從句總結(jié)復(fù)習(xí)與三級練習(xí)

1、從句總結(jié)復(fù)習(xí)與三級練習(xí)從句其實就是三個句型的衍生物。掌握了三個句型就已經(jīng)掌握了從句。名詞性從句主系表或主謂賓句型中再套上一個主系表或主謂賓的句子而已。注意中英文表達(dá)上的區(qū)別并熟記相關(guān)連詞I know the teacherI know that he is richI know that there is a wallet on the desk.I know that he studies English 由連詞that、if、whether 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 主 語 謂 語 賓語（賓語從句） 每個人都知道 地球 圍著太陽 運行。 主 語 謂 語 賓語（賓語從句） Everyone know

2、s that the earth moves around the sun. 連詞 主 語 謂 語 狀 語 主語（主語從句） 系 表語 地球圍著太陽運行 是 一條真理。 主語（主語從句） 系 表語 That the Earth moves around the sun is a truth.形式主語 系 表 語 主語（主語從句） It is a truth that the Earth moves around the Sun. 主 語 系 表語（表語從句） My idea is that we will go to the Great Wall on Sunday. 我的意思是星期天我們?nèi)ラL

3、城。 主 謂 賓語從句 I wonder if he will come. I wonder whether he will come ( or not ).形式主語 系 表 語 主語從句 It is not clear whether she will come ( or not ).注：whether 可加 or not 而 if 不能。有時我們可以將由whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句首，if則不能。注意 ！- 在主語從句中IF不能在句首。1.whether she will come ( or not ). is not clear 2. IF she will come ( or n

4、ot ) is not clear.下列句子常跟名詞性從句I am glad thatI am sorry thatI am sure thatI am afraid that 由連接代詞who、whom、what、which、whose、how much、how many ( how often how long)引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 上面列出的連接代詞代替從句中的名詞或修飾名詞的詞,有實際詞義，不能省略。who - 人（主格，也可用于賓格）whom - 人（只用于賓格）what - 物（主格或賓格）which - 哪一個（名詞的定語）whose - 誰的（名詞的定語）how many(much

5、) 多少(代替名詞或做名詞的定語) 主 謂 賓語從句 I dont know who bought（buy）買 the English book. 連接代詞做主語（代替人） 謂 賓 主 謂 賓語從句 I dont know what you bought. 連接代詞做賓語（代替物）主 謂注意 ！- which在名詞性從句從不能單獨使用，必須在which后加名詞，用法同whose, how many(much) 1. I dont know what you bought.2. I dont know which you bought. 主 謂 賓語從句 I dont know whose si

6、ster bought the English book.連接代詞做主語的定語（代替誰的） 主 謂 賓 主 謂 賓語從句 I dont know which book you bought. 連接代詞做buy的賓語 主 謂 的定語（代替哪一本） 形式主語 系 表 語 主語從句 It is clear who will be our boss. 系 連接代詞做 主語（代替人） 主語 系 表語從句 The question is whom we will send there. 連接代詞做 主 謂 狀 賓語（代替誰）主語 謂語 賓語從句 Do you know how many books he

7、bought yesterday? 連接代詞做 主 謂 狀修飾賓語 由連接副詞where, when, why, how, how often引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 上面列出的連接副詞代替從句中副詞或介詞短語，有實際意義，在從句中做狀語，不能省略。where - 地點when - 時間why - 原因how - 方式 賓 語 從 句 He told me that he studied English hard in the university to go abroad five years ago. how where why when 他告訴我，五年前他在大學(xué)時，為了出國而努力學(xué)習(xí)英語。He

8、told me how he studied English in the university to go abroad five years ago.He told me where he studied English hard to go abroad five years ago. He told me why he studied English hard in the university five years ago. He told me when he studied English hard in the university to go abroad.我們同樣可以把帶有

9、連接副詞的句子放在主語或表語的位置上，稱為主語從句或表語從句。 主語 系 表 語 從 句 The question is how we can get so much money. 狀 主 謂 賓 主語從句 It is not clear where he got the news.形式主語 系 表 狀 主 謂 賓注意 ！- 熟記下列連詞及用法 由連詞that、if、whether 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 由連接代詞who、whom、what、which、whose、how much、how many 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 由連接副詞where, when, why, how, how often引導(dǎo)的

10、名詞性從句 This（that, it）is + because注意 ！- 請同學(xué)們將下列練習(xí)重新做一遍,這一點非常重要。名詞性從句習(xí)題2名詞從句典型試題1. We were not surprised感到驚訝的 at _, for he had worked so hard. (2000年)A. what has he achieved B. that what he had achievedC. what he had achieved D. that he had achieved2. _ I saw was two men crossing the street. (2001年)A.

11、What B. Whom C. Who D. That3. Mary found it difficult to talk calmly about which she A B C had experienced at the station. (2002年)D4. Would the news _ he failed to pass the exam bother you? (2003年)A. which B. that C. of which D. on which5. The fact _ he does so in so short period of time challenges

12、explanation. (2003年)A. why B. that C. what D. which6. The old gentleman never fails to help _ is in need of his help.A. whom B. who C. whoever D. whomever7. _ was unimportant。(2000年)A. Whether he enjoyed our dinner or not B. No matter how he enjoyed our dinnerC. If he enjoyed our dinner D. What he e

13、njoyed our dinner8. How long do you think _ to finish this urgent task?A. did it take you B. it will take you C. will it take you D. it to take you9. _ was not the way the event happened.A. Which the press reported B. That the press reportedC. What did the press report D. What the press reported10.

14、No one doubts _ it is true.A. whether B. if C. that D. whatkey-1. We were not surprised感到驚訝的 at _, for he had worked so hard. (2000年)A. what has he achieved B. that what he had achievedC. what he had achieved D. that he had achieved解析：答案選C。at是介詞，其后接賓語從句時，從句要用陳述句的語序。achieve是及物動詞，what在從句中作賓語，所以選C。that

15、在從句中只起連接作用，無意義。2. _ I saw was two men crossing the street. (2001年)A. What B. Whom C. Who D. That解析：答案選A。本句中的主語是主語從句，what在從句中作賓語。3. Mary found it difficult to talk calmly about which she A B C had experienced at the station. (2002年)D解析：答案選C。what 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，what在從句中作experience的賓語。C應(yīng)改為：what。4. Would the ne

16、ws _ he failed to pass the exam bother you? (2003年)A. which B. that C. of which D. on which解析：答案選B。由于從句he failed to pass the exam 是news的內(nèi)容， 所以這是一個同位語從句，應(yīng)該用that引導(dǎo)。5. The fact _ he does so in so short period of time challenges explanation. (2003年)A. why B. that C. what D. which解析：答案選B。fact后的從句講的是fact的

17、內(nèi)容，所以是同位語從句，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞只能使用that。6. The old gentleman never fails to help _ is in need of his help.A. whom B. who C. whoever D. whomever解析：答案選C。本句中需要填入一個連接代詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句。且此代詞要在從句中作主語。A、D都只能作賓語。whoever引導(dǎo)賓語從句。who也可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但whoever強調(diào)無論誰。7. _ was unimportant。(2000年)A. Whether he enjoyed our dinner or not B. No

18、matter how he enjoyed our dinnerC. If he enjoyed our dinner D. What he enjoyed our dinner解析：答案選A。本句中包含一個主語從句，意思是“他是否喜歡我們的飯不重要?！敝挥蠥最符合題意。B、C中的no matter how 和if 都引導(dǎo)狀語從句；D項中的what在從句中作主語或賓語，而本從句中有主語和賓語。8. How long do you think _ to finish this urgent task?A. did it take you B. it will take you C. will i

19、t take you D. it to take you解析：答案選B。think后接賓語從句。從句不倒裝。9. _ was not the way the event happened.A. Which the press reported B. That the press reportedC. What did the press report D. What the press reported解析：答案選D。此處需填入一個主語從句。在這個主語從句中作動詞report的賓語應(yīng)該用連接代詞what。10. No one doubts _ it is true.A. whether B.

20、if C. that D. what解析：答案選C。doubt用在肯定句中后接if引導(dǎo)的從句；用在否定句中后接that引導(dǎo)的從句。定語從句 定語從句是將定語擴(kuò)大成一個完整句子，由關(guān)系代詞或副詞引導(dǎo)，放在所要修飾的名詞之后，通常稱被修飾的名詞為先行詞。 他是從美國來的英語老師。 He is an English teacher from America. 形容詞 介詞短語 他 是 那個下學(xué)期要教我們的英文老師。 主 系 定語從句 表語 定語從句 He is an English teacher who will teach us next term. 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語 由關(guān)系代詞引

21、導(dǎo)的定語從句who代替人,在從句中做主語或賓語。which代替物，在從句中做主語或賓語。whom代替人，在從句中做賓語。that可以與who which whom換用。 他 是 去年教我們英語的老師。 主 系 定語從句 表語 定語從句 He is a teacher who (that) taught us English last year. 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語 這 就是 我們老師寫的那本書。 主 系 定語從句表語 定語從句 This is the book which(that) was written by our teacher. 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語 這 就是

22、我在晚會上遇見的女孩。 主 系 定語從句 表語注意 ！- 定語從句中用which定物而不what, 不要與在名詞性從句混淆。 1. I dont know the book which you wrote2.I dont know the book what you wrote. 定語從句 That is the girl whom(that/who) I met at the party. 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做met的賓語 你剛才與之說話的男孩 哪去了？ 定語從句 主語 表語 定語從句 介詞后的關(guān)系代詞注意 ！- 有時關(guān)系代詞在從句中不是做動詞的賓語而是做介詞的賓語。在這種情況下，通常

23、有幾種表達(dá)方式。 我認(rèn)識你們談?wù)摰哪莻€人。 定語從句 I know the man whom(who/that)you are talking about. 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做介詞about的賓語注：關(guān)系代詞做介詞about的賓語，about被保留在句尾時，關(guān)系代詞可以用whom who或that，可以省略。我們也可以將about放在關(guān)系代詞whom之前。 定語從句 I know the man about whom you are talking. 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做介詞about的賓語注：當(dāng)about放在whom之前時，whom不能被省略，也不能用who或that代替who

24、m.請看例句： 這就是你正在找的女孩嗎？Is this the girl who(whom/that)you are looking for? Is this the girl for whom you are looking?注意 ！- 必須使用關(guān)系代詞that的幾種情況1、 先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾。 This is the worst book that I have read. He is the tallest man that I know.2、 先行詞是all, everything, nothing, something等不定代詞 He told me all that he

25、knew.3、 當(dāng)先行詞被only, any, no, very, little或序數(shù)詞修飾時。 That is the only way that leads into the mountain. Who is the first student that came here?注：上面3種情況不能使用who, whom, which等關(guān)系代詞。 當(dāng)that在從句中做賓語時，可以省略。4. 在一些抽象名詞如：way idea 注意 ！- 在學(xué)習(xí)定語從句 時，請注意關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別，關(guān)系代詞在從句中起到的是名詞的作用，而關(guān)系副詞起的是副詞或介詞短語的作用，即狀語的作用。 關(guān)系副詞WHEN

26、-代替時間WHERE-代替地點WHY-代替原因 WHEN I will never forget the day. On the day, my father died. I will never forget the day when my father died. 先行詞 關(guān)系副詞在從句中做狀語從以上的例句中可以看出，關(guān)系副詞在從句中代替的是一個介詞短語，相當(dāng)于on the day，做狀語。該句也可以用關(guān)系代詞來做。請注意關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別。 I will never forget the day on which my farther died. 先行詞 關(guān)系代詞在從句中做介詞on

27、的賓語 I will never forget the day (which) my farther died on.WHERE Look at the house. In the house, I was born. Look at the house where I was born. 看，那就是我出生的房子。注：where在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，代替in the house，該句也可以用關(guān)系代詞來做。Look at the house in which I was born.Look at the house (which) I was born in.注意 ！-關(guān)系代詞在從句中起到的是名詞的

28、作用，而關(guān)系副詞起的是副詞或介詞短語的作用，即狀語的作用。1. Look at the house (which) I was born in.2.Look at the house where I was born in. WHY I know the reason. She is unhappy for the reason today. I know the reason why she is unhappy today.關(guān)系副詞why代替從句中for the reason。此句可以用關(guān)系代詞做。 I know the reason for which she is unhappy to

29、day. I know the reason (which) she is unhappy for today.注意 ！- as引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞可以是一個名詞，也可以是一個短語或一個句子。as本身含有“像”的意思，而從句的位置不一定要在先行詞之后 定語從句 The earth moves around the sun, as you know. 先行詞是整個句子 關(guān)系代詞做know的賓語 代替前面整個句子 (As you know, the earth moves around the sun.)正像你所知道那樣地球圍繞太陽運行。 非限定性定語從句當(dāng)定語從句與所定的名詞在意思上并不十分緊密

30、時，通常使用非限定性定語從句，也就是在先行詞與定語從句之間加“，”號。這種句子在漢語中我們習(xí)慣用兩句話表達(dá)，而英語習(xí)慣用非限定性定語從句表達(dá)：China, whose population is the largest in the world, lies in East Asia. 中國位于東亞，它是世界上人口最多的國家。 Mary will spend her holiday in London, where her boy friend works. 瑪麗要在倫敦度假，她的男朋友在那里工作。注意 ！- 在非限定性定語從句中不使that1. An old friend from abroa

31、d, whom I was expecting to stay with, telephoned me from the airport.2.An old friend from abroad, who I was expecting to stay with, telephoned me from the airport.3.An old friend from abroad, that I was expecting to stay with, telephoned me from the airport. 定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別 The news that she is going

32、to marry an American is surprising. 同位語從句 她要嫁給一個美國人的消息令人吃驚。注：句中的that是連詞，在從句中沒有語法成分。該句與news并列，是同位語從句。 The news that he told me is not true. 定語從句 他告訴我的那個消息不是真的。注：句中that是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中做told的賓語，引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。注意 ！- 請同學(xué)們將下列練習(xí)重新做一遍,這一點非常重要。課堂練習(xí)定語從句典型試題1. An old friend from abroad, _ I was expecting to stay with, tel

33、ephoned me from the airport. (2000年)A. that B. whom C. who D. which2. This is one of the best books _ on the subject. (2000年)A. that have ever been written B. which have ever been writtenC. that has ever been written D. whatever have been written3. The United States is composed of fifty states, two

34、of those are A B separated from the others by land or water. (2000年)C D4. A curve曲線is a line _ no part is straight and which has no angle. (2001)A. that B. whose C. in which D. of which5. Before joining the army, he spent a lot of time in the village _ he belonged (2001年)A. to which B. which C. to w

35、here D. at which6. The experiment, _ will soon be announced, was done by my colleagues. (2001年)A. whose results B. the results on which C. at which the results D. of whose results7. _ is known to all, too much smoking will cause lung cancer. (2003年)A. That B. It C. As D. What8. Do not trust such men

36、 _ often like to praise you to your face. (2004年)A. who B. that C. as D. they9. In his latest article Tom criticizes the way which the war A B C is being handled. (1997年)D10. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, _, of course, made the others jealous. (2005年)A. who

37、B. what C. that D. whichkey-定語從句典型試題1. An old friend from abroad, _ I was expecting to stay with, telephoned me from the airport. (2000年)A. that B. whom C. who D. which解析: 答案選B。whom, 關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中做with的賓語，指人。本句中的定語從句是非限制性定語從句。that不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。2. This is one of the best books _ on the subject. (2000年)A.

38、 that have ever been written B. which have ever been writtenC. that has ever been written D. whatever have been written解析: 答案選A。因為先行詞books前有形容詞的最高級best修飾，所以只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，選A。當(dāng)先行詞前有形容詞最高級、only或very修飾時，要用that引導(dǎo)這個定語從句。定語從句中的謂語和先行詞保持一致。3. The United States is composed of fifty states, two of those are A

39、B separated from the others by land or water. (2000年)C D解析: 答案選B。應(yīng)改為：two of which。在非限制性定語從句中，限定詞some, any, none, all, several以及表示數(shù)量的詞可與of whom, of which連用。先行詞是物用of which; 是人用of whom。本題中which指fifty states。4. A curve曲線is a line _ no part is straight and which has no angle. (2001)A. that B. whose C. in

40、 which D. of which解析: 答案選D。 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”可引導(dǎo)定語從句。No part of 是固定短語，因此用of which, 而不用in which。5. Before joining the army, he spent a lot of time in the village _ he belonged (2001年)A. to which B. which C. to where D. at which解析: 答案選A。belong是不及物動詞，其后接to之后才接賓語，belong to:屬于。因此選to which。where是關(guān)系副詞，不能置于介詞之后。to

41、which引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句。6. The experiment, _ will soon be announced, was done by my colleagues. (2001年)A. whose results B. the results on which C. at which the results D. of whose results解析: 答案選A。此句為非限制性定語從句。關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中作results的定語。whose是代詞的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。7. _ is known to all, too much smoking will cause

42、lung cancer. (2003年)A. That B. It C. As D. What解析: 答案選C。as 引導(dǎo)的是一個非限制性定語從句。as代替后面提到的句子。8. Do not trust such men _ often like to praise you to your face. (2004年)A. who B. that C. as D. they解析: 答案選C。當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時其后的定語從句要用as引導(dǎo)。9. In his latest article Tom criticizes the way which the war A B C is being h

43、andled. (1997年)D解析: 答案選C。名詞way后接定語從句時要用that引導(dǎo)。C改為：that。10. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, _, of course, made the others jealous. (2005年)A. who B. what C. that D. which解析: 答案選D。本題考察非限制性定語從句。關(guān)系代詞which指代前面整個句子。在從句中作主語。狀語從句狀語從句是將以前學(xué)過的主謂賓狀句型中的狀語擴(kuò)大成一個完整的句子，并用連詞引導(dǎo)。準(zhǔn)

44、確掌握每一個連詞的含義是掌握狀語從句的關(guān)鍵。同時要注意主從句時態(tài)呼應(yīng)。 時間狀語從句 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連詞有when, while, as, the moment, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as , by the time 等。請注意when, while ,as 的區(qū)別。when-1.當(dāng).的時候 通常指某一特定的時間,主句與從句的動作同時發(fā)生。 When I opened the window, I saw him come up. 注：如果時間狀語從句中，主從句都是將來的動作或狀態(tài)時，英語習(xí)慣上主句用將來時，從句用一般時。wh

45、en-2.正在.的時候，突然.。 通常主句是進(jìn)行時或to be about to時，在翻譯的時候，when可以譯成沒想到或突然。 I was walking along the street, when I met him. 我正在街上走突然遇見了他。when-3.當(dāng)從句是進(jìn)行時,主句是一般時,往往表示不滿. Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast. 我在吃早飯的時候，真煩人，有人敲門。1A當(dāng)when引導(dǎo)的從句是進(jìn)行時，主句的動作有一種不滿的情緒，這句話應(yīng)該譯成：當(dāng)沒有人注意他的時候，他卻偷偷地while-1.在.期間 往

46、往指一段時間。 While we were in America, we saw him twice. 我們在美國期間，見過他兩次。while-2.表示一種不滿情緒 意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，而另一邊在享受等。 The soldier faces the powder while the beauty powders the face. 前方吃緊，后方緊吃。（戰(zhàn)士面對炸藥，美人在往臉上擦粉。）as-1.一邊.一邊，隨著 She was doing her homework as she was listening ti the music. as-2. 指一個動作緊接著一個動作發(fā)生，從句通常用進(jìn)行時。 (不能用when因為兩個動作不是同時發(fā)生) As I was going out