專業(yè)采礦詞匯

1、精選文檔采礦工程專業(yè)英語詞匯手冊(cè)（Glossary of Special English in Mining Engineering ）采礦工程專業(yè)內(nèi)部講義二零零七年三月ContentChapter 3 .1 Mining method1Chapter 3 .2 Mine Preplanning2Chapter 3.3 Mine development4Chapter 4.1 Walling system introduction5Chapter 4.2 Ground control6Chapter 4 .3 Roof support system8Chapter 4.4 Longwall c

2、oal-getting machine8Chapter 4.5 Conveying system9Chapter 4.6 Ventilation system11Chapter 5 Pillar system12Chapter 6 Roadway excavation and support14Chapter 7 Novel mining methods18Chapter 3 .1 Mining methodmining method 采礦方法；mining operation 采礦作業(yè)； transportation 運(yùn)輸；ventilation 通風(fēng)；ground control 頂板管理

3、；the cost of per ton of coal 噸煤成本；recovery 回采率；subside v. àsubsidence n.地表沉陷；subsidence control 地表沉陷把握cover 掩蓋層；overburden 上覆地層；immediate roof 直接頂；floor 底板；dip （Pitch） 傾角；hardness 硬度；strength 強(qiáng)度；cleavage 解理； gas，methane 瓦斯daily operation 日常工作single operation 單一工序 unit operation 單元作業(yè)auxiliary op

4、eration幫助作業(yè)cutting n. 切割，掏槽；blasting n. 爆破loading n. 裝煤haul v. 運(yùn)輸，搬運(yùn)drainage n.排水power n. 動(dòng)力 power Supply 動(dòng)力供應(yīng)communication n. 通訊lighting n.照明。disruption in production 停產(chǎn)；reduction in production 減產(chǎn)；compromise 折衷room and pillar 房柱式by far 到目前為止in common with 和一樣underground mining 井工開采outcrop 露頭，露出地面的巖

5、層；crosscut 聯(lián)絡(luò)巷、石門；drift 平硐；entry 平巷；development stage 開拓階段；production stage 生產(chǎn)階段；face 工作面。continuous miner 連續(xù)采煤機(jī)；haulage capacity 運(yùn)輸力量；main entry 主巷。barrier pillar 隔離煤柱；butt entry 區(qū)段平巷；property line 礦井邊界線。shearer 滾筒采煤機(jī)planer，Plow 刨煤機(jī)surface mining 露天開采auger mining 螺旋鉆開采rapid excavation 快速掘進(jìn) hydrauli

6、c mining 水力采礦underground gasification 地下氣化 ocean mining 海洋采礦Chapter 3 .2 Mine PreplanningHercules【希、羅神】赫爾克里斯, 大力神-> Herculean, adj. 力氣極大的；需要大力氣的。herculean effort 巨大的努力inadequacy n.不足，缺乏。transportation facility 運(yùn)輸設(shè)備inflationary adj. 通貨膨脹的,通貨膨脹引起的<-inflation n.脹大, 通貨膨脹, (物價(jià))暴漲<-inflate v 膨脹，充

7、氣。inflationary process 通貨膨脹過程drive up 抬高，提高 drive into 掘進(jìn)到be faced with 面臨monumental adj. 用以加強(qiáng)語氣格外的, 極端的<-monument n.紀(jì)念碑coal reserve 煤炭?jī)?chǔ)量electromechanical adj. 機(jī)電的 ß electro(電子的)+mechanical(機(jī)械的)electromechanical mine operation 礦井機(jī)電作業(yè)staff v. 雇用，聘用season v 適用，適應(yīng)coordinate n. 坐標(biāo)。v. （使）相互協(xié)作，（使）

8、協(xié)調(diào)， 調(diào)整。a multitude（n. 多數(shù)，多量） of 大量capital investment 基本建設(shè)投資。foremost 最主要的，最重要的，1Billion = 1，000，000，000 即10億。Mt metric ton 公噸。453.5Mt = 500 million tonsè 0.907Mt = 1 million tonput into operation 投產(chǎn)，投入使用raise 籌集the life of the property 礦產(chǎn)/井的使用年限。commercial value 市場(chǎng)價(jià)值，商業(yè)價(jià)值。for convenience 為了便利其見

9、minability 可采性marketability 適銷性，可銷性coal reserve 煤礦nominal，名義上的,微小的。option 買賣選擇權(quán),優(yōu)先購買權(quán)enter upon 開頭preliminary examination 初步調(diào)查operating mine 生產(chǎn)礦井to the extent that 達(dá)到這種程度以致. ；就.來說；在.方面來說；adjacent to 鄰近的surface topography 地面地形，表面地形coalfield 煤田measure 層組coal-bearing measure含煤地層feature 特征；地貌。structural

10、 feature 構(gòu)造特征surface improvement 地面上的改造tilled area 耕地reservoir 水庫power line 電力線，輸電線reservation n.保留地；自然愛護(hù)區(qū)on record n.留有記錄的,記錄在案的preferred 優(yōu)先 選用的，首選的traverse 導(dǎo)線。traverse with compass 羅盤定位。system surveying 系統(tǒng)測(cè)量sampling 采樣have a bearing on 對(duì)有影響，與.有關(guān)available 有效的，可用的pricing schedule 定價(jià)方案preparation tre

11、atment 洗選加工selective adj.有選擇性的,選擇的a master plan of operation 總體生產(chǎn)方案。serve as 用作，作為，起到作用。basis 基礎(chǔ)，依據(jù)，依據(jù)since 引導(dǎo)緣由狀語從句justify 調(diào)整，證明，證明是正確的，prospecting 勘探drilling pattern 鉆孔布置，鉆孔圖式basic map 底圖，基本地圖log sheet 鉆孔柱狀圖tabular adj. <=tabletabular record 表格記錄operating management經(jīng)營(yíng)管理部門，經(jīng)營(yíng)管理life expectancy 預(yù)期

12、使用年限，使用壽命delivery of supplies 材料供應(yīng)estimate of the cost 成本估量sales department 銷售部門Chapter 3.3 Mine developmentportal 井筒expected life of the mine 礦井的設(shè)計(jì)使用年限r(nóng)ail haulage 軌道運(yùn)輸as well as 即又be of n. 具有（性質(zhì)）drift 平硐shaft 立井，豎井slope 斜井main shaft主立井a(chǎn)uxiliary shaft 副立井a(chǎn)ir shaft風(fēng)井transfer house 中轉(zhuǎn)煤倉headframe 井架ho

13、ist house 提升機(jī)房，絞車房skip 箕斗cage 罐籠car dump 卸煤設(shè)備storage bin 井底煤倉deplete 耗盡、衰竭whetheror是還是pressure drop 壓降net effect 凈效應(yīng)，有效效應(yīng)，實(shí)際結(jié)果capital cost 基建費(fèi)用Chapter 4.1 Walling system introductionworking face 工作面coalface：采煤工作面interconnection：切眼panel entry：區(qū)段平巷gate entry：工作面順槽head gate：區(qū)段皮帶巷，運(yùn)輸巷tail gate：區(qū)段軌道巷，回風(fēng)巷

14、headentry：工作面運(yùn)輸巷（下順槽）tailentry：工作面回風(fēng)巷（上順槽）bleeder entry：區(qū)段回風(fēng)巷cross-cut：聯(lián)絡(luò)巷gob, goaf：采空區(qū)end：端頭Longwall mining 長(zhǎng)壁采礦法Shortwall mining 短壁采礦法pillar system. 柱式系統(tǒng)longwall mining on strike 走向長(zhǎng)壁采煤方法mining in advance / wall advancing mining 前進(jìn)式采煤方法mining in retreat / wall retreating mining 后退式采煤方法inclined lon

15、gwall mining 傾斜長(zhǎng)壁開采underhand mining 俯采overhand mining 仰采Coal mining machine, coal-getting machine 采煤機(jī)； Shearer，滾筒采煤機(jī) Plow，planer 刨煤機(jī)Face conveyor 工作面運(yùn)輸機(jī) Pan line,”溜子” Chain conveyor 鏈?zhǔn)竭\(yùn)輸機(jī) Scraper chain conveyor 刮板輸送機(jī) Armored chain conveyor 鎧裝運(yùn)輸機(jī)Roof support system：頂板支護(hù)系統(tǒng) Friction props：摩擦支柱 Friction

16、 metal props：摩擦支柱 Hydraulic prop：液壓支柱 Single/Individual hydraulic prop 單體液壓支柱Hydraulic powered self-advanced support：液壓自移式支架roof support 頂板支架stage loader：轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)panel belt conveyor 區(qū)段皮帶運(yùn)輸機(jī)electrical control 電力把握裝置/設(shè)備hydraulic pump 液壓泵站blast mining technology 爆破采煤工藝conventionally mechanized mining techno

17、logy 一般機(jī)械化采煤fully mechanized mining technology 綜合機(jī)械化采煤fully mechanized mining with sublevel caving technology 綜采放頂煤方法Chapter 4.2 Ground control 工作面四周地層：Overlying strata 上覆地層：Main roof 老頂，基本頂Immediate roof 直接頂Gob采空區(qū)-Facerib（煤壁）Floor 底板Underlying strata下伏地層Ground control頂板處理方式：（1）Caving；（2）Pack。Stable

18、 切口，機(jī)窩dead work 預(yù)備工作，非生產(chǎn)性工作。Mobile belt conveyor 可移式膠帶運(yùn)輸機(jī)No exception 無一例外regular maintenance n.日常修理,定期檢修D(zhuǎn)owntime 停工期(由于損壞、修理等緣由造成的停機(jī)時(shí)間),停工時(shí)間,停機(jī)時(shí)間Clearance 空隙Immediate area of the face：工作面的直接區(qū)域Rib line 煤壁線，腰線heading 掘進(jìn)頭，平巷up to dip 沿傾斜上行Compression strength 壓縮強(qiáng)度Underlying strata 下伏地層bed separation 離

19、層On strike 沿走向Rad radian，弧度Cleat 解理Hold true 有效，適用Half butt cutting 半垂直切割A(yù)ngle of attack 沖角virgin conditions 原始條件；Harder roof strataSofter coal seamuniformly distributed stress，the overburden weightHarder floor stratainduced by mining 采動(dòng)引起的Stress distribution 應(yīng)力分布Deflect 偏斜，偏轉(zhuǎn)，撓曲，下垂Cave in 冒頂，垮落Fron

20、t abutment pressure 前方支承壓力Side abutment pressure 側(cè)向支承壓力Rear abutment pressure 后方支承壓力前方支承壓力：分布范圍：150m first felt/occur消滅，有反應(yīng)，有感應(yīng)；4560m pick up slightly略有增長(zhǎng)，略有加速；1521m increase rapidly快速增長(zhǎng)；1.5-5m支承壓力峰值 peak abutment pressuremagnitude of the peak abutment pressure峰值大?。?.5-5 overburdern weight后方壓力：verti

21、cal pressureface area：far below the cover loadgob area：gradually increaseat last：the cover load范圍：0.3-0.4 the overburden thickness.No abutment pressureSide abutmentFirst felt：At the same time as the front abutment pressure范圍：from the rib to 1/3 or 1/4 hlargest at the ribside, decrease exponentially

22、with distance from ribposition of peak pressure：0.015h Magnitude depend on the thickness and length of the immediate roof hanging in the gob.Gob area 采空區(qū) 穩(wěn)定-àslip, sag, separate-àcave inFace area 工作面區(qū) Support the immediate roofSolid coal 實(shí)體煤Chapter 4 .3 Roof support systemFace-to-gob dista

23、nce 控頂距，工作面到采空區(qū)的距離。Yield pressure 屈服壓力support resistance 支架阻力Face-to-tip distance 端面距Precut 預(yù)切割Frames 節(jié)式支架Stroke 行程Chock support 垛式支架Double-acting ram 雙作用千斤頂 Web cut 截深Shields 掩護(hù)式支架Double link 雙鍵Lemniscate 雙紐線，四聯(lián)桿Roof canopy 頂梁Chock-Shield支撐掩護(hù)式支架leg，prop 立柱 canopy 頂梁 forward canopy 前梁 rear canopy 尾梁

24、 caving shield 掩護(hù)梁 flipper，spauling shield 護(hù)幫板 slider, jack board 插板 ram ，cylinder，jack 千斤頂 hose 油管 emulsion 乳化液 valve 閥 support yielding 支架卸載 Chapter 4.4 Longwall coal-getting machineminer，mining machine 采煤機(jī) continuous miner 連續(xù)采煤機(jī) shearer 滾筒采煤機(jī) motor 電動(dòng)機(jī)、馬達(dá) electric motor 電機(jī) haulage gearcase 牽引部 ge

25、arhead 傳動(dòng)部 cutter drum gearcase 滾筒截割部 bedplate 底盤、底座 control unit 把握裝置 chain 鏈條 reducing gear box 減速箱 pillboard 擋煤板 cowl 擋煤板 bit 截齒 drum 滾筒 ranging-arm 搖臂 gear 齒輪 track 軌道 gear track 齒軌 gearcase n.齒輪箱Rotor 轉(zhuǎn)子Chapter 4.5 Conveying systemflexible flight conveyor / face chain conveyor 工作面可彎曲刮板輸送機(jī) main

26、components 主要部件drive head機(jī)頭部 electric motor電動(dòng)機(jī) Hydraulic coupling液力聯(lián)軸器speed reducer減速器 chain wheel / sprocket鏈輪 drive head frame機(jī)頭架 middle sections中間部 line pan溜槽 flight / scraper刮板 link chain刮板鏈 endless chain無極鏈 機(jī)尾部 tail end機(jī)尾架 Drive end frame鏈輪 sprocket附屬裝置 auxiliary drives/units擋煤板 spillboard / sp

27、ill plate (cowl 罩，外殼)鏟煤板 ramp plate千斤頂 jackchain drive鏈?zhǔn)絺鲃?dòng)： classification according to chain arrangement雙邊鏈 double strand outboard chain三鏈 triple strand chain單中鏈 single middle chain雙中鏈 double middle chain新型刮板輸送機(jī)側(cè)卸式 side-loading fight conveyor垂直轉(zhuǎn)彎式 roller-curve fight conveyor轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)Transfer conveyorA sh

28、ort heavy flexible flight conveyor橋式轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī) （bridge ） stage loader區(qū)段皮帶輸送機(jī)Main components 皮帶 belt托輥 roller 支撐托輥 supporting roller機(jī)架 frame傳動(dòng)裝置 drive unit電動(dòng)機(jī) electric motor聯(lián)軸器 coupling減速器 speed reducer滾筒 drum 卸載滾筒 unloaded drum 機(jī)尾導(dǎo)向滾筒 tail guide drum 拉緊滾筒 take-up drum 機(jī)尾導(dǎo)向滾筒guide drum拉緊裝置 take-up units制動(dòng)裝置

29、Braking devices采區(qū)運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)：上山 rise 下山 dipDip angle 15° belt conveyor15°Dip angle25° chain conveyorDip angle25° ceramic conveyor水平運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)水平運(yùn)輸大巷 horizontal haulage entrybelt conveyor礦車 trolley wagons機(jī)車 locomotive電力機(jī)車 trolley locomotive 蓄電池機(jī)車 battery locomotive礦車 wagon固定箱式礦車Fixed box wagonT

30、ipping bucket wagonFront unloading wagon 底卸式礦車Bottom-dump wagon立井提升系統(tǒng) 礦井提升系統(tǒng)Mine hoist system提升機(jī)Engine hoist 鋼絲繩 wire rope天輪 head sheave（n.滑輪）箕斗 skip幫助運(yùn)輸 auxiliary transportationTransportation of material, equipment, waste and personnel 材料、設(shè)備、矸石、人員副井Auxiliary shaftSimilar to main shaft罐籠Cagehoist co

31、ntainer斜井Slope In the slope, material and equipment are usually transported by direct rope hoist and endless rope hoist. While the waste is transported by skip and train according to the dip angle. The personnel are transported by a special man-car in the slope.水平運(yùn)輸大巷 horizontal haulage entryElectri

32、c locomotive haul the wagons to transport material, equipment, waste.Electric locomotive haul the special man-cars to transport miners.采區(qū)上下山 district rise and dip 1）有極繩提升Direct rope hoist dip angle：8-22鋼絲繩的一端與礦車相連，通過絞車（winch）放出和收回。2）無極繩提升Endless rope hoist dip angle：10區(qū)段運(yùn)輸Tail entry：wagons wire rope

33、Overhead monorail 單軌吊 Overhead endless rope hoistTransfer conveyor 轉(zhuǎn)載運(yùn)輸機(jī)Stage loader 橋式轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)Roller curve conveyor 滾軸轉(zhuǎn)彎運(yùn)輸機(jī)Chapter 4.6 Ventilation system風(fēng)機(jī)：Ventilation fan回風(fēng)井：Return shaft進(jìn)風(fēng)井：Intake shaftWorking faceIntake working回風(fēng)巷道：Return roadway新穎風(fēng)：Fresh airAir flow乏風(fēng)：Dirty air回風(fēng)系統(tǒng)：抽出式通風(fēng)：Exhaust vent

34、ilation負(fù)壓 negative pressure壓入式通風(fēng)：Forced ventilation正壓 Positive pressure風(fēng)機(jī)類型：離心式風(fēng)機(jī)：Centrifugal fan；軸流式風(fēng)機(jī)：Axial flow fan。通風(fēng)設(shè)施：Ventilating structures風(fēng)墻：Ventilation wall風(fēng)門：Air door風(fēng)橋：Air bridgeAir regulator防塵、滅塵：Dust suppressionwater spray 灑水，mist spray 噴霧固定滾筒雙向截割采煤機(jī) fixed-drum bi-directional shearer單滾筒

35、可調(diào)高采煤機(jī) single-drum ranging-arm shearer雙滾筒可調(diào)高采煤機(jī) double-dram ranging-arm shearer礦井瓦斯：mine gas瓦斯：gas，methane，firedampAll hazardous gases in underground coal mines, its major component is CH4.Colorless, odorless, nonpoisonous, Combustible.Its density is less than that of the air, so it often accumulate

36、s near the roof.Gas/methane control瓦斯把握Gassy mine 高瓦斯礦井Chapter 5 Pillar systemTwo distinct phases of operation：First rooms and pillars are developed in a section.The second is mining pillars.Two basic mining methods:Conventional mining method.一般采煤方法Cutting 掏槽 at the bottom of the coal seam a horizon

37、tal slot is 6-9 inch, 5-7feet deepDrilling 鉆眼 the optimum number and location of boreholes coal fragments after blasting neither too big nor too small for efficient loading.Blasting 爆破 explosives are loaded into each borehole and detonated n.起爆Loading 裝煤 shuttle caràsection belt conveyor. Two s

38、huttle cars are used.roof bolting 頂板錨桿支護(hù)為了充分發(fā)揮設(shè)備和人員的力量，至少同時(shí)掘進(jìn)5個(gè)平行的巷道。由于生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)多、分散，漸漸被連續(xù)采煤方法取代。Continuous mining method.連續(xù)采煤方法I continuous miner shuttle car 連續(xù)采煤機(jī)梭車工藝 section belt conveyor roof bolting 間斷運(yùn)輸工藝II continuous miner (intermediate) conveyors 連續(xù)采煤機(jī)輸送機(jī)工藝 section belt conveyor roof bolting連續(xù)的運(yùn)輸

39、工藝Pillar recovery 回收煤柱There are three methods of extracting pillars, open-end method, pocket and wing method and splitting method.open-end method 開端式pocket and wing method 袋翼式splitting 劈柱式pillaràblocksàlifts/slices 煤柱塊切塊Coal property 煤礦Area 盤區(qū)Set of entries 巷道群Engineer vt.設(shè)計(jì)Slough 脫落，剝落，碎落

40、；崩落，坍塌，滑坍Crush 壓碎A function of 是的函數(shù)，隨而變。Relative strength 相對(duì)強(qiáng)度Clearance 凈空Block of coalRoom workCutting consequence 切割挨次Face mining cycle 工作面開采循環(huán)Mining practice 開采Colloquial kE5lEukwiEl adj.口語的, 通俗的Dictate 規(guī)定，制定Outline 形成輪廓Incorporate as Ample 充分的，豐富的solid workchain pillar 巷道煤柱lessen 削減，減輕lift 小煤塊、s

41、lice 切塊physical condition n.實(shí)際條件post 柱子，支柱stump 煤柱slab 平板fender 煤柱，窄煤柱hand loading 人工裝載common practice 慣例concurrently n.同時(shí)發(fā)生地,并行地in place 就地，原地；在地層內(nèi)ride over 騎馬來，跨在上masonry n.磚石工程,磚石建筑 砌筑。Masonry stopping 砌筑風(fēng)墻Canvas stopping 帆布風(fēng)簾Line Brattice 縱向風(fēng)障Loading station 裝車點(diǎn)Chapter 6 Roadway excavation and s

42、upport1 Roadway section巷道斷面掘進(jìn) drive, tunnel, excavate平巷掘進(jìn)Drifting 巷道掘進(jìn) roadway excavation平巷掘進(jìn) n. drifting沉井，鑿井 n. sinking上山掘進(jìn) n. raising下山掘進(jìn) n. 1）The shape of roadway section斷面外形巷道斷面外形主要取決于地層條件、服務(wù)年限和支護(hù)材料。The shape of roadway section depends mainly on strata conditions，the serving life and supporting

43、 materials.井筒Shaft , circular大巷Main entry , arched, horseshoe 上山 rise, ladder-shaped, trapezoidal順槽Gateway , ladder-shaped, trapezoidal2）The size of roadway section斷面尺寸巷道斷面尺寸主要取決于巷道的用途。The size of roadway section depends mainly on its use.它取決于運(yùn)輸或提升設(shè)備或其它設(shè)備的尺寸，還要依據(jù)通風(fēng)要求對(duì)巷道斷面尺寸加以修改。It is dependent on ha

44、ulage or hoisting equipment or other devices used，and it is modified according to the ventilation requirement.凈寬，net width；凈高 net height；凈斷面面積 net section area。2 Roadway excavation in rocks巖巷掘進(jìn)炮掘，爆破掘進(jìn)：blasting excavation裝巖，除渣：mucking掘進(jìn)工藝包括主要作業(yè)和幫助作業(yè)，其中主要作業(yè)包括破巖、裝巖、運(yùn)輸、支護(hù)，幫助作業(yè)包括通風(fēng)、鋪設(shè)軌道、挖掘排水溝、鋪設(shè)管線等等。The

45、excavation technique consists of main operations including breaking, loading, haulage and support, and auxiliary work including ventilation, laying the track, digging ditches and laying pipes etc.1）Breaking 破巖打眼放炮是目前應(yīng)用最廣泛的破巖方法。Drilling and blasting is the most widely used method of rock breaking at

46、present.（1）drillingDrill n. 鉆機(jī)氣動(dòng)輕型鉆機(jī)，風(fēng)鉆Air-jackleg 氣腿式鉆機(jī)Air-jack leg drill 架式鉆機(jī)Drifter 鉆車，鑿巖臺(tái)車 Jumbo, drill carriage濕式鉆進(jìn) Wet drilling干式鉆進(jìn) Dry drilling鉆孔 borehole（2）Blasting 爆破炸藥：Explosive裝藥：Load explosive in the borehole, charge起爆：detonateà雷管：detonator；電雷管：electric detonator炮眼布置方式：drilling patt

47、ern掏槽眼：cut hole幫助眼：auxiliary hole周邊眼：trim hole頂眼：roof hole 幫眼：flank hole底眼：Bottom hole起爆挨次：firing sequenceCutàauxiliaryàroof & flankàbottomThe type of explosive used, rock properties, and method of loading and sequence of firing the holes, affect hole depth, diameter, alignment an

48、d spacing. 接受的炸藥的類型、巖石的特性、裝巖方法、各個(gè)鉆孔的起爆挨次，這些都影響著鉆孔深度、直徑、排列和間距的確定。A blast round consists of cut, relief, breast, and trim holes.一個(gè)爆破炮眼組包括掏槽眼、幫助眼、壓眼和邊界眼。2）Excavation face ventilation 掘進(jìn)面通風(fēng)Fan 風(fēng)機(jī)Air pipe 風(fēng)筒3）loading and haulage 裝巖和運(yùn)輸鏟斗裝巖機(jī)Shovel mucker 耙斗裝巖機(jī)Scraper mucker 機(jī)車礦車Locomotive wagons4）support 支

49、護(hù)3 Roadway excavation in coals煤巷掘進(jìn)1）conventional excavation of coal drift 傳統(tǒng)的煤層平巷掘進(jìn)法Breaking is by means of drilling and blasting.手持式電鉆：handheld electric drillloading:hand loading 人工裝煤scraper mucker：耙斗裝煤機(jī)coal loader：裝煤機(jī)扒抓，蟹抓2 gathering-arms刮板輸送機(jī)：1 scraper conveyor2）綜掘 fully mechanized excavation（1）g

50、ateway machine 平巷掘進(jìn)機(jī)組成：掘進(jìn)頭，（boom） cutterhead，cutting head裝煤裝置：loading mechanism扒抓，蟹抓gathering-arm刮板輸送機(jī)：scraper conveyorhaulage：皮帶輸送機(jī)：belt stage-loader mechanism履帶行走裝置：crawler travel mechanism支撐千斤頂：supporting cylinders，用來固定機(jī)器other cylinders，control cutterhead 液控箱hydraulic control box操作：操作時(shí)，首先驅(qū)動(dòng)履帶行走裝置

51、，使得切削頭遇到煤壁；然后，伸長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)向千斤頂和后部千斤頂，支撐到巷道上；這樣就固定住了掘進(jìn)機(jī)。然后，切割頭在掘進(jìn)面底部的一側(cè)鉆入煤壁。操作水平搖擺千斤頂，使切割頭割到底部的另外一側(cè)，這就在掘進(jìn)面底部完成了一刀作業(yè)。操作升降千斤頂，使切割頭向上割肯定距離（切割頭的直徑），然后用相同的方法再割其次刀。執(zhí)行這個(gè)循環(huán)作業(yè)，直到割完整個(gè)斷面。平巷掘進(jìn)機(jī)可以掘出任何外形和尺寸的斷面，如圓形、馬蹄形、拱形和長(zhǎng)方形。Gateway machine can excavate any size and shape of cross section: circular, horseshoe, arched and rectangular.（2）continuous miner 連續(xù)采煤機(jī)roof bolter 錨桿安裝機(jī)，錨桿機(jī)。The roof bolter is a rubber-tired vehicle used to drill and insert bolts into the roof to support it.錨桿機(jī)是一個(gè)用來打錨桿眼安裝錨桿來支護(hù)頂板的機(jī)器，它是用膠輪行走的。4 Roadwa