英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題(9)

1、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題（9）語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題及參考答案    I. Directions : Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)    1. Linguistics is the scientific study of _.   

2、; A. a particular language    B. the English language    C. human languages in general     D. the system of a particular language     2. The consonant f in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: _.    A. voicele

3、ss, bilabial, stop    B. voiceless, labiodental, fricative    C. voiced, bilabial, stop        D. voiced, labiodental, fricative    3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is know

4、n as a(n) _.    A. derivational morpheme     B. free morpheme    C. inflectional morpheme    D. free form    4. In the phrase structure rule "SNP VP", the arrow can be read as _.    A. is equal to  B. consists of    

5、; C. has  D. generates    5. "I bought some roses" _ "I bought some flowers".    A. entails B. presupposes    C. is inconsistent with    D. is synonymous with    6. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange vio

6、lates the maxim of _.    X: Who was that you were with last night?    Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?    A. quality    B. quantity    C. relation    D. manner    7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar

7、 of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, _, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.    A. phrases      B. sentences    C. morphemes D. utterances     8. In a speech community people have something in common

8、_a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.    A. socially      B. linguistically    C. culturally  D. pragmatically9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people?

9、_.    A. language and speech    B. visual and spatial skills     C. reading and writing        D. analytic reasoning     10. In general, the _ stage begins roughly in the second half of the child's second year.    A. babbling&

10、#160;   B. one-word    C. two-word    D. multiword    . Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to cha

11、nge the letter given. (1%×10=10%)    11. As the first step of their scientific investigation of language, linguists have to observe and collect linguistic f        before they can do anything else.    12. Phonological rules that govern the combination of

12、sounds in a particular language are called s            rules.    13. An independent unit of meaning that can be used freely by itself is called a f_ morpheme.    14. A c            sentence contains two clauses joined b

13、y a linking word, such as "and", "but", "or".    15. The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is called s        .  16. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to obs

14、erve is called the C          principle proposed by J. Grice.    17. In addition to social changes, one of the most pervasive sources of language change seems to be the continual process of cultural t            across generations.

15、0;   18. Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the s            attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.    19. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "s 

16、60;     speech," and speech as "overt thought." In such a case, speaking and thinking take place simultaneously.    20. I        is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA.    . Directions: Judge whether each of

17、the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false , you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)    21. (    ) An important difference betwee

18、n traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the "best authors" for language usage.    22. (    ) In classifying the English consonants

19、and vowels, the same criteria can be applied.    23. (    ) We can always tell by the words a compound contains what it means because the meaning of a compound is always the sum of the meanings of its parts.24. (    ) Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite numb

20、er of sentences and sentences with infinite length, due to their recursive properites.    25. (    ) The conceptualist view of meaning holds that there is no direct link between a symbol and reference, i.e. between language and thought.    26. (    ) Of the vi

21、ews concerning the study of semantics, the contextual view, which places the study of meaning in the context in which language is used, is often considered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense.    27. (    ) In first language acquisition children's gram

22、mar models exactly after the grammar of adult language.    28. (    ) The sentences "He crazy" and "He be sick all the time" are both acceptable in Black English vernacular because copula deletion and habitual be are two famous features of Black English. 

23、   29. (    ) Speakers of different languages are capable of distinguishing and recognizing experiences of the same objective world according to their respective different linguistic coding system.    30. (    ) Instruction and correction are key factors in child l

24、anguage development.    . Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%)    31. synchronic linguistics    32. displacement    33. a minimal pair    34. derivational affixes    35. synta

25、x     36. language transfer    37. hyponymy    38. sentence meaning    39. lingua franca    40. cerebral cortex    . Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)    41. Explain sociological triggers for language change by givi

26、ng a typical example in the history of English.    42. Explain briefly the four main individual learner factors that affect a learner's acquisition of a second language.參考答案  一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（本大題共10小題，每小題2分，共20分）    1、C 2、B 3、C 4、B 5、A 6、C 7、C 8、B 9、B 10、C    二、填空題（本大題共

27、10小題，每小題1分，共10分）11、 facts 12、sequential 13、free 14、coordinate      15、semantics 16、Cooperative 17、transmission 18、social 19、subvocal 20、Interlanguage    三、判斷改錯(cuò)題（本大題共10小題，每小題2分，共20分）    21、（T）    22、（F）As there is an essential difference between the conson

28、ants and the vowels, i.e. there is some kind of obstruction of air in the production of the former, but there is not in the production of the latter, it is impossible to use the same criteria in their classification.  23、（F）We cannot always tell by the words a compound contains what it means be

29、cause the meaning of a compound is not always the sum of the meaning of its parts.    24、（T）    25、（F）The conceptualist view holds that there is no direct link between a symbol and its referent, i.e. between language and the real world; rather, in the interpretation of meaning th

30、ey are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind.    26、（T）    27、（F）In first language acquisition children's grammar never models exactly after the grammar of adult language, because children usually construct their personal grammars by themselves and generalize r

31、ules from the linguistic information they hear.    28、（T）    29、（T）    30、（F）Instruction and correction are not key factors in child language development. Linguists have found that for the vast majority of children, language development occurs spontaneously and requires

32、 little conscious instruction. Instruction and correction just play a minor role.    四、名詞解釋題（本大題共10小題，每小題3分，共30分）    31、Linguistics that studies language at one particular point of time, e.g. the study of the kind of English used during Shakespeare's time.    32、One

33、 of the major defining features of human language. Human language is not restricted by the 'here' and 'now' as animal communication is; we can virtually talk about anything we want, including what happened in the past, what is going to happen in the future, what is not existent in th

34、e immediate surroundings and even what we imagine.    33、A pair of sound combinations which are identical in every way except one sound, e.g. /pit/ and /bit/.    34、Affixes added to an existing form to create a new word ,e.g. in-,-er 35、Syntax is a subfield of linguistics that st

35、udies the sentence structure of language, and it consists of a set of rules that allow words to be combined with other words to form grammatical sentences.     36、Language transfer is a phenomenon that L2 learners subconsciously use their L1 knowledge in their learning process.   

36、; 37、Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more specific word and a more general, more inclusive word. The former is included in the latter. For example, a cat is a hyponym of animal.38、Sentence meaning refers to the intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of a predication. It i

37、s abstract and decontextualized. For example, semantic analysis of the sentence meaning of "The bag is heavy" results in the one-place predication BAG (BEING HEAVY).    39、A lingua franca is a variety of language that serves as a medium of communication among groups of people of

38、diverse linguistic backgrounds. For this reason, a lingua franca must be an agree-upon "common tongue" used by people thrown into social contact for various purposes, such as for social or commercial purposes.    40、Cerebral cortex is the outside surface of the brain, the decisio

39、n-making organ of the body, receiving messages from all sensory organs and initiating all voluntary actions. Many of the cognitive abilities that distinguish humans from other mammals, such as sophisticated reasoning, linguistic skills, and musical ability, are believed to reside in the cortex. 

40、;   五、論述題（本大題共2小題，每小題10分，共20分）    41、Sociological triggers for language change refer to such radical socio-political changes as wars, invasions, occupation, colonialization, and language planning and standardization policies. A typical example in the history of English is the Norman Conquest, a military event that marked the dawning of the Middle English period. This means that Middle English began with the arrival of the Norman French invaders in English