高考英語語法精講精練-名詞和主謂一致[教師版]

1、高三第二輪專題講解 (一分類 (二轉(zhuǎn)換個體名詞與抽象名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 物質(zhì)名詞與個體名詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換抽象名詞與個體名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的變化,而單復(fù)數(shù)的變化又分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。 在熟悉以上規(guī)則的基礎(chǔ)上,特別注意以下幾點(diǎn):1.注意以下名詞數(shù)的概念以s結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞(多為學(xué)科名詞physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news, the United States集合名詞:表示一類事物的集合或總稱,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式machinery, furniture, equipment, technology,

2、luggage, baggage, homework, evidence單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)不同的意思custom風(fēng)俗,習(xí)慣customs海關(guān)damage損害damages賠償金good好處,利益goods貨物time時間times時代,次數(shù),倍數(shù)fish 魚肉fishes 各種魚paper 紙papers 試卷,文件water 水waters 水域room 空間rooms 房間time 時間times 時代arm 手臂arms 武器有些抽象名詞有時以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),表示具體化,意義發(fā)生變化或構(gòu)成固定短語。use ones brains動腦筋meet with difficulties遇到各種困難

3、make preparations做準(zhǔn)備in high spirits 情緒高漲good manners有禮貌Many thanks.非常感謝。No pains, no gains.不勞無獲。congratulations祝賀possessions所有物,財產(chǎn)surroundings環(huán)境有些物質(zhì)名詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),表示數(shù)量之多,范圍之廣。burst into tears 大哭起來miles of golden sands 綿延幾英里的金黃色沙灘burn to ashes 燒成灰燼形式上雖是單數(shù),但表示的是復(fù)數(shù)含義people, police, cattle, staff, public, th

4、e+adj.(the rich富人, the+分詞(the wounded傷員 2.集體名詞的數(shù)family, team, audience, class, club, committee, crowd, group, enemy, cattle, government, majority, minority, part, people, police, public, staff等集體名詞注意其主謂一致,一般來說,視為整體時作單數(shù)看待,側(cè)重其成員時則作復(fù)數(shù)看待。The enemy has suffered heavy losses.The enemy are in flight. 名詞所有格

5、的規(guī)則如下:名詞詞尾加s,如the boys bag, mens room。若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾“s”,只加“”。如:the workers struggle。由of構(gòu)成的所有格:無生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu)。如:a map of China,the end of this term,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。在熟悉以上規(guī)則的基礎(chǔ)上,特別注意以下幾點(diǎn):1.如果兩個名詞并列,并且分別有“s”,則表示“分別有”;只有一個“s”,則表示“共有”。Johns and Marys rooms(分別擁有的房間John an

6、d Marys room(共有的一間2.“s”所有格的特殊表達(dá)形式用于表示時間、距離、價格、重量等的名詞后。todays newspaper, five minutes walk(drive,five pounds weight, ten dollars worth of apples。用于表示國家、世界、城市等地方的名詞后。the earths plant, the worlds population, Chinas industry, New Yorks parks。表示店鋪或某人的家時,常在名詞所有格后省去shop,house等名詞。the tailors 裁縫店,the barbers

7、理發(fā)店,go to the doctors上診所。3.雙重所有格:of +名詞s(或+名詞性物主代詞a friend of Toms some/two students of mine尤其是在表示贊揚(yáng)、批評或厭惡等感情色彩時常常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)。of 所修飾的名詞前通常有指示代詞that/this/these/those,但不能用the。That invention of hers belongs to the world.她的那項(xiàng)發(fā)明是屬于全世界的。(表贊賞注意:當(dāng)of 之前的名詞是picture, portrait等詞時含義不同:This is a picture of my friends.這

8、是我朋友收藏的一幅畫。This is a picture of my friend.這是我朋友的一張照片。 名詞作定語是現(xiàn)代英語較為簡潔的修飾語表達(dá)方式,根據(jù)習(xí)慣搭配可歸為以下幾類: 1.表示中心詞的用途、功能、材料stone figures石像,shoe shop鞋店,coffee cup咖啡杯2.表示中心詞的時間、地點(diǎn)、稱呼。summer holidays暑假,school education學(xué)校教育,evening dress晚禮服注意:表具體的時間名詞作定語,則要用所有格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。yesterdays news昨天的消息an hours drive開車一小時的路程3.表示中心詞的類別

9、、對象、身份。bike key自行車的鑰匙,animal trainer馴獸師,woman driver女駕駛員4.表示中心詞的內(nèi)容computer studies電腦學(xué)習(xí),weather report天氣預(yù)報,film industry電影工業(yè)5.表示部分與整體的關(guān)系river banks河岸,animal bones動物骨頭,cigarette ends煙頭名詞作定語時的特別注意點(diǎn):名詞作定語時,一般用其單數(shù)形式,且不隨后面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)產(chǎn)生變化two pencil- boxes, girl friends, a seven-year-old boy但是,少數(shù)的名詞作定語卻用復(fù)數(shù)形式。sp

10、orts shoes 運(yùn)動鞋clothes shops 服裝店a sales girl女銷售員 a greetings card 賀卡man和woman作定語要注意其單復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化a man doctormen doctors; a woman engineerwomen engineers名詞作定語和所有格作定語的區(qū)別。the girl friend女朋友the girl's friend那位女孩的朋友the woman driver女司機(jī)the woman's driver那位婦女的司機(jī)名詞作定語和形容詞作定語的區(qū)別名詞作定語主要說明物質(zhì)的材料、來源或?qū)ο?形容詞作定語主

11、要起修飾、限定的作用。gold watch金表golden sunshine金色的陽光heart trouble心臟病hearty welcome熱忱的歡迎convenience food快餐convenient food制作方便的食品 名詞是英語的主要詞匯之一,也是歷年高考的重要考點(diǎn)。綜合近幾年高考對名詞的考查,單項(xiàng)填空題中,每年都出現(xiàn)12道題。此外,在閱讀理解和完形填空中,名詞的一詞多義、熟詞新意也經(jīng)常涉及。因此,在備考中一定要結(jié)合具體的語境去感悟、理解名詞的辨析、名詞的一詞多義以及名詞的習(xí)慣用法等。 We always keep _ spare paper, in case we ran

12、 out.A. too muchB. a number ofC. plenty ofD. a good many【解析】答案為C?！皃aper”作為“紙”解釋時為不可數(shù)名詞,所以先排除B和D兩個選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)題意“我們總是準(zhǔn)備充足的備用紙張,以防用光?！边x擇答案C。too much意為“太多”盡管修飾不可數(shù)名詞,但用在這兒不符合題意。The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _ pictures of them.A. many ofB. masses ofC. the number of

13、D. a large amount of【解析】答案為B?！窘馕觥看鸢笧閙asses of 意為“大量的”既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞;the number of意為“的數(shù)量”;a large amount of意為“大量的”后接不可數(shù)名詞;“many of”后接前面帶有定冠詞的名詞,意為“中的許多”。 The village is far away from here indeed. It's _ walk.A. a four hourB. a four hour'sC. a four-hoursD. a four hours'【解析】答案為D。“walk, r

14、ide, drive”等用做名詞可用來表示一般距離,其用法結(jié)構(gòu)為:“時間名詞的所有格+這些名詞”。 The_ is just around the corner and you wont miss it.A. bicycles shop B .bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D bicycl es shop【解析】答案為B。表示什么樣的商店要用單數(shù)名詞修飾“shop”。He dropped the _and broke it.A. cup of coffeeB. coffee's cupC. cup for coffeeD. coffee cup【解析】答案

15、為D。coffee cup意為“咖啡杯”是指“用來喝咖啡的杯子”。名詞作定語修飾名詞。 一是考查語義方面的辨析:主要考查某些多義詞在特定上下文中的引申含義,以及準(zhǔn)確辨別一些同義、近義詞在特定語境中的差異的能力。Most air pollution is caused by the burning of_ _ like coal, gas and oil.A. fuelsB. articlesC. goodsD. products【解析】答案為A。由題干中的“coal,gas,oil”可知都是燃料,故正確答案A項(xiàng)意為“燃料”。articles意為“物品”;goods意為“貨物、商品”;produ

16、cts意為“產(chǎn)品”。To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten,the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our”.A. SkyB. LifeC. ArtsD. Voices【解析】答案為D。由語境可知,此處指人類的語言,而語言是人類說的聲音,因此用“voices”。Shall we go out for a walk?Sorry. This is not the right to invite me. I am too tired to walk.

17、A. momentB. situationC. placeD. chance【解析】答案為A。句意:“我們出去散散步好嗎?”“對不起,這不是邀請我的合適的時間,我太累了而不想去散步?！眒oment意為“某一時刻,片刻”;situation意為“情形,狀況”;place意為“地方”;chance意為“機(jī)會”。The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly .A. atmosphereB. stateC. situationD. phenomenon【解析】答案為A。句意:這兩個國家的最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在友好的氣氛中

18、進(jìn)行交談。atmosphere 意為“氣氛,氛圍”;state意為“狀態(tài)”;situation意為“形勢,局面”;phenomenon意為“現(xiàn)象”。Whats the of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simplyhang out for awhile?A. senseB. matterC. caseD. opinion【解析】答案為A。本題所設(shè)的語境是:有這樣一個你在那里不能吃、不能喝甚至不能動的公共開放場所有什么意義呢?sense意為“意義、意識”;matter意為“問題,麻煩”;case意為“情

19、況,問題”;opinion意為“意見,看法”。四個選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)符合語境。二是考查搭配方面的辨析:主要考查固定句型中的名詞、名詞與動詞的搭配以及名詞與介詞的搭配等。The young man made a _to his parents that he would try to earn his own living aftergraduation.A. predictionB. promiseC. planD. contribution【解析】答案為B。句意:這位年輕人向他的父母許諾說畢業(yè)之后他將努力自食其力。makea promise意為“許諾、答應(yīng)”其后的“that”從句為同位語從句,補(bǔ)

20、充說明先行詞“promise”的內(nèi)容,其它選項(xiàng)不合句意。I bought a dress for only 2010 dollars in a sale; it was a real .A. exchangeB. bargainC. tradeD. business【解析】答案為B。bargain用作名詞時,意為“廉價貨,便宜貨”,a real bargain意為“真便宜”。It is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A. useB. helpC. timeD. way【解析】答案為A?！癷t is no u

21、se后接動詞+ing形式”或“動詞+ing形式短語”表示“做某事沒有用”。I have read the material several times but it doesnt make any _ to me.A. meaningB. importanceC. senseD. significance【解析】答案為C。因?yàn)閙ake sense意為“有意義、講得通、有道理”是固定習(xí)語。Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table within _ of little children.A. handB. reachC. spaceD. dista

22、nce【解析】答案為B。within ones reach意為“伸手拿(夠得到”,是習(xí)語。 在英語的句子中,謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。近幾年來,高考關(guān)于該內(nèi)容的考查主要集中在語法一致、邏輯意義一致以及就近(遠(yuǎn)一致原則等三個方面。一、語法一致原則只要確定句子的主語是單數(shù)意義,則謂語用單數(shù),句子的主語意義復(fù)數(shù),則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。具體表現(xiàn)如下:1.不可數(shù)名詞作主語,一律視為單數(shù)。某些以s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞作主語,仍視為單數(shù)。No news is good news.His task was to collect information.How much machinery has been

23、installed?2.表示單一概念的動名詞、不定式或句子作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has not been decided yet.3. “ one, either, neither, each of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞”作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)。Either of the stories is very funny.4.something, everything, anything, nothing,somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代詞作主語,謂語通常是單數(shù)。Nothing is

24、 impossible.5.表示時間、金錢、距離、重量、數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語,通?？醋饕粋€整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Ten pounds was missing from the box.6. a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量詞修飾名詞,通常以量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)。This pair of glasses is very expensive.Two series of new stamps have been ordered.7.a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞,“許多”,復(fù)數(shù)意義;the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名

25、詞,“的數(shù)目”,單數(shù)意義。the population of“的人口數(shù)量”作主語時,謂語用單數(shù),但如果是分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、half of, the rest of the population 作主語時,具體指其中的多少人,復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語則用復(fù)數(shù)。the average of“的平均數(shù)量”,作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)。The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.The population of China is large and most of the popul

26、ation are farmers.8.主語后with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等短語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)要和這些短語前面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。(因?yàn)閣ith等詞為介詞,其后跟的名詞只能是介賓,不可能充當(dāng)主語。Mr. Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.9.“the +adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)指一類人時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果指個別人或表示抽象的概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The disabled are well taken care

27、of in this country.The dead in this accident was 20, a girl from Nanjing University.The new is certain to replace the old.10.分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of等作主語時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)其指代的含義確定。The rest of the workers are still very tired.11.當(dāng)and連接兩個并列主語在意義上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念時,應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù)

28、。另外,當(dāng)and 連接兩個形容詞去修飾一個單數(shù)形式的主語時,其實(shí)是指兩種不同的事物,主語則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)數(shù),那么謂語動詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。War and peac e is a constant theme in history.Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.英語中并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有:iron and steel 鋼鐵law and order 治安bread and butter黃油面包 a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表a knife and fork 一副刀叉 a coat and tie 一件配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣ai

29、m and end 目的truth and honesty 真誠12.what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句作主語時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要取決于作表語的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.13.such 作主語時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)其意義而定。Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.14.quantities of +名詞作主語時,不論名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是不可數(shù),謂語一律用復(fù)數(shù)。a quantity of

30、 +名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。a quantity of +不可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)。amounts of +不可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。an amount of +不可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)。Every day quantities of water are wasted.A large amount of damage has been done because of the floods.二、邏輯意義一致原則1.every /each/no +名詞+and every/ each/ no +名詞作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)。Every boy and every girl is

31、 having sports now.2.“one +單數(shù)名詞+and a half”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。One apple and a half was on the table.3.“more than one +單數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。More than one student has failed the exam.4.“many a +單數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Many a child was playing there.【注意】以上四種情況,如果從意義上來講,主語有復(fù)數(shù)意義,但由于名詞都是以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的,故謂語用單數(shù)形式,謂語形式上與主語的單數(shù)形式

32、一致。三、就近(遠(yuǎn)一致原則1.謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)常常與最近作主語的詞語保持一致。常出現(xiàn)在這類句子中的連詞有: or, notbut;eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also 等。Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.2.在倒裝句中謂語可與后面最近的一個主語一致。In the distance was heard the

33、clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.3.當(dāng)there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時,謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.4.當(dāng)一個句子是由there 或here引起,而主語又不止一個時,謂語通常和最靠近它的主語一致。Here is a pen, a few envelopes and so

34、me paper in the drawer.5.在定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞如果在從句中作主語,依先行詞決定從句謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式;在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句中的動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;但是之前有the (only等修飾語時,則從句中的動詞用單數(shù)形式。Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China.6.主語后面跟有“with, together with, except, but,like, as well as, no less than,

35、rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to”等引起的短語,謂語動詞要跟主語一致,即就遠(yuǎn)一致。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.A woman with a baby was on the bus.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She like you and Tom, is very tall.The girls as well as th

36、e boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it. 動詞不定式、動名詞以及名詞性從句作主語時的主謂一致Most of what has been said about the Smiths_also true of the Johnsons.A. areB. isC. beingD. to be【解析】答案為B。本題的主語是主語從句通?？醋鞑豢蓴?shù),“most of”修飾主語從句依然是不可數(shù),謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。one, either, neither, each等+o

37、f+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時的主謂一致Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to goto university.So do I.A. hopeB. hopesC. hopingD. hoped【解析】答案為B。本題的主語是“each”,“of the students”作后置定語,修飾“each”。由and連接并列主語時的主謂一致Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _invited.A. wereB. hav

38、e beenC. has beenD. was【解析】答案為D。主語是“every boy and girl”表示單數(shù)概念,故謂語動詞用單數(shù),且詢問昨晚的情況,有明確的過去時間,所以應(yīng)選擇“was”。A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【解析】答案為A。此題中“and”連接的第二個名詞“artist”前沒有加冠詞,說明指的是同一個人,應(yīng)為單數(shù)。定語從句中的主謂一致He is the on

39、ly one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been【解析】答案為D?！皌he only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”中的先行詞是“the only one”,定語從句中謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,又結(jié)合時間狀語“for three years“可知應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時。quantities of+名詞作主語時的主謂一致With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth

40、 _ each year.A. is washing awayB. is being washed awayC. are washing awayD. are being washed away【解析】答案為D。一般講“quantities of“不論修飾可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。the number of與a number of的區(qū)別As you can see, the number of cars on our roads_ rising these days.A. was keepingB. keepC. keepsD. were keeping【解析

41、】答案為C。在“the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”中主語是“the number(數(shù)量”,謂語動詞用單數(shù),根據(jù)語境,應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在時。Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry.A. is workingB. worksC. workD. worked【解析】答案為C。a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),根據(jù)語境和時間狀語Nowadays 可知應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時。分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時的主謂一致The company had

42、 about 20 notebook computers but only one-third_ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【解析】答案為D。“one-third”是指“20臺筆記本中的三分之一”,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義;根據(jù)語境,前后是今昔對比的描述,空格處應(yīng)使用過去時?！敬鸢浮縚 of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two

43、 fifths; isD. Two fifths; are【解析】答案為C。分子大于“1”時,作分母的序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,并且分?jǐn)?shù)修飾的是不可數(shù)名詞“l(fā)and”,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。倒裝句中的主謂一致At the foot of the mountain _.A. a village lieB. lies a villageC. does a village lieD. lying a village【解析】答案為B。這是一個全部倒裝的句子,主語是“a village”。On top of the books _the photo album youre looking for.A. isB.

44、 areC. hasD. have【解析】答案為A。作表語的介詞短語放在句首時,使用全部倒裝語序,句子的真正主語不是“books”,而是“the photo album”。 表示抽象概念的名詞或詞組作主語時的主謂一致A survey of the opinions of experts _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.A. show; areB. shows; isC. show; isD. shows; are【解析】答案為B。主句中的主語是“A survey”為單數(shù),后有“of”短語作定

45、語分隔;從句中的主語是“threehours”,是表示時間段的名詞詞組,看作一個整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。一些單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞如作主語時的主謂一致Every possible means _to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is usedB. are usedC. has been usedD. have been used【解析】C。答案為“means”前有“every”修飾,說明是單數(shù);根據(jù)語境,此處應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時,表示對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果或影響。 由連詞“or, eitheror,neithernor

46、,not onlybutalso,whetheror”等連接并列主語時的主謂一致(遵循就近一致原則Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. a re handing outD. is to hand out We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is

47、unimportant.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been【解析】答案為A。主語“time”和謂語動詞之間插入了“of”短語作定語來迷惑考生,必須分析句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)才能慧眼識別出主語為“the time”。The father as well as his three children _ska ting on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is goingB. goC. goesD. are going【解析】答案為C。本題的主語是“father”,“as well as”短語是插入

48、成分,其后的名詞不是主語的一部分。 2009年1.(天津卷Im trying to break the _ of getting up too late .A. tradition B.convenience C. habit D. leisure【答案】C【解析】句意:我試圖打破起床太晚這個習(xí)慣。Tradition表示“傳統(tǒng)”;convenience表示“方便”;habit表示“習(xí)慣”;leisure表示“消遣,娛樂”,根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)選C。2. (安徽卷China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and

49、smooth organization.A. reputationB. influenceC. impressionD. knowledge【答案】A【解析】四個近義詞來區(qū)分.從句意及空格后面的介詞入手,表達(dá)“中國在上面有著較好的聲譽(yù)”應(yīng)接介詞for。influence后接on。impression后接on。knowledge后接of.3.(福建卷The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.A. de

50、layB. effortC. scheduleD. consideration 【答案】A【解析】delay:耽擱,延誤;effort:努力;schedule:時間表;consideration:考慮,體諒;關(guān)心。題干意思是:當(dāng)H1N1型2009年4月襲擊墨西哥時,世界衛(wèi)生組織毫不猶豫地向人們提出了警告。選A。4.(湖北卷Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for_ building.A. respectB. friendshipC. reputationD. character【答案】D【

51、解析】根據(jù)常識便可知運(yùn)動既可增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)也可強(qiáng)健個性,不會增強(qiáng)尊敬或名聲,友誼可以增強(qiáng),但與前面health不搭配,故答案為character。5.(湖北卷 In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _ for everyone to stand up.A. signalB. chanceC. markD. measure【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)句意可知打鈴及老師合上書本,這是下課的暗示,選項(xiàng)中只能選擇signal。chance“機(jī)會”,mark“分?jǐn)?shù),痕跡”,measure“方法,措施”。6

52、.(江西卷The _ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car.A. girls; TomsB. girls; TomsC. girls; TomsD. girls; Toms【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)題干后半部分的them可知對應(yīng)復(fù)數(shù)girls。7.(山東卷 He says that my new car is a _ of money. 21世紀(jì)教育網(wǎng)Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?A. lack

53、B. loadC. questionD. waste 21世紀(jì)教育網(wǎng)【答案】D【解析】lack缺乏;load負(fù)擔(dān);question疑問;waste 浪費(fèi);根據(jù)句意,尤其是下句的sourgrapes(酸葡萄可知答案選D。8. (陜西卷 Form their _ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view ofthe city.A. stageB. positionC. conditionD. situation【答案】B【解析】stage:舞臺,時期,階段;position:位置;condition:條件,情況;situ

54、ation:形式,情況;情景;根據(jù)空前的物主代詞their可以推斷出此處選B。題干意思是:從他們在電視塔頂部的位置,游客們可以更好地看到這個城市的景色。9.(浙江卷The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digitalresources of the library.A. accessB. passageC. wayD. approach【答案】A【解析】句意:人們設(shè)計這個系統(tǒng)是為了讓學(xué)生快潔地使用圖書館的數(shù)字資源。passage 意為“文章;走廊”;way 是“方法、方式”;approach

55、也指“方式;接近”;access指“入口、通路”,常和介詞to 連用,可知選A符合。10. (四川卷The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America.A. are; wereB. is; wereC. are; wasD. is; was【答案】B【解析】A together with B作主語時謂語動詞與A的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致;第二空為定語從句that指代Reading Skills,由于Reading Skills是書名所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)。11.(湖南卷Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. areB. isC. haveD. be【答案】B【解析】Either or. 連接兩個主語,按就近原則來確定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)。One of your