美國文學(xué)史復(fù)習(xí)表格

1、時期流派作家名代表作作品細(xì)節(jié)Roma nticism1820-1865Roma nticismWash ington Irving(a minister in Spain in 1841)The Life of George Washi ngton 859Last work. publish before his death, the fifth volume. biographyThe Lege nd of Sleepy HollowGothic literature. These two stories are from The Sketch Book 1820, which talked

2、 about the charm of En glish life and mann ers.Pip Van Win kleBracebridge HallWere almost as popular as his first great success.見聞札記Tales of a TravelerRoma nticismJames Fenimore CooperThe first great Am. Novelist (en tered Yale at 13) Cooper had bee n hasty and careless about details 與作時 他作品中的女性都是扁平

3、性人 物并且都一樣，as James Russell put it.Precaution 1820他本來不會寫東西，但岀人意料地真的寫岀了一部小說且岀版The Spy 1821Harvey Birch 在 American Revolution 時作為特工的故事The Pilot 1823用到了他在海上的經(jīng)歷使他成為 an early creator of sea storiesThe Pio neers 1823根據(jù)他曾經(jīng)在frontier settlement的生活經(jīng)歷創(chuàng)作系列名：The Leatherstocking Series,名字來源于 their frontiersman her

4、o, Natty Bumppo.系列講述了 Natty Bumppo從青年到老年的故事，閱讀順序為524,1,3The Last of the Mohica ns 1826The Prairie 1827The Pathfi nder 1840The Deerslayer 1841Fireside poetsWilliam Culle n Brya ntThe first Am. eminent poet 后在 New York Evening Post 工作Thanatopsis 死亡觀 1817發(fā)表在 North American Review，他父親投的稿To a Waterfowl 1

5、818做律師養(yǎng)活自己，上班的路上可以看到水鳥.En glish authorMatthew Arnold: the most perfect brief poem in the Ian guageFireside poetsHenry Wadsworth Lon gfellow 第一個獲 the Poet sCorner ofWestminster Abbey 的美國詩人Evan gel ine 1847他將外國詩的forms引進(jìn)美國.These two long narrative poems follow Europea n forms but treat America n lege n

6、ds.The Song of Hiawatha 1855A Psalm of Life 1838Tell me no t, in mournful nu mbers, Life is but an empty dream!Dark roma nticismEdgar Allan PoeHis contribution: exploration of the dark side of huma n n ature, his creati on of in cide nts and symbolsThe Murders in the Rue MorgueDetective storiesin sp

7、ired the creati on of SherlockHolmesThe Mystery of Marie RogetThe Purlo ined LetterThe Fall of the House of UsherHis best gothic talesThe Tell-Tale HeartThe Cask of Amo ntilladoWilliam Wils onThe Philosophy of Compositi onAn essay. It is a critical reflection of his poem “ The Raven ”Ann abel LeeIt

8、was many and many a year ago, In a kin gdom by the sea, That a maide n there lived whom you may know.Transcenden talismRalph Waldo Emers onLive in Old Man se, in Con cord,MassachusettsNatureSelf-Relia neeThe Over-SoulThe America n ScholarEssays, reflect his optimistic philosophyThe America n Scholar

9、 -Oliver Wen dell Holmes 6ur in tellectualDeclarati on of In depe ndenceTranscenden talismHenry David ThoreauLive in Con cordCivil Disobedie neeEssay,來自于a civil protest梭羅抵制奴隸制拒交稅因此入獄A Week on the Con cord and Merrimack RiversHis first book about his journey experie nee 反響不好Dark roma nticismNatha nie

10、l Hawthor neLive in Con cordThe Scarlet Letter 1850Novel,霍桑因為祖先的罪惡而 took the shame upon himselfThe Mi nister 'Black VeilTwice-Told Tales1837WakefieldYoung Goodma n Brow nMosses from an Old Manse1846The BirthmarkRappacci nni 'DaughterThe House of the Steve n GablesAn acco unt of an an cestral

11、 curseThe Blithedale Roma neeBased on 1840s早期在Brook Farm群居的不幸經(jīng)歷/試驗The Marble Fau n關(guān)于 innocent America ns in decade nt and treacherous Italy.Dark roma nticismHerman Melville他的作品在岀名后很快就被人 遺忘，到1920s才重新被發(fā)現(xiàn).Moby Dick被很多人認(rèn)為是美國最好的小說Redburn 1849來源于 His voyage as a cab in boy to LiverpoolMoby Dick 1851來源于 hi

12、s next voyage to the South Seas on a whaling shipTypee 1846來源：他在 Marquesas Islands跳海在食人肉的Typees當(dāng)難民Omoo 1847來源：離開 Typee 后在 Tahiti 的經(jīng)歷,left on an Australian whalerWhite Jacket 1850The cruelty and tyranny of Navy 海軍的殘暴專政Louisa May Alcott 女Little woma n 1868The story of a family of girls based on her ow

13、n experie nces.An Old Fashio ned Girl 1870Little Men 1871Harriet Beecher Stowe 女Uncle Tom'Cabi n19C賣的最廣泛的書冊，它將民族注意力引到了奴隸制roma ntic realismWalt WhitmanAmerica 'first moder n poetLeaves of Grass第一版在 1855, is a thin volume of 12 long, untitled poemsSo ng of MyselfI celebrate myself, and sing my

14、self, And what I assume you shall.Emily Dickinson 女Realism1865-1900RealistTall TalesHis friend: Howells說他是sole獨(dú)一的Mark Twai n(Samuel Lan ghor ne Cleme ns) His name is a term from his piloti ng days two fathoms deep or safe waterHis tech nical accomplishme nt: the refinement of deadpan ” lecturi ngThe

15、 Celebrated Jump ing Frog Of Calaveras Cou ntry 1865Set in the early 1860s in a small mi ning tow n An gels Camp" in California. Jim Smiley, Sim on WheelerInn oce nts Abroad 1869Letters, funny and satiric. Old World and a young countryThe Adve ntures of Tom Sawyer76Established Twain as a popula

16、r writer of ficti onAdve ntures of Huckleberry76-83Pre-Civil War Mississippi Valley.海明威：現(xiàn)代文學(xué)都來自這本書Life on Mississippi 1883Twa in s experie nee as a riverboat pilotA Conn ecticut Yan kee inKing Arthur 'Court 1889Hank Morgan , 19世紀(jì)末的技工，回到 16世紀(jì)的England ( King Arthur)，介紹現(xiàn) 代"The Gilded Age” , ir

17、onicThe Tragedy ofPudd'head Wilson 1894Set in 1830s.女奴把自己有黑人血統(tǒng)的孩子與冋一天岀生的主人家的白人 孩子掉包。種族平等，異化Wilson:鎮(zhèn)上的白人律師The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg (the dark side)作者后期經(jīng)歷種種苦痛后的作品Fenimore Cooper b Literary Offences 1895對 James Fenimore Cooper 書的抨擊Realist&CriticismWilliam Dea n Howells(a writer of 35 no

18、 vels) 微笑的現(xiàn)實主義The Campaig n Life of Abraham Li ncoln 1860A book which help Lincoln elected and won Howells the American Con sulate in Ven iceCriticism and Fictio n 1891His own literary credo信條.他對現(xiàn)實主義的擁護(hù)A Modern In sta nee 1882His first major novel.對社會冋題的思考The Rise of Silas Lapham1885論證 fidelity to e

19、xperienee and probability of motive ”A Hazard of New Fortu nes 1898most panoramic work. 紐約雜志世界，勞工資本，社會公平Psychological realism The masterHenry James( never married) Leon Edel把他的事業(yè)分為三 個階段1.2嘗試不同主題和形 式3回到世界性的主體 仃.S.The Portrait of a Lady 1881(his first period) International theme美國人在歐洲The Jolly Corner

20、1908(his seco nd period)有心理壓力的孩子，受困擾的男女The Win gs of the Dove 1902(his last period)return to International theme, a new focus on character s perceptions and impression.運(yùn)用各種手法 point of view,The Ambassador 1903創(chuàng)造了有限視角Eliot: he is in visible in his work.)The Golden Bowl 1904symbolic, metaphor Kate Chop

21、in 女（刻畫女人但不被社會接受）The Awake ning 1899一個女人拋棄了丈夫和孩子尋求真正自己的故事The Story of an Hour講述作者父親在她5歲時死于railroad accidentRealistEdith Wharton 女 Given fhe Cross of the Legion of Honor ”n France 因為她在 一戰(zhàn)中幫助難民并從美國籌款The Valley of Decisi on 1902The House of Mirth 1905Ethan Frome 1911The Reef 1912The Custom of the Cou n

22、try 1913Summer 1917The Age of Inn oce nee 1920Best-k nown work. Pulitzer Prize for ficti on( first woma n)悲觀的 NaturalistStephe n CranePen n ame: Joh nston Smith不喜家庭和學(xué)校的約束Maggie: A Girl of theFirst novelStreets 1893His observati ons of Bowery lifeThe Red Badge of Courage 1894An Episode of the America

23、n Civil War (best seller 1895)The Black Riders and Other Lines 1895A book of poemsNaturalismJack London當(dāng)過水手；生活在來自自己，家庭，朋友的壓力之中；岀版超 過50本書，百萬富翁卻要還債； 自殺Wolf Larse n realize London' ideal of a Nietschzia na?superma nStory of a Typhoon off the Coast of Japan 1893His first published storyThe People of

24、 the Abyss 1903Record his intellectual and personal involvement in the socialist moveme nt. He joined the Socialist Labor Party in about 1896 and resig ned from it i n 1916.War of the Classes 1905The Iron Hell 1908Revolution 1910The Call of the Wild 1903His most popular novels. Dramatize his commitm

25、ent to the law of survival and the will to powerThe Sea-Wolf 1904Martin Eden 1909Autobiographical novel6 / 6'.Modernism1900-1945Poet traditi onalRobert Frost(4 times winner of the Pulitzer Prize)Stopp ing by woods on the snowy eveningInternal conflicts. Essentially lyrical. Beautiful form, tradi

26、ti onal meter.The skeptic in moder n America n poetry.Fire and iceThe road not take nImagistEzra Pound(leader of Imagism)Can tosIn the station of the metroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black boughImagistWilliam Carlos WilliamsThe red wheelbarrowa red wheel barrow gazed

27、 with rain beside the white chicke nsErn est Hemin gway (Lost gen erati on, byGertrude Ste in)In our time 1924(first novel)The sun also rises 1926Hills like white elephants 927Sb: the American, Jig 'Spl: Spain, to Madrid, a bar, stationA farewell to arms 1929For whom the bell tolls1940His fin est no vel. His experie nee in t