泌尿系統(tǒng)詞匯urinary system.doc (98.5k)

1、泌尿系統(tǒng)urinary system泌尿生殖系統(tǒng)的解剖促紅細(xì)胞生成素epo,erythropoietin腎素rennin羥膽鈣化醇1，25-hydroxycholecalciferol第一節(jié)腎一、 腎的形態(tài)腎kidney內(nèi)側(cè)緣medial border腎門renal hilum腎蒂renal pedicle腎竇renal sinus二、 腎的位置與毗鄰腎區(qū)renal region三、 腎的被膜肌織膜 muscular tunica纖維囊fibrous capsule脂肪囊fatty renal capsule腎筋膜renal fascia腎前筋膜prerenal fascia腎后2筋膜retr

2、orenal fascia腎下垂nephroptosis四、 腎的結(jié)構(gòu)腎皮質(zhì)renal cortex腎髓質(zhì)renal medulla腎小體renal corpuscles腎小管renal tubulus腎錐體renal pyramid腎乳頭renal papillae腎小盞minor renal calices乳頭孔papillary foramina腎柱renal column腎大盞major renal calices腎盂renal pelvis五、 腎段血管與腎段睪丸動脈testicular artery腎上腺中動脈middle suprarenal artery腎上腺動脈suprare

3、nal artery腎上腺靜脈suprarenal vein 腎靜脈renal vein腎動脈renal artery腎段動脈segmental artery腎段renal segment泛血管帶zone devoid of vessel六、 腎的畸形與異常馬蹄腎多囊腎polycystic kidney雙腎盂及雙輸尿管單腎低位腎七、 腎移植的解剖學(xué)基礎(chǔ)Murray(1956年)第二節(jié)、輸尿管ureter輸尿管腹部abdominal part of the ureter輸尿管盆部pelvic part of the ureter輸尿管壁內(nèi)部intramural part of the urete

4、r輸尿管全程3處狹窄：上狹窄superior stricture中狹窄middle stricture下狹窄inferior stricture第三節(jié)、膀胱u(yù)rinary bladder膀胱的形態(tài)：膀胱尖apex of bladder臍正中韌帶median umbilical ligament膀胱底fundus of bladder膀胱體body of bladder膀胱頸neck of bladder前列腺底base of prostate gland(male男性)盆膈pelvic diaphragm(female女性)膀胱的內(nèi)面結(jié)構(gòu)膀胱襞vesical plica輸尿管口ureteric

5、 orifice尿道內(nèi)口internal urethral orifice輸尿管間襞interureteric fold膀胱三角trigone of bladder膀胱垂vesical uvula膀胱的位置和毗鄰urinary incontinence膀胱前隙prevesical space恥骨前列腺韌帶pubicoprostatic ligament靜脈叢venous plexus直腸膀胱筋膜rectovesical fascia盆腔pelvic cavity膀胱脫垂cystoptosis尿失禁urinary incontinence第四節(jié)、尿道女性尿道female urethra尿道內(nèi)口i

6、nternal urethral orifice尿道外口external urethral orifice尿道旁腺skeins gland生殖系統(tǒng)reproductive system第一節(jié)、男性內(nèi)生殖器一、 睪丸testis白膜 tunica albuginea睪丸縱膈mediastinum testis睪丸小隔septula testis睪丸小葉lobules of testis精曲小管contorted seminiferous tubules精直小管straight seminiferous輸出小管efferent ductules of testis二、 附睪epididymis三、

7、 輸精管和射精管輸精管ductus deferens輸精管壺腹ampulla ductus deferentis精索spermatic cord射精管ejaculatory duct四、 精囊seminal vesicle五、 前列腺prostate六、 尿道球腺bulbourethral gland七、 精液spermatic fluid第二節(jié)、男性外生殖器一、 陰囊scrotum肉膜dartos coat陰囊中隔septum of scrotum睪丸鞘膜tunica vaginalis of testis精索外筋膜external spermatic fascia提睪肌cremaster精

8、索內(nèi)筋膜internal spermatic fascia睪丸鞘膜鞘膜腔vaginal cavity二、 陰莖penis陰莖頭glans penis尿道外口external orifice of urethra陰莖海綿體cavernous body of penis尿道海綿體cavernous body of urethra尿道球bulb of urethra陰莖包皮prepuce of penis包皮系帶frenulum of prepuce陰莖懸韌帶suspensory ligament of penis男性尿道m(xù)ale urethra前列腺部prostatic part尿道嵴 ureth

9、ral crest精阜seminal colliculus前列腺小囊prostatic utricle膜部membranous part海綿體部cavernous part尿道舟狀窩navicular fossa of urethra第二節(jié)、女性內(nèi)生殖器卵巢ovary卵巢門hilum of ovary卵巢的固定裝置卵巢懸韌帶suspensory ligament of ovary卵巢固有韌帶proper ligament of ovary輸卵管uterine tube輸卵管子宮口uterine orifice of uterine tube輸卵管腹腔口abdominal orifice of

10、uterine tube輸卵管峽isthmus of uterine tube輸卵管壺腹ampulla of uterine tube輸卵管漏斗infundibulum of uterine tube輸卵管傘fimbriae of uterine tube卵巢傘ovarian fimbria子宮uterus子宮形態(tài)子宮底fundus of uterus子宮頸neck of uterus子宮陰道部vaginal part of cervix子宮陰道上部supravaginal part of cervix子宮體body of uterus子宮角horn of uterus子宮峽isthmus o

11、f uterus子宮腔cavity of uterus子宮頸管canal of cervix of uterus子宮口orifice of uterus子宮位置膀胱子宮陷凹vesicouterine pouch直腸子宮陷凹rectouterine pouch子宮固定裝置子宮闊韌帶broad ligament of uterus子宮圓韌帶round ligament of uterus子宮主韌帶cardinal ligament of uterus子宮骶韌帶uterosacral ligament直腸子宮襞rectouterine fold陰道vagina陰道口vaginal orifice處女

12、膜hymen陰道穹fornix of vagina前庭大腺greater vestibular gland(bartholin腺)會陰perineum尿生殖區(qū)urogenital region肛區(qū)anal region肛提肌levator ani尾骨肌coccygeus肛門外括約肌sphincter ani externus尿生殖三角的肌淺層肌會陰淺橫肌superficial transverse muscle of perineum球海綿體肌bulbocavernosus會陰中心腱(會陰體)perineal central tendon(perineal body)坐骨海綿體肌ischioc

13、avernosus深層肌會陰深橫肌deep transverse muscle of perineum尿道括約肌sphincter of urethra尿道陰道括約肌urethrovaginal sphincter會陰筋膜坐骨肛門窩ischioanal fossa會陰淺筋膜(colles筋膜)superficial fascia of perineum盆膈下筋膜inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm盆膈上筋膜superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm盆膈pelvic diaphragm尿生殖膈下筋膜inferior fascia of

14、 urogenital diaphragm尿生殖膈上筋膜superior fascia of urogenital diaphragm會陰淺隙superficial perineal space會陰深隙deep perineal space泌尿系統(tǒng)的外科疾病第五十一章 泌尿、男生殖系統(tǒng)外科檢查和診斷第一節(jié)主要癥狀疼痛1、 腎和輸尿管痛2、 膀胱痛3、 前列腺痛4、 陰囊痛排尿改變1、 尿頻frequency2、 尿急urgency3、 尿痛dysuria4、 排尿困難difficulty of urination排尿躊躇urinary hesitancy費(fèi)力straining尿線無力decre

15、ased force of urination滴瀝dribbling5、 尿流中斷interruption of urinary stream6、 尿潴留urinary retention7、 尿失禁incontinence8、 遺尿enuresis尿液改變1、 尿量2、 混濁尿晶體尿crystalluria磷酸鹽尿phosphaturia膿尿pyuria乳糜尿chyluria3、 氣尿pneumaturia4、 血尿hematuria肉眼血尿gross hematuria鏡下血尿microscopic hematuria初始血尿initial hematuria終末血尿terminal he

16、maturia全程血尿total hematuria男性性功能癥狀勃起功能障礙erectile dysfunction,ED早泄premature血精hematospermia尿道分泌物urethral discharge第二節(jié)泌尿、男性生殖系統(tǒng)外科檢查體檢包莖phimosis包皮過長redundant prepuce包皮嵌頓paraphimosis實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查1、 尿細(xì)胞學(xué)urnary cytology2、 膀胱腫瘤抗原bladder tumor antigen ,BTA3、 前列腺特異性抗原prostate-specific antigen,PSA4、 流式細(xì)胞測定flour cytomet

17、ry ,FCM5、 導(dǎo)尿管urethral catheters6、 殘余尿residual urine7、 尿道探條urethral sounds8、 膀胱尿道鏡cystourethroscopy9、 輸尿管和腎鏡ureteroscopy and nephroscopy10、 尿流動力學(xué)urodynamics11、 前列腺細(xì)針穿刺活檢meedle biopsy of the prostateX檢查1、 尿路平片plain film of kidney-ureter-bladder,KUB2、 排泄性尿路造影(excretory urogram)(IVU)3、 逆行腎盂造影retrograde

18、pyelography4、 順行腎盂造影antegrade pyelography5、 膀胱造影cystography6、 血管造影angiography7、 淋巴造影8、 精道造影9、 放射性核素顯像radionuclide imaging第五十二章泌尿男生殖系統(tǒng)先性性畸行多囊腎蹄鐵形腎腎盂輸尿管連接處梗阻膀胱外翻尿道上裂尿道下裂先天性睪丸發(fā)育不全綜合征Klinefelter syndrome隱睪丸癥cryptorchidism異位睪丸ectopic testes睪丸固定術(shù)orchidopexy包皮環(huán)切術(shù)circumcision第五十三章泌尿系統(tǒng)損傷腎損傷renal trauma輸尿管損傷輸

19、尿管膀胱再吻合術(shù)ureteroneocystostomy自體腎移植autotransplantation of the kidney膀胱損傷恥骨上膀胱造瘺suprapubic cystostomy尿道損傷urethral injuries第五十四章泌尿男性生殖系統(tǒng)感染上尿路感染1、 急性腎盂腎炎acute pyelonephritis2、 腎積膿pyonephrosis3、 腎皮質(zhì)多發(fā)性膿腫4、 腎周圍炎perinephritis下尿路感染1、 急性細(xì)菌性膀胱炎acute bacterial cystitis2、 慢性細(xì)菌性膀胱炎chronic bacterial cystitis3、 尿道炎

20、urethritis淋球菌性尿道炎gonorrheal urethritis非淋菌性尿道炎男生殖系統(tǒng)感染1、 急性細(xì)菌性前列腺炎actue bacterial prostatitis2、 慢性前列腺炎chronic prostatitis前列腺痛prostatodynia3、 急性附睪炎epididymitis4、 慢性附睪炎第五十五章泌尿男生殖系統(tǒng)結(jié)核genitourinary tuberculosis鏈霉素streptomycin異煙肼isoniazid利福平rifampicin吡嗪酰胺pyrazinamide第五十六章泌尿系統(tǒng)梗阻obstruction of urinary tract腎

21、積水hydronephrosis良性前列腺增生benign prostatic hyperplasia特拉唑嗪 terazosin哌唑嗪prazosin阿夫唑嗪alfazosin多沙唑嗪doxazosin坦索羅辛tamsulosin尿潴留retention of urine尿路結(jié)石urolithiasis腎結(jié)石renal calculi輸尿管結(jié)石ureteral calculi膀胱結(jié)石vesical calculi尿道結(jié)石urethral calculi體外沖擊波碎石extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,ESWL經(jīng)皮腎鏡取石或碎石術(shù)percutaneous

22、 nephrostolithotomy ,PCNL輸尿管鏡取石或碎石術(shù)ureteroscopic lithotomy or lithotripsy腹腔鏡輸尿管取石laparoscopic ureterolithotomy原發(fā)性膀胱結(jié)石primary vesical calculi第五十八章泌尿、男生殖系統(tǒng)腫瘤腎腫瘤tumor of kidney腎癌renal carcinoma腎母細(xì)胞瘤nephroblastoma腎盂腫瘤tumor of renal pelvis膀胱腫瘤tumor of bladder前列腺癌carcinoma of prostate睪丸腫瘤tumor of testis陰莖

23、癌carcinoma of penis精原細(xì)胞瘤seminoma非精原細(xì)胞瘤unseminoma第五十九章泌尿、男生殖系統(tǒng)的其他疾病腎下垂nephroptosis腎懸固定術(shù)nephropexy精索靜脈曲張varicocle鞘膜積液hydrocele睪丸鞘膜積液testicular hydorcele精索鞘膜積液funicular hydrocele腎血管性高血壓renovascular hypertension,RVH皮質(zhì)醇癥(Cushings syndrome)ACTH 依賴性皮質(zhì)醇癥 corticotropin-dependent Cushings syndrome非ACTH 依賴性皮質(zhì)醇

24、癥 corticotropin-independent Cushings syndrome異位皮質(zhì)醇綜合征ectopic corticotropic syndrome結(jié)節(jié)性腎上腺增生 nodular adrenal hyperplasia密妥坦 mitotane,O,P-DDD氨魯米特aminoglutethimide美替拉酮metyrapone酮康唑ketoconazole賽庚啶cyproheptadine溴隱亭bromocryptine米非司酮mifepristone原發(fā)性醛固酮增多癥primary hyperaldosteronism螺內(nèi)酯(安體舒通)spironolactone氯胺吡咪

25、(阿米洛利)amiloride卡托普利captopril雷米普利ramipril硝苯地平nifedipine兒茶酚胺癥1、 嗜鉻細(xì)胞瘤pheochromocytoma2、 腎上腺髓質(zhì)增生adrenal medulla hyperplasia兒茶酚胺catecholamine腎上腺轉(zhuǎn)移癌adrenal metastasis第六十一章男性性功能障礙、不育和節(jié)育性欲libido陰莖勃起erection勃起障礙erectile dysfunction,ED丈夫精液人工授精artificial insemination with husbands semen,AIH體外授精胚胎移植技術(shù)in vitro

26、fertilization-embryo transfer ,IVF-ET卵胞漿內(nèi)精子注射intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI供者精液人工授精artificial insemination with donors semen,AID泌尿系統(tǒng)疾病病理學(xué)腎單位nephron腎小球glomerulus毛細(xì)血管袢capillary tuft濾過膜filtering membrane1、 內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞endothelial cell2、 腎小球基膜glomerular basement membrane,GBM致密層lamina densa內(nèi)疏松層lamina rara

27、 interna外疏松層lamina rara externa層粘連蛋白laminin纖維連接蛋白fibronectin內(nèi)動蛋白entactin網(wǎng)狀超結(jié)構(gòu)suprastructure3、 臟層上皮細(xì)胞visceral epithelial cell (足細(xì)胞podocyte)足突foot process濾過隙filtration slit濾過隙膜slit diaphragm4、腎小球系膜mesangium系膜細(xì)胞mesangial cell基膜樣的系膜基質(zhì)mesangial matrix腎球囊（鮑曼囊）Bowmans capsule第一節(jié)腎小球腎炎glomerulonephritis原發(fā)性腎小

28、球腎炎primary glomerulonephritis繼發(fā)性腎小球腎炎secondary glomerular diseases遺傳性腎炎hereditary nephritis循環(huán)免疫復(fù)合物性腎炎circulating immune complex nephritis內(nèi)皮下沉積物subendothelial deposits基膜與足細(xì)胞之間(上皮下沉積物subepithelial deposits)原位免疫復(fù)合物性腎炎immune complex nephritis in situ抗腎小球基膜腎炎anti-GBM nephritisHeymann腎炎抗腎小球細(xì)胞抗體細(xì)胞免疫性腎小球腎炎補(bǔ)

29、體替代途徑的激活腎小球損傷的介質(zhì)mediators of glomerular injury補(bǔ)體白細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的機(jī)制complement-leukocyte mediated mechanism基本病理改變1、 腎小球細(xì)胞增多hypercellularity2、 基膜增厚和系膜基質(zhì)增多3、 炎性滲出和壞死4、 玻璃樣變hyalinization和硬化sclerosis5、 腎小管和間質(zhì)的改變臨床表現(xiàn)1、 急性腎炎綜合征acute nephritis syndrome2、 快速進(jìn)行性腎炎綜合征rapidly progressive nephritis syndrome3、 腎病綜合征nephroti

30、c syndrome低蛋白血癥hypoalbuminemia高脂血癥hyperlipidemia脂尿lipiduria4、 無癥狀性血尿和蛋白尿asymptomatic hematuria or proteinuria5、 慢性腎炎綜合征chronic nephritic syndrome尿素氮blood urea nitrogen,BUN氮質(zhì)血癥azotemia尿毒癥uremia腎小球腎炎的病理類型1、 急性彌漫性增生性腎小球腎炎acute fiffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis毛細(xì)血管內(nèi)增生性腎小球腎炎endocapillary prolifera

31、tive glomerulonephritis感染后腎小球腎炎postinfectious glomerulonephritis鏈球菌感染后性腎小球腎炎poststreptococcal GN非鏈球菌感染后性腎小球腎炎nonpoststreptococcal GN2、 快速進(jìn)行性腎小球腎炎rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis,RPGN新月體crescent新月體性腎小球腎炎crescentic glomerulonephritis,CrGN肺出血腎炎綜合征Goodpasture syndrome血漿除去法plasmapheresis免疫缺乏型pauci-

32、immune type抗中性粒細(xì)胞胞質(zhì)抗體antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody,ACNA3、 腎病綜合征及相關(guān)的腎炎類型a) 膜性腎小球腎炎membranous glomerulonephritis膜性腎病membranous nephropathyb) 微小病變性腎小球腎炎minimal change golmerulonephritis脂性腎病lipoid nephrosisc) 局灶性節(jié)段性腎小球硬化focal segmental glomerulosclerosis,FSGd) 膜增生性腎小球腎炎membranoproliferative glomer

33、ulonephritis,MPGN系膜毛細(xì)血管性腎小球腎炎mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritisC3腎炎因子 C3 nephritic factor,C3Nefe) 系膜增生性腎小球腎炎mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis4、 IgA腎病IgA nephropathy5、 慢性腎小球腎炎chronic glomerulonephritis慢性硬化性腎小球腎炎chronic sclerosing glomerulonephritis第二節(jié) 腎小管間質(zhì)性腎炎腎小管間質(zhì)性腎炎 tubulointerstitial nephritis間質(zhì)性腎炎interstitial nephritis腎盂腎炎pyelonephritis一、 急性腎盂腎炎acute pyelonephritis血源性感染（下行性）hematogenous or descending infection上行性感染ascending infection下尿路感染lower urinary tract infection膀胱輸尿管反流vesicoureteral reflux腎內(nèi)反流intrarena