高中英語語法-虛擬語氣全總結(jié)-排版

1、從句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事 實(shí)相反的 假設(shè)If +主語+助動詞的過去式(were, did, had)主語+should/would/could/might+動詞原形If I had time, I would attend the meeti ng.If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.與過去事 實(shí)相反的 假設(shè)If +主語+had+過去分詞主語+should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞If you had take n my advice, you would nothave failed

2、in the exam.與將來事 實(shí)相反的 假設(shè)1If+主語+動詞過去式2If+主語+were to+動詞 原形3If+主語+should+動詞原 形(注意不能是 would)主語+should/would/could/might+動詞原形If you came tomorrow, we would have themeeti ng.If it were to rain tomorrow, we would putoff the sports meeti ng.If he should not come tomorrow, weshould put off the meeting till n

3、ext Monday.錯綜時間條件句當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為錯綜時間條件句，動詞 的形式要根據(jù)它表示的時間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college stude nt now.2if 省略句在條件句中可以省略 if,把 were, had, shoulc 提到句首，變成倒裝句式。如:If I were at school again, I

4、would study harder.fWere I at school agari, I would study harder.如果我還有上學(xué)的機(jī)會，我會更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.fHad you come earlier, you would catch the bus.如果你來得早點(diǎn)，你就能趕上公共汽車。If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.fShould it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbi

5、ng.如果明天下雨的話，我們就不能登山去了。3用介詞代替條件狀語從句常用的介詞有 with, without, but for 。如：What would you do with a million dollars? （=if you had a million dollars）如果你有 100 萬元，你會做什么？We couldn t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. （=if we hadn your help）t got沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項工作。Without your help, we cou

6、ldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=But for your help,=If it had not bee n for your help,= Had it not been for you help,沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項工作。4含蓄條件句 有時在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn) if 引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過其他手段來代替條件句。如：I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have take n part in the sports meet ing 副詞）He telephoned to info

7、rm me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. （連詞）A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days 定語從句）I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. 連（ 詞 ）Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) ）5even if, e

8、ven though 也可用于虛擬語氣，其形式與 if 從句在虛擬語氣中的形式相同。虛擬語氣 (2)虛擬語氣在名詞從句中1.在由 suggest, dema nd, require, request, in sist, order, comma nd, propo 等 e 表示建議、請求、命令、愿望等 動詞或其同根詞引出的名詞從句中，名詞從句虛擬句的謂語變化的形式只有一條規(guī)律一一名詞從句虛擬句無論其主句的謂語動詞時何種形式，從句的謂語形式均為should+動詞原形，其中 should 可以省去。（特別提醒：不是用 would,而是用 should。）常見的這類動詞有：ask 要求,advise

9、,beg, suggest 建議,comma nd 命令,dema nd 要求，request 請求，in sist,require 要求,order 下令,propose, advice, recommend,intend, prefer 寧愿,permit, persuade, expect, decide 決疋，in struct, object, determ ine, urge, appo in 等等Our teacher suggested that we (should) not leave theclassroom.老師建議我們不要離開教室。He in sisted that

10、she do it right now. 他堅持她馬上 就做。在 It is/was +上述動詞的-ed 形式+that 從句中It is suggestedby the doctor that I should give up smoking.醫(yī)生建議我戒煙。當(dāng)上述動詞以其名詞形式出現(xiàn)，并且被用作主語，引導(dǎo)一個表語從句或者同位語從句時My suggesti on is that we (should) set out tomorrowmor ning.我建議我們明早動身。The suggestion that the sports meeting (should) put off2.在 It

11、 is /was necessary, important 等形容詞 +that 從句中，常見的這類形容詞有：n ecessary, importa nt, essential, vital, advisable, urge nt, desirable, n atural, strange, imperative 等It is necessary that you should attend the meeting.你有必要參加會議。It is imperative that you arrive there in time. 你必須 按時到達(dá)那兒。在 It is a pity (a sham

12、e, no wonder)+that 從句中It is a pity that you fail the exam.It is no won der he be late for class.虛擬語氣（3）虛擬語氣的其他用法在 wish 后面的賓語從句中對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，從句的謂語動詞用過去時I wish I were a little youn ger 我 布望我能夠年輕一點(diǎn)。對過去的虛擬，從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時（had done 或 would/could+現(xiàn)在元成時”I wish I had been there.我真布望我當(dāng)時在那里。戈I wish I had not atte nde

13、d that party. 我真希望我當(dāng)時沒參加那個聚會。對將來的虛擬，從句的謂語用“ would/could+ 動詞原形I wish he could expla in what he means.在 if only 感嘆句中表示“但愿”，“要是就好了”用法 和wish 基本相同，只是比 wish 具有更強(qiáng) 烈的感情色彩。If only the rain would stop.（對將來的虛擬） 但愿雨能停。If only I were taller.（對現(xiàn)在的虛擬）我的個 子要是能高一點(diǎn)就好了。If only 1 had followed your advice! （對過去的 虛擬）要是我聽

14、從了你的建議就好了！在 as if/asthough 引導(dǎo)的從句中表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑，謂語用過去時I really don t like the way you are speaking tome. It seems as if you were my father. 我 真的非常討厭你和我說話的方式。你聽起 來就好像是我爸爸。表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語用過去完成時He kept telling us what had happened as if hehad been there himself.他不停地和我們講 發(fā)生的事情，好像他當(dāng)時在場一樣。有時也用陳述語氣，這時表示較

15、大的真實(shí)性或可能性It is becoming dark. It looks as if itto rain.天變黑了，似乎就要下雨了。s goingIt seems as if he had been to America.他好像去過美國。在wouldrather 結(jié)構(gòu)中would rather do sth.表示將來或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語寧愿自己做某事”I would rather go there tomorrow. 我想明天去那里。He would rather not stay at home tonight. 他今晚不想在家呆著。would rather have done sth.

16、表示過去的事件，“主語寧愿自己過去做了某事，但實(shí)際上沒有做”She would rather not have gone to the party.她覺得真是不該去參加那個晚會。would rather sb. Did 表示的是將來或現(xiàn)在的事件，“主語寧愿讓另外一個人做某事”Don t come tomorrow. I d rather you came next weeke nd.明天就別來了，我布望 你下周末過來。would rather sb. had done 表示過去的事件，“主語寧愿別人過去做了某事，但實(shí)際上沒有做”I would rather you had returned t

17、he bookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。在It is(about, high)time+(that)從 句中從句中用過去時，表示早該做而未做的 事，并含有建議的意味。It is high time that we began to work.咱們應(yīng) 該開始干活了。練習(xí)題1. If my lawyer_ here last Saturday, h_ me from going.A.had bee n, would have preve ntedB.had bee n, would preve ntD.were, would have preve ntedC.were, wo

18、uld preve nt2. If it_ for the snow, we_ the moun ta in yesterday.A.were not, could have climbedB.were not, could climbC.had not been, could have climbedD.had not been, could climb3. Without electricity （電）huma n life_ quite difficult today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be4. I didn t see your sister at the meeting, if s _ , she would have met my brother.A. has come