高考英語(yǔ)生態(tài)環(huán)保類(lèi)閱讀理解

1、話(huà)題七：生態(tài)環(huán)保類(lèi)(一)The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the worlds supply of water. With 97% of the worlds water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortag

2、e(短缺)seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the worlds agricultural industries experience constant water shortages.Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配)are ve

3、ry high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported fro

4、m one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation (灌溉). In Texas, farmers overuse of irrigation water

5、has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.Saudi Arabias attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumpin

6、g of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.1. From the first two paragraphs we learn that_. A. much of the worlds water is avail

7、able for use B. people in high rainfall countries feel luckyC. the costs of water redistribution should be considered D. water can be easily carried through pipes across the world2. Which of the following is TRUE? A. The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%. B. Most industries in the world

8、 suffer from water shortages. C. The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years. D. Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley.3. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. Steps to improving water use management.B. Ways t

9、o reduce the costs of building dams. C. Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages. D. Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply.4. The text is mainly about_. A. water supply and increasing population B. water use management and agriculture C. water redistribution and wildlife protect

10、ion D. water shortages and environmental protection答案與解析世界的可用淡水資源有限，但農(nóng)業(yè)在利用水資源過(guò)程中存在不盡如人意之處，本文指出了其中的一些問(wèn)題。1C細(xì)節(jié)理解題，由文中第一段第二句“With 97% of the worlds water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture.”可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由第一段第三句“.strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country.”可知B選項(xiàng)不合文意；第二段前兩

11、句指出水資源的重新分配的費(fèi)用極高，一方面是水利過(guò)程本身的造價(jià)，另一方面也會(huì)對(duì)生態(tài)造成極大的破壞，所以選項(xiàng)C正確，根據(jù)第二段第四句“.it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other.”可知D項(xiàng)不正確。2C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“.has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores.”可判斷A選項(xiàng)不正確；由第一段最后一句可判斷B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由文章最后一句“.fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.”可知C項(xiàng)正

12、確。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句可知D項(xiàng)不正確。3A判斷推理題。文章前面一部分主要是講述農(nóng)業(yè)在利用水資源過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題，接下來(lái)應(yīng)該是介紹加強(qiáng)水資源管理的方法和措施，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。4B主旨大意題。由第一段第二句可知。(二)It was a village in India. The people were poor. However, they were not unhappy. After all, their forefathers had lived in the same way for centuries.Then one day, some visitors from the city

13、 arrived. They told the villagers there were some people elsewhere who liked to eat frogs legs. However, they did not have enough frogs of their own ，and so they wanted to buy frogs from other places.This seemed like money for nothing. There were millions of frogs in the fields around，and they were

14、no use to the villagers. All they had to do was catch them. Agreement was reached，and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs. Every week a truck arrived to collect the catch and hand over the money. For the first time, the people were able to dream of a better future. But the dream di

15、dnt last long.The change was hardly noticed at first, but it seemed as if the crops were not doing so well. More worrying was that the children fell ill more often, and, there seemed to be more insects around lately.The villagers decided that they couldnt just wait to see the crops failing and the c

16、hildren getting weak. They would have to use the money earned to buy pesticides (殺蟲(chóng)劑) and medicines. Soon there was no money left.Then the people realized what was happening. It was the frog. They hadnt been useless. They had been doing an important jobeating insects. Now with so many frogs killed,

17、the insects were increasing more rapidly. They were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.Now，the people are still poor. But in the evenings they sit in the village square and listen to sounds of insects and frogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deeper meaning. 1. From Paragraph 1，we

18、learn that the villagers_. A. worked very hard for centuries B. dreamed of having a better life C. were poor but somewhat content D. lived a different life from their forefathers 2. Why did the villagers agree to sell frogs? A. The frogs were easy money. B. They needed money to buy medicine. C. They

19、 wanted to please the visitors. D. The frogs made too much noise.3. What might be the cause of the childrens sickness? A. The crops didnt do well. B. There were too many insects. C. The visitors brought in diseases. D. The pesticides were overused.4. What can we infer from the last sentence of the t

20、ext? A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the country. B. Health is more important than money. C. The harmony between man and nature is important. D. Good old days will never be forgotten.答案與解析本篇文章為記敘文。主要講述印度一個(gè)小村莊的人們?cè)谕忄l(xiāng)人的誘導(dǎo)下為了追求金錢(qián)收益捕殺青蛙，結(jié)果破壞了生態(tài)平衡。意識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題后，他們及時(shí)停止了捕殺，重新回到了寧?kù)o的鄉(xiāng)村生活。1C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段中有“The

21、 people were poor.However, they were not unhappy.”和C項(xiàng)意思一致。2A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“This seemed like money for nothing.”句中for nothing 是“免費(fèi)的”意思，說(shuō)明青蛙容易得到，并能賺到錢(qián)，村民才答應(yīng)賣(mài)。3B推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“They had been doing an important jobeating insects. Now with so many frogs killed, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They

22、 were damaging the crops and spreading diseases.”可以推斷出莊稼收成不好，孩子生病與青蛙減少、害蟲(chóng)增多有關(guān)。4C推理判斷題。最后一句說(shuō)明人們過(guò)度捕殺造成生態(tài)失衡，由此也影響了人類(lèi)，因此，可以推斷人與自然的和諧是重要的。(三)We produce 500 billion of plastic bags in a year worldwide and they are thrown away polluting oceans，killing wildlife and getting dumped in landfills where they tak

23、e up to 1000 years to decompose. Researchers have been unsuccessfully looking for a solution.The 16yearold Canadian high school student，Daniel Burd, from Waterloo Collegiate Institute, has discovered a way to make plastic bags degrade(分解) in as few as 3 months，a finding that won him first prize at t

24、he CanadaWide Science Fair，a $10 000 prize，a $20 000 scholarship, and a chance to revolutionize a major environmental issue.Burds strategy was simple: Since plastic does eventually degrade, it must be eaten by microorganisms (微生物). If those microorganisms could be identified, we could put them to wo

25、rk eating the plastic much faster than under normal conditions.With this goal in mind, he ground plastic bags into a powder and concocted(調(diào)制) a solution of household chemicals, yeast(酵母) and tap water to encourage microbes growth. Then he added the plastic powder and let the microbes work their magi

26、c for 3 months. Finally，he tested the resulting bacterial culture on plastic bags，exposing one plastic sample to dead bacteria as a control. Sure enough, the plastic exposed (暴露) to the live bacteria was 17% lighter than the control after six weeks.The inputs are cheap：maintaining the required tempe

27、rature takes little energy because microbes produce heat as they work, and the only outputs are water and tiny levels of carbon dioxide.“Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door, I have piles of plastic bags falling on top of me. One day, I got tired of it and I wanted t

28、o know what other people are doing with these plastic bags. The answer：not much. So I decided to do something myself.”said Daniel Burd.1. Daniel Burd won first prize at the CanadaWide Science Fair because_. A. he found a new kind of microorganism B. he contributed much to environmental protection C.

29、 he found a way to degrade plastics in shorter time D. he could encourage microbes growth in an easier way2. Daniel Burd exposed one plastic sample to dead bacteria to _. A. make the live bacteria work better B. test how effective his method was C. know which bacteria worked faster D. control the te

30、mperature in the process3. Maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because _. A. plastics can get hot easily B. microbes can produce heat themselves C. much carbon dioxide is produced D. the temperature can be controlled4. Daniel Burd got his idea from _. A. his school textbook B. t

31、he failure of researchers C. his everyday work D. the practice of other people答案與解析1C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第二段可知，他因發(fā)現(xiàn)短時(shí)間降解塑料袋的方法而獲獎(jiǎng)，故答案選C項(xiàng)。2B推理判斷題。從文章第四段中的“.exposing one plastic sample to dead bacteria as a control”可推斷，他這樣做的目的在于測(cè)試他的方法是否有效，所以答案為B項(xiàng)。3B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“maintaining the required temperature takes litt

32、le energy because microbes produce heat as they work”可知答案選B項(xiàng)。4C推理判斷題。從文章最后一段丹尼爾伯德說(shuō)的話(huà)可推知，他是從每天的工作中得到啟發(fā)的，故答案選C項(xiàng)。(四)There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years，and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in t

33、he future. Some of the worlds leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.LondonLondons flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水閘)has protected the city from the threat of flooding，but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or th

34、ree years. About 21 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals，an airport and 80 bill

35、ion worth of property in Londons flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.ParisOver a sixweek period in July and August 2008，more than 11400mainly elderly peopledied in France from dehydration (脫水) and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar i

36、ntensity(強(qiáng)度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?One solution is to have airconditioners installed in elderly care homes. But this is considered a shortterm solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases ca

37、rbon emissions.In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower”， which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural airconditioner.ShanghaiShanghai is the fastest growing city on Earth. It has a population of 18 million a

38、nd is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.An estimated 250,000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption. China relies heavily on coalfired power stations, but these emissions increas

39、e temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Big Cities Facing Big Disasters B. Big Disasters in the Future C. The Increase of Natural Disasters D. Solutions to Natural Disasters2. What problem should be settled now in London? A. How to protect the citys property. B. Wher