavior when they lower their metabolism? Their behavior changes from more activities in summer and fall to less as winter progresses.7. What will happ

33、en to deer if deep snows come and the weather remains cold for a long time?Some will die.8. What is the fundamental rule of life for wild, free wandering animals? Only the largest and strongest are likely to survive the survival of the fittest.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Readin

34、gQuestions and AnswersWhat conclusion does the author supply? Life depends on energy, and thus the cycle continues.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingIs there anything we can learn from deer? During the “energy crisis” of 19731974 the writer of this essay was living in northern

35、 Minnesota and was able to observe how deer survive when winter arrives. The lessons he learns about the way deer conserve energy turn out applicable to our everyday life. It is fairly well known that wild animals survive from year to year by eating as much as they can during times of plenty, the su

36、mmer and fall, storing the excess, usually in the form of fat, and then using these reserves of fat to survive duringthe hard times in winter when food is scarce. But, it is probably less well knownSome persons say that love makes the world go round. Others of a less romantic and more practical turn

37、 of mind say that it isnt love; its money. But the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go round. Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy, which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive

38、. On this cycle all life depends.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingDeer and the Energy Cycle Aaron N. Moenoccurs at the same time that new plant growth is available. This is good timing, because milk production is an energy consuming process it requires a lot of food. The cost

39、 can not be met unless the region has ample food resources. Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingA good case in point is the white-tailed deer. Like most wildlife, deer reproduce, grow, and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. A phys

40、ically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her bodys needs but also to produce milk for her fawns. The best milk productionthat even

41、 with their stored fat, wild animals spend less energy to live in winter than in summer.As the summer progresses and the fawns grow, they become less dependent on their mothers milk and more dependent on growing plants as food sources. The adult males spend the summer growing antlers and getting fat

42、. Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall in order to deposit body fat for the winter. In the case of does and fawns, a great deal of energy is expended either in milk production or in growing, and fat is not accumulated as quickly as it is in full grown males. Fat reser

43、ves are like bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food supplies are limited and sometimes difficult to reach because of deep snow.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingAs fall turns into winter, other changes take place. Fawns lose their spotted coat. Hair on all the de

44、er becomes darker and thicker. The change in the hair coats is usually complete by September and maximum hair depths are reached by November or December when the weather becomes cold. But in addition, nature provides a further safeguard to help deer survive the winter an internal physiological respo

45、nse which lowers their metabolism, or rate of bodily functioning, and hence slows down their expenditure of energy. The deer become somewhat slow and drowsy. The heart rate drops. Animals that hibernate practice energy conservation to a greater extreme than deer do. Although deer dont hibernate, the

46、y do the same thing with their seasonal rhythms in metabolism. Deer spend more energy and store fat in the summer and fall when food is abundant, and spend less energy and use stored fat in the winter when food is less available.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Reading When the “ene

47、rgy crisis” first came in 19731974, I was living with my family in a cabin on the edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota, observing the deer as their behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to lessas winter progressed, followed by an increase againBefore Rea

48、dingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter Readingin the spring as the snow melted. It was interesting and rather amusing to listen to the advice given on the radio: “Drive only when necessary,” we were told. “Put on more clothes to stay warm, and turn the thermostat on your furnace down.” Meanwhile we

49、 watched the deer reduce their activity, grow a winter coat of hair, and reduce their metabolism as they have for thousands of years. It is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chances of surviving in winter. Not every winter is critical for deer of cours

50、e. If the winter has light snow, survival and productivity next spring will be high. But if deep snows come and the weather remains cold for several weeks, then the deer must spend more energy to move about, food will be harder to find, and they must then depend more on their fat reserves to pull th

51、em through. If such conditions go on for too long some will die, and only the largest and strongest are likely to survive. That is a fundamental rule of life for wild, free wandering animals such as deer.Before ReadingGlobal ReadingDetailed ReadingAfter ReadingYes, life and death, too is a cycle tha

52、t goes round and round, and when animals die their bodies become food for other life forms to use by converting them into energy.And the cycle continues.turn of mind: adj. a characteristic tendency or way of thinking 性情性情;氣質(zhì)傾向氣質(zhì)傾向,才能才能 He has an optimistic turn of mind. 因為他的想法奇怪，行為也和別人極為不同。因為他的想法奇怪，

53、行為也和別人極為不同。 With a very peculiar turn of mind, he behaves very differently from anyone else.convert into:1) change into轉(zhuǎn)變轉(zhuǎn)變, 轉(zhuǎn)化轉(zhuǎn)化 One last effort converted defeat into victory. The hotel has been converted into an office building.2) cause (a person) to change his beliefs, etc. 皈依皈依;改變信仰改變信仰 他們已經(jīng)改信佛教

54、。他們已經(jīng)改信佛教。 They have converted to Buddhism.reserve: 1. n. 1) sth. kept for later use 貯藏貯藏; 儲備儲備 有些動物在秋季儲備大量的食物，以防冬季挨餓。有些動物在秋季儲備大量的食物，以防冬季挨餓。 Some animals keep a great reserve of food in fall to keep from starving in winter.2) a piece of land kept for a (stated) purpose 保護區(qū)保護區(qū) Laws and regulations ar

55、e made to protect the wildlife reserves. 他在自然保護區(qū)拍了很多獅子的照片。他在自然保護區(qū)拍了很多獅子的照片。 He took a lot of photos of the lions in the nature reserves.2. vt. keep for special purpose 保留，預訂保留，預訂 這些座位是留給貴賓的。這些座位是留給貴賓的。 These seats are reserved for special guests.a good case in point: a good example of what is being

56、talked about 一個恰當?shù)睦右粋€恰當?shù)睦?He is rather selfish. His unwillingness to help his brother is a good case in point. Lack of communication causes serious problems and their marriage is a case in point.Collocation: in case 以防；如果；倘若以防；如果；倘若in case of 倘使倘使in any case 無論如何無論如何in no case 決不決不conceive: vt.1)

57、become pregnant with (young) Deer usually conceive in November. 鹿通常在十一月份懷胎。鹿通常在十一月份懷胎。2) form (an idea, plan) in the mind; think of; imagine 想出（主意、計劃等）；構(gòu)想想出（主意、計劃等）；構(gòu)想, 設想設想 I conceived that there must be some difficulties. 我料想到一定有些困難。我料想到一定有些困難。give birth to: bear, bring forth, produce 生生; 引起引起, 產(chǎn)生

58、產(chǎn)生 She gave birth to a fine healthy baby. 她生了一個健康可愛的嬰兒。她生了一個健康可愛的嬰兒。 The scientists experiments gave birth to a new drug. 那位科學家的實驗產(chǎn)生了一種新藥。那位科學家的實驗產(chǎn)生了一種新藥。deposit: vt. put or store for safe keeping; keep (money) in a bank 存放存放; 交與交與保管保管 她剛剛把一大筆錢存到她的帳戶上。她剛剛把一大筆錢存到她的帳戶上。 She had just deposited a large

59、sum of money in her account. He deposited his returned books with the librarian. 他把歸還的書交給圖書管理員。他把歸還的書交給圖書管理員。Collocation:deposit in在在存儲存儲deposit with把把交給交給保管保管expend: vt. spend or use up The students expended much care on their graduation papers.expend, spend & cost這三個動詞均含這三個動詞均含“花費花費”之意。之意。 exp

60、end 較正式用詞，通常指為某一專門目的而花費較正式用詞，通常指為某一專門目的而花費大量金錢、時間或精力。大量金錢、時間或精力。 spend 普通用詞，與普通用詞，與cost基本同義，但主語必須是人?；就x，但主語必須是人。 cost 指花費時間、金錢、勞力等。其主語是物，而指花費時間、金錢、勞力等。其主語是物，而不能由人充當，也不用被動形式。不能由人充當，也不用被動形式。1. Governments_a lot of resources on war. 2. It _a lot to buy a house in this part of London. 3. I dont know how I man