2020-2021高考英語(yǔ)一模試卷分類(lèi)匯編閱讀理解

1、2020-2021 高考英語(yǔ)一模試卷分類(lèi)匯編 閱讀理解（附答案）一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解1 閱讀理解At first, Michael Surrell did nt see the black smoke or flames shooti ng from the win dows of hisneighbors home. He and his wife had just parked around the corner from their own house in Alle ntow n,Penn sylva nia, whe n they got a call from one of his

2、 daughters, The house n ext door is on fire! He wentto investigate. Thats when he saw two women and a girl hysterical （歇斯底里的）on their porch.The babys in there! one of the women cried. Though the fire department had been called, Surrell, then 64, i nsti nctively ran in side. The baby was 8-year-old T

3、iara Roberts, the woma ns gran ddaughterand a playmate of Surrells three youn gest kids, the n 8, 10, and 12. The other two on the porch wereTiaras aunt and cous in.En teri ng the burning house was like running into a bucket of black pain t, Surrell says. The thicksmoke caused him to stumble bli ndl

4、y around, bur ned his eyes, and made it impossible to breathe. Thecon diti ons would have bee n hazardous for anyone, but for Surrell, who has chro nic obstructivepulmonary disease（ 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 ） ,they were life-threatening. He was the last pers on who shouldhave run into a bur ning building- he has lu

5、ng disease. But that did nt stop him.After a few minu tes in the smoke filled house, he retreated outside to catch his breath. Where isTiara? he asked desperately. The sec ond floor. her aunt shouted back.Surrell knew he could nt hold his breath for long. So he uttered a little prayer, Well, Lord, t

6、his is it. Yougotta help me, because Im not coming out without that little girl. Taking a deep breath, he went in a second time.The dark ness was overwhel ming. Yet because the house had a similar layout to his, he found thestairs and made it to the second floor. He turned to the right and was met b

7、y intense heat. He was alreadyout of breath.Baby girl, where are you? His throat and lungs burned as if hed in haled fire in stead of the smokeand soot in the air. Every blink stung his eyes. All he could hear was the crackling and popping of burningwood. .Still unable to see, Surrell fell to his kn

8、ees on the hot wood floor. He crawled toward the sound,feeli ng around for any sig n of the girl. An ominous thought crossed his mind: rm probably gonna die uphere.Finally he touched something. A shoe, then an ankle. He pulled Tiara toward him. Her body waslimp and she was nt breath ing. He scooped

9、her into his arms and stood. He felt the heat of the flames onhis cheeks. Turning, he fought through the smoke and ran blindly into the black ness. The next thing hekn ew, he was at the front door, the n outside. Surrell put Tiara dow n on the porch.A voice told him, You have to breathe for her. He

10、started CPR -the first time hed ever done so.The women stood behind him, praying silently. Soon a soot-filled cough came from Tiaras throat. Surrellgave five more breaths. She coughed aga in. Her eyes flickered. He gave one final breath. She ope nedher eyes and took a breath on her own.Their eyes me

11、t. Surrell hugged her tight and said, Uncles got you.Soon after, his throatclosed off.Surrell woke up in the hospital a couple of days later, having suffered severe burns to his windpipe andthe upper portion of his lungs. He spent over a week in the hospital. Tiara was released from the hospitalafte

12、r a few days. The fire exacerbated Surrells pul monary con diti on, and he feels the effects even twoyears later. As a result, he takes extra medication that helps ope n his airways. Its a small price to pay,he says. Id do it aga in in a heartbeat. Would nt give it a sec ond thought.(1) Michael Surr

13、ell ran to save the baby mainly because_A. he was on the scene casuallyB. he was drive n by in sti netC. his daughter was in dan gerD. his own house was at risk(2) Why should Surrell be the last person to run into a burning building?A. The fire departme nt had bee n called.B. He was 64 years old at

14、that time.C. The condition was life-threatening.D. He had chronic pul monary disease.(3) In the course of rescue, Surrell .A. had to move out for breath because of smokeB. was preve nted by the overwhel ming smokeC. made it to the sec ond floor without any troubleD. could clearly hear the sound made

15、 by the baby(4) Which blank could the sentence Then a weak but distinct voice emerged be best put in?A. B. C. D. (5)_ From the last paragraph, we can learn that_ .A. Surrell came back to life a week laterB. Tiara had to stay in hospital for weeksC. Surrells disease became more seriousD. Tiara n eede

16、d further extra medicati on(6) What can be a suitable title for the passage?A. Breathe for HerB. Struggle to surviveC. A small price to payD. A man with lung disease【答案】(1) B(2 ) D(3 ) A（4）A（5）C（6）A【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，一個(gè)患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的人不顧個(gè)人安危去鄰 居家著火的房子里成功救出小女孩，因此造成他肺部疾病加重，但是他對(duì)自己所做的從不 后悔。（ 1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的

17、“ Thoughthe fire department had been called, Surrell,then 64, instinctively ran inside. 雖”然已經(jīng)給消防隊(duì)打電話了，但當(dāng)時(shí) 64 歲的薩雷爾還是本 能地跑了進(jìn)去，可知 Surrell 跑進(jìn)去救嬰兒是因?yàn)楸灸茯?qū)使，這里 instinctively 本能地是 instinct 的副詞形式，故選B。（ 2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“but for Surrell, who has chronicobstructive pulmonarydisease（慢性阻塞性肺疾?。?， they were life- th

18、reatening 但”對(duì)于患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的 Surrell 來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)時(shí)的火勢(shì)對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是危及生命的，所以 Surrell 是最不應(yīng)該沖進(jìn)著火大樓的 人，故選 D。（ 3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“ Aftera few minutes in the smoke filled house, heretreated outside to catch his breath. 在”煙霧彌漫的房子里呆了幾分鐘后，他退到外面喘口 氣，可知在煙霧彌漫的房子里救人，期間 Surrell 不得不出來(lái)喘口氣，故選A。（4） 考查推理判斷。第一個(gè)空前 “ All he could hear was the

19、 crackli ng and popp ing of burningwood. ”他只能聽(tīng)到燃燒木頭的噼噼啪啪聲，選項(xiàng) A“Then a weak but distinct voice emerged 然后出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)微弱但清晰的聲音，句子中的 Then 在時(shí)間上承接前一句，空格后一句“Stillunable to see ”還是看不見(jiàn)，承接選項(xiàng)A 一個(gè)微弱但清晰的聲音”，可以判斷聽(tīng)到聲音但還是看不見(jiàn)人，故選 A。（5） 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The fire exacerbated Surrells pulmonary condition.大火加劇了 Surrell 的肺部疾病，

20、可知 Surrell 的病情變得更嚴(yán)重了，故選C。（6） 考查主旨大意。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“A voice told him,You have tofobrrehaetrh.estarted CPR . She opened her eyes and took a breath on her own. 可知， Surrell 給女”孩做人工 呼吸，女孩最終可以自己呼吸活過(guò)來(lái)了，人能活下來(lái)要呼吸給心肺供氧，呼吸非常重要，用 breathe for her 做主題引申 Surrell 挽救了女孩的生命，故選 A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類(lèi)閱 讀，要

21、求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推 理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2閱讀理解As the President of Ariel Investments, I am often asked how to cultivate （ 培養(yǎng)） green hands to bequalified for a new job within a short time. My memories take me straight back to the days when I workedfor John W. Rogers.While in college, I wor

22、ked as an intern （ 實(shí)習(xí)生 ） at Ariel Investments. As the youngest girl of six kidsfrom a single mom, I had very little knowledge of the business world. When I graduated, I decided toreturn to the company to improve myself.At the age of 22, my perspective was greatly influenced by lunching with the comp

23、anys founder andHethen-president, John W. Rogers. He told me that I would often find myself in the company of rich andsuccessful people with big titles, lots of degrees and lots of experience. And yet, my ideas could still be asgood or even better, he said. This early advice became the guiding force

24、 that has helped me throughoutmy entire career. When I was starting out, I thought my inexperience was holding me back, but John saidthat it was a good thing. He told me that being inexperienced means that you have a fresh point of view.As my tutor, John encouraged me to be brave. As my boss, he too

25、k some giant leaps of faith tosupport me. Because of our first lunch and the years ofsupport that followed, I never thoughttwice about speaking up, raising my hand or taking a seat at the table. Staying in the background wasnever a choice. But Johns advice came with one important warning. I needed t

26、o keep my attitude incheck. Its one thing to be firm but quite another to be rude. Similarly, there is a fine line betweenconfidence and overconfidence. With that in mind, I have had to learn to balance the way I act aroundothers. As someone once told me, the goal is to be non-threatened and non-thr

27、eatening at the sametime.（1） What can we learn about the author from the text?A.She went to Ariel Investments after graduation for practice.B.She made her voice heard with encouragement from her boss.C.Her miserable childhood had a negative effect on her work.D.Her performance during internship was

28、highly praised in public.（2） Due to John W. Rogers advice, the author_.A.learned to strike a balance between work and lifeB.contributed her ideas only after listening to othersC.no longer felt lost and became aware of her own valueD.switched to a different company to display her talent（3） What can b

29、e a suitable title for the text?A.Keep Your Attitude under Control.B.Encourage Your Employees to Grow.C.Let Your Success Be Your Noise.D.Live a Life with a High Goal.（4） Who would probably benefit most from this article?A.Company bosses.B.Those new to a job.C.Business consultants.D.Experienced teamm

30、ates.【答案】 （ 1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作為實(shí)習(xí)生，作者在實(shí)習(xí)期間受到公司的創(chuàng)始人、董事長(zhǎng) John W.Rogers 深深地影響， John W. Rogers 鼓勵(lì)作者要敢于思考、發(fā)表自己的想法，也鼓勵(lì)作者要勇敢，因?yàn)镴ohn W. Rogers 作者也學(xué)習(xí)到要有鋒芒卻不傷人”。（1） 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的 At the age of 22, my perspective was greatly in flue need bylunching with the eompanys founder and then-president,

31、John W. Rogers. 作者 22 歲時(shí)的想 法被 JohnW. Rogers 極大地影響，故選 B。（2） 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的 my ideas could still be as good or eve n better, he said. Thisearly advice became the guiding force that has helped me throughout my entire career. John W. Rogers說(shuō)作者的想法可以很好甚至可以更好，這些建議對(duì)于作者整個(gè)職業(yè)生涯造成了非常大的影響，這些影響使得作者不再感到迷茫，同時(shí)也開(kāi)始意識(shí)到

32、自己的價(jià)值。故選C。（3） 考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的 Withhat in mi nd, I have had to learn to bala neethe way I act around others. As some one once told me, the goaWeatbeerb andnon-threatening at the same time.可知，作者通過(guò)自己的經(jīng)歷告訴讀者，要平衡自信與自 負(fù)之間的關(guān)系，而且曾經(jīng)有人告訴作者要有鋒芒，但也不要傷人”，即能控制自己的態(tài)度，總結(jié)概括了文章的主旨。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。第一段提到作者非常擅長(zhǎng)培養(yǎng)新手，同時(shí)作者也回憶

33、了自己在做實(shí) 習(xí)生時(shí)的上司對(duì)作者的指導(dǎo)，這些對(duì)于剛?cè)肼殘?chǎng)的人而言都是非常好的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，因此這 篇文章特別適合職場(chǎng)新手。故選 B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類(lèi)閱 讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推 理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3 閱讀理解It seems were always being told to get more sleep. Studies suggest spe nding less time on sleep canlead to obesity（月肥月半）and even cance

34、r. You might even find yourself with a head full of falsememories. But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much. Thats because few of usin todays busy world have the luck of exploring that option.In an August 2018 study, published in the Journal of the American Heart Associatio

35、n, researchersresearched the sleep patter ns of those fort un ate few and found they may not be so lucky after all. Infact, they found people who get more tha n eight hours of sleep have greater health risk compared tothose who sleep together less than seven hours. Whats more, sleep- aholics-those w

36、ho man age to get10 hours a ni ght-sta nd a 30 perce nt higher cha nce of dying compared to the seve n-hour crowd.The wide-ranging global study involved （涉及） more than three million people who selfreported on theirsleep habits and came to an eye-ope ning con clusi on: If you tend to sleep a lot, you

37、 may want to buy analarm clock. As with all things in life, sleep is best taken in moderation（適度）.You may be thinking: What if I only sleep in on Saturday and Sun day, am I still at risk? The an swer isyes, accord ing to a 2019 study published in Curre nt Biology. Researchers discovered that eve n i

38、f a person sleeps more tha n seve n hours on the weeke nds but still sleeps less tha n that on weeknights, theyare at risk of gaining weight and developing sensitivity to insulin, which con trols the level of sugar inblood.For the study, 36 participa nts were divided into three groups that each had

39、a differe nt sleep schedule:nine hours every ni ght, five hours every ni ght, and five hours from Mon day to Friday and sleeping muchon weekends. People who get too much sleep tend to feel tired and lack energy. Also, bothsleep-deprived(睡眠不足的 )groups consume more food and gain weight.(1) Why is the

40、harmful effect of sleeping too much seldom studied?A. Few people have time to sleep too much. B. Lack of sleep causes much more harm.C. It turns out to be a healthy sleep patter n.D. Peoples health has nothing to do with it.(2) What does the underlined words those fortunate few in paragraph 2 refer

41、to?A. Those leadi ng a relaxi ng life.B. Those gett ing too much sleep.C. Those with less time to sleep.D. Those with no sleep problems.(3) What can be learned from the 2019 study?A. Sleep ing much is particularly ben eficial to hungry people.B. Many people sleep more on weeke nds tha n on weekdays.

42、C. An alarm clock of high quality is important for good sleep.D. People who sleep much only on weeke nds also have health risk.(4) What is the main idea of the text?A. It is n ecessary to save eno ugh time for sleep.B. Too much sleep can result in gaining weight.C. Sleep ing too much does harm to pe

43、oples health.D. People can avoid sleep ing much by eati ng healthily.【答案】(1) A(2) B(3) D(4) C【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，我們似乎總是被告知要多睡覺(jué)，但是睡眠過(guò)多對(duì)身體也是有害的。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的” Butrarely doesscienee explore the dark side of sleep ing too much. Thats because few of us in todays busy world havethe luck of explori ng th

44、at option.可知，在如今忙碌的社會(huì)很少有人會(huì)有時(shí)間睡太多，所以睡眠過(guò)多對(duì)人體的危害很少被研究。故選 A。(2)考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段中的“ Thatsbecause fewof us in todays busy world have the luck of exploring that option.這是因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)今這個(gè)繁忙的世界上，很少有人有機(jī)會(huì)探索這種選擇； 以及第二段中的theymay not be so lucky after all. In fact, they found peoplewho get more than eight hours of sleep have

45、greater health risk 他們可能根本就沒(méi)有那么幸 運(yùn)。事實(shí)上，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)睡眠超過(guò)8 小時(shí)的人有更大的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，可推斷，劃線部分指代睡眠時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)的人”。故選 B。(3) 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的 ” Researchersiiscovered that even if a person sleeps more than seve n hours on the weeke nds but still sleeps less tha n that on week ni ghts, they are at risk of gainingweight and developing se

46、nsitivity to insulin, which controls the level of sugar inblood.研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使一個(gè)人在周末的睡眠時(shí)間超過(guò)7 個(gè)小時(shí)，但仍然比工作日晚上的睡眠時(shí)間少，他們也有體重增加和對(duì)控制血糖水平的胰島素敏感的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?？芍?，只有周 末睡得多的人也會(huì)面臨健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的” Butrarely does scienee explore the dark side ofsleeping too much.可知本文介紹了睡眠過(guò)多會(huì)對(duì)身體造成一定程度的傷害。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題

47、型的考查，是一篇健康類(lèi)閱 讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正 確答案。4 閱讀理解When a rather dirty, poorly dressed pers on kn eels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurryon, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some mon ey? What should our attitude to b

48、eggars be?There can be no questi on that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next mealis going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beggars.Certainly, most of the worlds great religions （宗教）order us to be open-hearted and share w

49、hat we have with those lessfortun ate tha n ourselves. But has the world cha nged? Maybe what was morally（道德方面）right in the old days, when oneknew exactly who in the village had suffered misfort une and n eeded help, is no Ion ger the best idea. Quite a few people willnot give to beggars. Let us loo

50、k at their argume nts.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good livi ng from begging. Givi ng to beggars only en courages this sort of evil （惡行）. Secon dly, there is the worry that the money you give willbe spe nt on beer, wi ne or drugs

51、. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begg ing. One might be poor, butthat is no reas on for los ing on es sense of pride and self-depe ndence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the gover nment rather than ordinary people. Somepeople th

52、ink beggars should go to the local gover nment departme nt and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them differently. A few coins cansave a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral go

53、od ness of the giver.（1）What is mainly discussed in the passage?A. Moral deeds of people.B. Religious activities of the church.C. Moral good ness of the giver.D. Argume nts on giv ing to beggars.（2）What can we infer from the sentence But has the world changed? in the second paragraph?A. People no Io

54、n ger know who suffers misfort une in the village.B. Some people will not do what was morally right in the past.C. We dont meet with those who n eed help any more.D. Now it is the gover nmen ts duty to help the beggars.（3）Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Some people dress up

55、 to pretend to be beggars.B. Some beggars want money to help their children go to school.C. Some beggars use the money to buy drugs.D. Some beggars have no excuse for begging.（4） In the last paragraph, the writer thinks that it is hard to come to any final conclusion, because.A. the cases can be so

56、differentB. there are so many beggarsC. there is so much money wastedD. there are so many different arguments【答案】 （ 1）D（2）B（3）B（4）A【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了人們過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在對(duì)乞討者不同觀點(diǎn)及原因， 告訴我們不同問(wèn)題要區(qū)別對(duì)待。（1）考查主旨大意?？v觀全文可知，本文論述了人們現(xiàn)在對(duì)乞討者不同觀點(diǎn)及原因。列 舉了現(xiàn)在人們不給乞討者錢(qián)的幾種想法及幫助別人是美德，告訴我們不同問(wèn)題要區(qū)別對(duì) 待。故選 D。（2）考查句義猜測(cè)。上句說(shuō)多數(shù)宗教都要求我們敞開(kāi)心扉和不

57、如自己幸運(yùn)的人分享。下 句講或許過(guò)去道德上認(rèn)為是對(duì)的現(xiàn)在不再是最好的想法。前后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折，所以 But has the world changed? 指情況發(fā)生了改變，人們的觀念發(fā)生了改變，故選B。（ 3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“ many city beggasr dress up on purpose to look pitiableand actually make a good living from begging. the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs.和 there is no realexcuse

58、for begging.可知 A C D 都提到了， B 沒(méi)提到。故選 B。（ 4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ It is hard to come to any final co nclusion; there arevarious cases and we must deal with them differently. 可知由于不同情”況要區(qū)別對(duì)待，所以很 難做最后結(jié)論。故選 A.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，句義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一 篇社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系， 進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案

59、。5.（2019?全國(guó)n）閱讀理解“You can use me as a last rseort （選擇） , and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.”Thiswas an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse （長(zhǎng) 曲棍球） club.I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety aro

60、und stepping up to help for an unknownsport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with fourkids running the show and I talk about the dad coach ing a team that his kids arent eve n on At this point the un willi ngpare nt speak