新視野大學英語第四冊unit1new

1、Unit one The Tail of Fame New Horizon College EnglishObjective:1. Pre-reading Activity2. While-reading Activity3. Post-reading ActivityLead-in ActivityDiscuss the following questions:lDo you want to be famous? What do you prefer: an ordinary person or a famous one?Background informationl1.田納西田納西威廉斯（

2、威廉斯（1911-1983，l美國劇作家）美國劇作家）l Tennessee Williams (19111983) was an American writer whose plays are mainly about people with emotional problems and are set in the Southern States. As a playwright Williams began his career while studying at the University of Missouri and Washington University, St. Loui

3、s. l2.歐內(nèi)斯特海明威（1899-1961，l美國作家，獲1954年諾貝爾文學獎）lErnest Hemingway (18991961) was one of the most famous American novelists, short story writers and essayists, whose deceptively simple prose style散文風格 has influenced a wide range of writers. Hemingway was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature. l3.羅伯特

4、弗羅斯特l（1874-1963，美國詩人）lRobert Frost (18741963) lwas one of Americas leading 20th-century poets and a four time winner of the Pulitzer Prize. His poet often associated with rural New England, Frost wrote poems whose philosophical dimensions transcend any region. His poetry is thus both traditional and

5、 experimental, regional and universal. l4. T.S.艾略特（艾略特（1888-1965，美國詩人、，美國詩人、l劇作家，獲劇作家，獲1948年諾貝爾文學獎）年諾貝爾文學獎）lT.S. Eliot (18881965) was a poet, playwright, and critic. Born in St. Louis, after Harvard he studied in Europe, in 1927 becoming a British citizen. He won the 1948 Nobel Prize for Literature.

6、 Words and Phrases2. While-reading ActivityLanguage Points 1. The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction. (Para. 1)Meaning: The harsh reality of success is that it often destroys those who try hard to achieve it. lcruelty ln.C, U

7、 behavior that makes people or animals suffer 殘酷；殘忍 lThe book tells readers the cruelty of the slave trade at that time.這本書告訴了讀者在那個時候奴隸買賣的殘忍。 l The farmer was accused of cruelty to animals.這個農(nóng)民被指控殘酷虐待動物。 l2. The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially ba

8、nkrupt. (Para. 2)Meaning: Even under the most favorable circumstances, gaining fame is difficult, and in the end many artists fail emotionally even if they do not fail financially. lconquest ln.1. U the process of gaining control over sth. through great effort 征服；控制 l He finally made the conquest of

9、 the disease come true.他最后戰(zhàn)勝了那疾病。 l2. sing., U the act of taking control of a country, city, etc. by force 征服；攻占 l After the Norman Conquest the forest became a royal hunting preserve.在諾曼征服之后，這片森林就成了皇家狩獵地。 at best: even when considered in the most positive way 充其量 至多 lWe cant arrive before Friday at

10、 best. l我們無論如何星期五以前也到不了。lDont scold him too much; he is at best a child. l不要太責罵他; 他只不過是個孩子。lDont expect much of him; he is at best a student. l不要對他期望過高; 他只不過是個學生。end up: finally be in a particular situation or place 結(jié)束，告終lIf he carries on driving like that, hell end up dead. l他照這樣開車,早晚得死于非命。lIf you

11、continue to steal youll end up in prison. l你要是繼續(xù)行竊終歸得進監(jiān)獄。lYou could end up running this company if you play your cards right. l你要是處理得當，到頭來這個公司能歸你掌管。lbankrupt la.without enough money to pay what one owes 破產(chǎn)的 l The company was declared bankrupt.這家公司被宣布破產(chǎn)。 l Five years ago she was a successful actress,

12、 but now she is bankrupt.五年前她是一個成功的演員，可是現(xiàn)在她一貧如洗了。l3. Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on. The lure of drowning in fames imperial glory is not easily resisted. (Para. 2)Meaning: Impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fa

13、ns and praise from peers may push the artist to achieve fame. It is almost impossible to resist the admiration and praise that fame brings. lmotive ln.C a reason for doing sth. 動機 l Why would she have killed him? She has no motive.她為什么會殺他呢？她沒有任何動機。 l What is the motive behind the bombing?爆炸背后有什么動機？

14、l worship lvt.admire and love sb. very much 崇拜；敬重；仰慕 l He worshipped his wife.他很崇拜妻子。 l He was amused by the way younger actors worshipped and copied him.年青演員崇拜他、模仿他的方式使他感到很有意思。 l spur lvt.encourage sb. or make them want to do sth. 鼓勵；刺激 l Her difficult childhood spurred her on to succeed.她艱難的童年激勵她去

15、取得成功。 l My trainer spurred me to keep up a pace of four miles an hour.我的教練鼓勵我保持每小時4英里的節(jié)奏。 l lure ln.C sth. that attracts people, or the quality of being able to do this 誘惑 l Few can resist the lure of adventure.幾乎沒有人抵擋得住歷險的吸引力。 l It is the lure of money that brings them to the city.是金錢的誘惑使他們來到了這城市。

16、drown: v.1. (a) die in water (or other liquid) because one is unable to breathe 淹死; 溺死: a drowning man 快要淹死的人. (b)kill (a person or animal) in this way 溺死（人或動物）: drown a kitten 溺死小貓. 2. sth (in sth) flood or drench sth 淹沒或浸透某物: a drowned valley 淹沒的山谷 * He drowned his meal in gravy. 他把飯菜泡在肉汁里.3. (idm

17、 習語) drown ones sorrows (in drink) (尤作戲謔語) get drunk in order to forget ones troubles 藉酒澆愁. l4. They develop a style that agents market aggressively to hasten popularity, and their ride on the express elevator to the top is a blur. Most would be hard-pressed to tell you how they even got there. (Par

18、a. 3)Meaning: These artists demonstrate a style that agents promote forcefully to make them popular more quickly. Most of them would find it difficult to tell you how they became famous. Ride on the express elevator to the top is a metaphor which means becoming famous quickly. lhasten lvt.make sth.

19、happen sooner or more quickly 加快；加速 l The treatment she received may, in fact, have hastened her death.實際上她接受的治療加速了她的死亡。 l News of the scandal certainly hastened his departure from office.有關(guān)這件丑聞的消息當然加速了他的離職。 l blur ln.C sth. that one cannot remember or see clearly 模糊的記憶；模糊不清的事物 l The events of that

20、day were just a blur.那天所發(fā)生的事情簡直就是一片模糊，記不清楚。 l My memory of my childhood days is only a blur.我對童年只有些模糊的記憶。 be hard- pressed to do: have difficulty doing somethingThis year the airline will be hard-pressed to make a profit.今年這家航空公司要盈利困難重重。Youd be hard- pressed to find anyone better for the job.你很難找到更好

21、的人做這項工作。The public simply discounts styles other than those for which the artist has become famous. (Para.3)Meaning: The public only accepts the styles for which the artist has become famous and they think other styles are not worth their attention.discount: vt.1. regard (sth) as unimportant or untr

22、ue; ignore (sb/sth) 不重視, 不相信, 不理會（某人某事物）: You can discount what Jack said: hes a dreadful liar. 杰克說的話你不必當真, 他可是個說謊大王。 2. reduce the price of something 打折 Games were discounted to as little as $5. 打折后的游戲價格只要5美元。 n. 1. amount of money taken off the cost of sth 從某物的價格中扣去的數(shù)目; 折扣: We give (a) 10% discoun

23、t for cash. 現(xiàn)金付款, 我們予以九折優(yōu)待. 2. (idm 習語) at a discount (a) at a reduced price 打折扣; 減價. These goods will be sold at a discount. 這些貨物將減價出售。(b) (fig 比喻) not highly valued; unfashionable 不受重視的; 不時興的: Concern for others seems to be at a discount today. 如今好像不興關(guān)心別人了.other than: apart from; except1. He didnt

24、 mention anyone elses contributions other than his own.他只提到了自己的貢獻，而沒有提其他任何人的。2. We missed the last bus so there was no choice other than to walk home.我們錯過了最后一班公交車，所以除了走回家別無選擇。l5. Their distinct styles marked a significant change in form from others and gained them fame and fortune. However, they pai

25、d for it by giving up the freedom to express themselves with other styles or forms. (Para. 4)Meaning: Their clearly different styles brought them fame and fortune. However, they got it at the cost of giving up their freedom to use other styles to express themselves. ldistinct la.1. clearly different

26、 or belonging to a different type 明顯不同的；獨特的 l The two concepts are quite distinct from each other.這兩個概念是有明顯區(qū)別的。 l2. able to be clearly seen, heard, smelled, etc. 清晰的；清楚的；明顯的 l The outline of the ship became more distinct.船的輪廓變得更清楚了。 l6. One drop of fame will likely contaminate the entire well of a m

27、ans soul, and so an artist who remains true to himself or herself is particularly amazing. (Para. 6)Meaning: One drop of fame could poison a persons soul, and so an artist who acts according to his or her beliefs and does what he or she thinks is right is particularly amazing. l contaminate lvt.make

28、 sth. dirty or poisonous 污染；弄臟 l Much of the coast has been contaminated by nuclear waste.那海岸的許多地方已被核廢料污染了。 l The food which had been contaminated was destroyed.被污染的食品已經(jīng)被銷毀了。 l7. You would be hard-pressed to underline many names of those who have not compromised and still succeeded in the fame game.

29、 (Para. 6)Meaning: You would have difficulty listing many names of artists who have not given up their principles in order to please their audiences and still succeeded in their careers. l underline lvt.1. draw a line under a word to show that it is important 在.下劃線 l Dont forget to underline the tit

30、le of the essay.別忘了在文章標題下劃線。 l2. emphasize; show that sth. is important 強調(diào)，使突出 l To underline their disgust, the crowd started throwing bottles at the stage.為了強調(diào)他們的厭惡，人群開始向舞臺扔瓶子了。 l8. When things were at their worst, he found that no one was willing to risk his or her name in his defense. (Para. 6)M

31、eaning: The worst thing was that he found no one was ready to defend him at the risk of damaging his or her own name. l9. Curiously enough, it is those who fail that reap the greatest reward: freedom! (Para. 7)Meaning: It is very strange that those who fail get the greatest reward: freedom! l10. Sin

32、gle-minded artists who continue their quest for fame even after failure might also like to know that failure has motivated some famous people to work even harder to succeed. (Para. 8)Meaning: Those artists who are determined in their search for fame，even after they have suffered failure, might also

33、like to know that failure has made some famous people work even harder to succeed. lsingle-minded la.having one clear aim and working very hard to achieve it 一心一意的；專一的 l She is very single-minded about her career.她專一于自己的事業(yè)。 l Her single-minded commitment to the job meant that she had little time lef

34、t for her family.她對工作一心一意的奉獻意味著她很少有時間留給自己的家庭。 lPay attention to the word formation of “a.+ n.-ed”. Words of similar formation include: blue-eyed 藍眼睛的 kind-hearted仁慈的 好心的broad-minded 心胸開闊的 good-natured 脾氣好的 溫厚的gray-haired 頭發(fā)灰白的light-hearted 輕松的 無憂無慮的open-minded 思想開明的cold-hearted 冷淡的 無情的near-sighted 近

35、視的 single-handed 單獨一人的，獨立的III.1. idle 2. justify 3. discount 4. distinct 5. minute6.accused 7. object 8. contaminate 9. sustain 10. worshipIV.1. accusing. of 2. end up 3. came upon 4. at her worst 5. pay for6. run a risk of 7. participate in 8. other than 9. object to/objected 10. at best V1. K 2. G

36、 3. C 4. E 5. N 6.O 7.I 8. L 9. A 10. DlIX.l1. other than for funerals and weddingsl2. other than to live an independent lifel3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . l4. but other than that, hell eat just about everything .l5. other than that its somewhere in the town centerlX.l1. shouldnt have been to the cinema last nightl2. would have; told him