有英文——現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系概況

1、現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系概況現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系概況Profiles of Modern Vocational Education System目錄現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系的提出背景The Backgrounds of proposing Modern Vocational Education System1現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系的基本框架The basic framework of modern vocational education system 2現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系建設的重點領域The Chinese characteristics of the modern vocational education syste

2、m (focus areas)3結語 The End Word4一、現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系的提出背景Backgrounds（一）外部背景（一）外部背景中國中國對接對接工業(yè)工業(yè)4.04.0，步入步入“后工業(yè)后工業(yè)化化”時代時代external backgrounds“Made in China 2025” plan successfully responses Industry 4.01、產(chǎn)業(yè)結構升級 Upgrading the industrial structure2、解決青年就業(yè)問題 Dealing with the problem of youth employment3、人才培養(yǎng)模式轉型 T

3、ransforming the pattern of talents training（二）內(nèi)部背景（二）內(nèi)部背景職業(yè)教育自身發(fā)展的需要職業(yè)教育自身發(fā)展的需要internal backgroundsnecessarity for the development of vocational education（一）外部背景：一）外部背景：中國步入中國步入“后工業(yè)化后工業(yè)化”時代，對接工業(yè)時代，對接工業(yè)4.04.0 國家戰(zhàn)略：2012年 十八大報告：要堅持走新型工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化、信息化以及農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的“四化同步”發(fā)展道路 the report at 18thParty Congress(achiev

4、e harmonized development of these four aspects)2014年 中共中央國務院關于深化體制機制改革加快實施創(chuàng)新驅動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的若干意見Some opinions that the government wants to deep the reform of mechanism and system to accelerate the innovation-driven development strategy.2014年 國家新型城鎮(zhèn)化規(guī)劃（2014-2020年）National Planning for New-type Urbanization (2

5、014 -2020)2015年 中國制造2025(Made in China 2025)：工匠精神Craftsmans Spirit工業(yè)工業(yè)4.04.0時代時代 T The era of Industry 4.0he era of Industry 4.0工業(yè)工業(yè)4.0時代時代The Era of Industry 4.0Based on the industrial revolution of information technology“后工業(yè)化后工業(yè)化”時代的時代的標志標志(The Symbol of Postindustrialism era)先進制造業(yè)（高鐵出口）High-level

6、 manufacturing industry航空航天業(yè) Aerospace industryIT行業(yè) IT Industry（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+ Internet plus）現(xiàn)代服務業(yè)Modern Service industry先進制造、高端裝備先進制造、高端裝備中國和諧號高鐵中國和諧號高鐵the “Harmony” high-speed train航空航天航空航天 Aerospace industryAerospace industryC919首批下線IT業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+、中國電商服務業(yè)World Internet ConferenceWu Zhen Summit 天貓“雙11”全球購物狂歡TMALL

7、double-11 Shopping Carnival in the whole world 義烏工商學院電商類創(chuàng)業(yè)教育實踐Yi Wu Business collage- the practice of entrepreneurship education about E-commerce（一）外部背景：（一）外部背景：1.1.產(chǎn)業(yè)結構產(chǎn)業(yè)結構升級升級 Upgrading the industrial Upgrading the industrial structurestructure中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展進入新常態(tài)。調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結構，加快企業(yè)技術升級，經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護和諧、友好The developm

8、ent of Chinas economic enters into the new normal situation, which is adjusting industrial structure, accelerating enterprises technological progress, and making economic development and environmental protection become harmonious and friendly.實體經(jīng)濟發(fā)展與職業(yè)技術教育有高度相關性。各國在應對金融危機挑戰(zhàn)、重塑實體經(jīng)濟競爭力、推進再工業(yè)化和迎接新工業(yè)革命的

9、挑戰(zhàn)中都會將職業(yè)技術教育的改革創(chuàng)新擺在重要位置The development of substantial economy is highly relevant to vocational education. The reform and innovation of vocational education are placed in an important position in every country, in order to cope with the challenge of financial crisis, to reshape the real economy compe

10、tition, to push the process of industrialization, and to meet the challenge of the new industrial revolution,（一）外部背景（一）外部背景: :1.1.產(chǎn)業(yè)結構產(chǎn)業(yè)結構升級升級 Upgrading the industrial structureUpgrading the industrial structure產(chǎn)業(yè)轉型升級勞動力素質需要提高Industry transformation and upgradinglabor quality need to be enhanced 現(xiàn)代企

11、業(yè)是啞鈴型的職工結構The worker structure of modern enterprise is like a dumbbell啞鈴型前段是研發(fā)人員，中間是生產(chǎn)車間，后段是銷售服務人員The front is research personnel, the middle is production workshop, and the last is the sales service personnel.生產(chǎn)車間，生產(chǎn)線設備技術含量高、工藝先進Production workshop: production line has high technology and equipment

12、, advanced production technology.中國制造2025要求：創(chuàng)新驅動、智能轉型、強化基礎、綠色發(fā)展、人才為本 （技師、工匠）According to “Made in China 2025”, we are supposed to persist in innovation-driven strategy, intelligent transformation, strengthening the element task, green development, and talent-oriented ideal.Facing the increase of emp

13、loyed population, we urgently upgrade the industrial structure by the developing the secondary and tertiary industries especially the high-end services to help effective employment.中國就業(yè)形勢，就業(yè)壓力大Upgrading the industrial structure leads the employed population of primary industry to decrease continuous

14、ly. And it also leads the employed population of tertiary industry to increase continuously, but the employed population of secondary industry remains fairly flat.（一）外部背景：（一）外部背景：2 2、解決青年就業(yè)問題、解決青年就業(yè)問題 Dealing with the problem of Dealing with the problem of youth employmentyouth employment就業(yè)問題是關鍵以就業(yè)為

15、導向的現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系Employment is the crux of the matterthe job-oriented vocational education system產(chǎn)業(yè)轉型升級需要的是高級技術技能人才，尤其是一線的技術工人和高技能服務人才青年人找工作困難，而企業(yè)又招不到人Structural contradictions: accelerating industrial transfer and upgrade need high technical and skilled personals especially the factory-floor labor. 中國解決就

16、業(yè)結構型矛盾的核心是教育改革，教育改革的突破口則是現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育In china, the key to deal with employment structural contradictions is education reform. 現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育培養(yǎng)的是技術技能人才Modern vocational education is the breach of modern educational reform technical and skilled personals.（一）外部背景：（一）外部背景：3 3、人才培養(yǎng)模式轉型、人才培養(yǎng)模式轉型 Transforming the patter

17、n of Transforming the pattern of talents trainingtalents training技術技能人才？ Technical and Skilled Talents隨著信息技術的發(fā)展和產(chǎn)業(yè)技術升級，技能需以技術為基礎As the development of information technology and industry technology upgrade, skill needs to base on technology.兩類人才：技術技能型；學術型two kinds of talent: technical and skilled and

18、 academic talents.兩類高考：技術技能人才的高考；學術型人才的高考two kinds of college entrance examination: technical and skilled and academic talents examination.三種技術技能型人才：第一類是工程師，第二類是高級技工，第三類是高素質勞動者three kinds of technical and skilled talents: engineers, highly skilled workers, and high-quality laborers（二）內(nèi)部背景：（二）內(nèi)部背景：職業(yè)

19、教育的升級發(fā)展職業(yè)教育的升級發(fā)展 the upgraded development of the upgraded development of vocational education vocational education 國家戰(zhàn)略national Strategies2010年 國家中長期教育改革和規(guī)劃發(fā)展綱要（2010-2020年）National long-term education reform and development outline plan (2010-2020) 2012年 現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系建設規(guī)劃（2012-2020年）Modern vocational edu

20、cation system construction plan (2012-2020) 2014年 國務院關于加快發(fā)展現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育的決定The decision on Accelerating the development of modern vocational education2014年 現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系建設規(guī)劃（2014-2020年）Modern Vocational Education System Plan (2014- 2020) 2015年 關于引導部分地方普通本科高校向應用型轉變的指導意見Guidance on the part of the local Ordinary

21、Universities guide to the application of transformation（二）內(nèi)部背景：（二）內(nèi)部背景：職業(yè)教育的升級發(fā)展職業(yè)教育的升級發(fā)展 the upgraded development of vocational the upgraded development of vocational education education 職業(yè)教育內(nèi)部存在職業(yè)教育自身體系須進一步完善和建設的問題，我國整個教育體系中存在普通教育與職業(yè)教育互通不暢的問題。in the whole educational system, there exists a problem

22、 that is General education and vocational education cant intercommunicate smoothly.中國當前的職業(yè)教育是個“斷頭橋”，培養(yǎng)出的技術技能人才，學制短，不能繼續(xù)攻讀更高學位。a cut-off bridge a lot of technical and skilled talents graduating from vocational education cant continue to study because of short learning system.今后，中國將搭建人才培養(yǎng)的“立交橋”，讓學生可以從

23、中等職業(yè)一直學到?？平逃⒌奖究平逃綄I(yè)碩士，甚至專業(yè)博士. In the future, we will build a overpass bridge for the talent training.Students can learn from a vocational college education to the undergraduate course education , to the professional master degree, and even professional doctor.二、現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系的基本框架二、現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系的基本框架The basi

24、c framework 何為現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系？What is vocational education system？1、以就業(yè)為導向，特別是要服務好青年就業(yè)It is employment oriented, especially the youth employment.2、建立系統(tǒng)化的技術技能人才培養(yǎng)體系Build a systematic personnel training system of technical and skilled talents. 3、將產(chǎn)教融合、校企合作貫穿體系建設全過程Industry and education, school-enterprise co

25、operation need to be throughout the whole process of building this system.4、構建開放立交、內(nèi)外銜接的人才成長立交橋Establish a open overpass bridge, which is linked with interior and exterior spaces, to promote the growth of talents. 5、充分發(fā)揮市場作用、充分調(diào)動社會資源Market should play its role and mobilize social resources to the fu

26、llest extent.基本框架：何為現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系基本框架：何為現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系建設規(guī)劃（2014-2020年）Modern vocational education system construction plan (2012-2020) in 2012：現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育是服務經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展需要，面向經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展和生產(chǎn)服務一線，培養(yǎng)高素質勞動者和技術技能人才并促進全體勞動者可持續(xù)職業(yè)發(fā)展的教育類型.Modern vocational education is to serve economic and social development, economic and soci

27、al development and production-oriented service line and training of qualified technical workers and skilled personnel and promote the type of education for sustainable career development of all workers建立現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系，是促進現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育服務轉方式、調(diào)結構、促改革、保就業(yè)、惠民生和工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化同步發(fā)展的制度性安排。Establishment of a modern voc

28、ational education system, is to promote modern vocational education services transfer mode, adjusting structure, promoting reform, preserving jobs, benefit peoples livelihood and industrialization, informatization, urbanization, agricultural modernization simultaneous development of institutional ar

29、rangements基本框架：何為現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系基本框架：何為現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系教育部部長魯昕：Minister of Education department,Lu Xin: 所謂“現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系”，就是要適應經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式轉變、產(chǎn)業(yè)結構調(diào)整和社會發(fā)展要求，加快建立體現(xiàn)終身教育理念，中等和高等職業(yè)教育協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系 The morden vocational education system aims to Adapt to the economic development pattern, industrial structure adjustment and social d

30、evelopment requirements, speed up the establishment embodies the concept of lifelong education, secondary and higher vocational education coordinated development. 各級各類學校校數(shù)、教職工、專任教師情況The number of all kinds of schools at all levels, and the situation about staff, full-time teachers中國職業(yè)教育體系HVE高等職業(yè)教育SV

31、E中等職業(yè)教育JVE初等職業(yè)教育System體系Institution機構Education教育類型Talents人才類型technician技術員/技術師adv. technician高級技術員/技術師jr. mechanic初級技工sec./adv. mechanic中、高級技工TE / ASE技術教育/高技能教育HVE高等技術教育JVE初等職業(yè)教育SVE / SSE中等職業(yè)/技能教育(HVE) 2/3-year undergraduate?？茖哟蔚母呗?HVE) 4-year undergraduate本科及以上層次的高職jr.vocational schools初等職業(yè)學校sec. v

32、ocational schools中等職業(yè)學校The quantitative targets of modern vocational education system基本框架（一）基本框架（一） 一是以就業(yè)為導向，特別是要服務好青年就業(yè) employment oriented, in particular, the employment of the youth.基本框架（二）基本框架（二）二是建立系統(tǒng)化的技術技能人才培養(yǎng)體系to establish a systematic technical and skilled talents training system職業(yè)教育的使命：支持國家

33、完成工業(yè)化、信息化和現(xiàn)代化的技術技能積累The mission of vocational education: to support the country in completing the accumulation of techniques during the process of industrialization, informatization and modernization職業(yè)教育是一種人才培養(yǎng)的類型：建立系統(tǒng)化的人才培養(yǎng)制度，打破原來職業(yè)教育“斷頭路、終結性”的格局，構建從中職、專科、本科到專業(yè)學位研究生各個層次的技術技能人才培養(yǎng)體系establishing a tec

34、hnical and skilled talents training system within various levels ，from secondary vocational education, junior college education to undergraduate and postgraduate education.教育體系基本框架示意圖Framework of Education SystemHuman Resources MarketHuman Resources MarketGraduate EducationUndergraduate EducationSVE

35、HVEJVERelationship between Technical and Skilled Talents System and Vocational Education SystemJVESVEHVEhigh level skilled personnelsecondary level skilled personneljunior level skilled personnelExpert-level technical personnelHVEGraduate Education基本框架（三）基本框架（三）三是將產(chǎn)教融合、校企合作貫穿體系建設全過程to run the integr

36、ation of production and education and school-enterprise cooperation through the whole process of system establishment.辦學體制強化行業(yè)指導、深化企業(yè)參與，推動企業(yè)參與人才培養(yǎng)全過程The school-running system to strengthen the guidance of industry, to deepen the participation of enterprises, and to promote enterprises to participate

37、 in the whole process of talents training人才培養(yǎng)模式積極推進學歷證書和職業(yè)資格證書“雙證書”制度，使職業(yè)教育的專業(yè)體系、課程內(nèi)容和人才培養(yǎng)方式更加適應產(chǎn)業(yè)需求、職業(yè)需求double certificatesystem of academic certificates, the professional system, curriculum contents and talents training methods of vocational education can better meet the requirements of the indust

38、ry and profession“現(xiàn)代學徒制”Modern Apprenticeship學生、學習、實習學生、學習、實習Students, learning, internships企業(yè)、師傅、生產(chǎn)企業(yè)、師傅、生產(chǎn)enterprise, master production學校、教師、教學學校、教師、教學Schools, teachers, teaching“現(xiàn)代學徒制現(xiàn)代學徒制”的人才培養(yǎng)模式的人才培養(yǎng)模式Talents Training Mode of Talents Training Mode of Modern ApprenticeshipModern Apprenticeship基本

39、框架（四）基本框架（四）四是構建開放立交、內(nèi)外銜接的人才成長立交橋to build an open, interchange and connective bridge for the growth of talents體系內(nèi)部有機銜接、職業(yè)教育與普通教育雙向溝通，職業(yè)教育和繼續(xù)教育統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展To connect organically within the system, to communicate bilaterally between vocational education and the general education, to develop the vocational edu

40、cation and continuing education coordinatively, to make the talents growth paths diversified and to establish a system of lifelong learning.多樣化的人才成長路徑，建立終身學習的制度基本框架（五）基本框架（五）五是充分發(fā)揮市場作用、充分調(diào)動社會資源to fully exert the market function and mobilize the social resources政府宏觀管理、學校自主辦學、評估引導推動的共同合力The macro mana

41、gement of the government, the independent management of schools and the joint efforts of the evaluation, guidance and promotion.職業(yè)院校自主辦學招生考試、專業(yè)設置、教師聘用、人事管理The independent management of vocational schools - entrance examination, programs establishment, teacher recruitment and personnel management社會力量

42、參與舉辦職業(yè)教育，吸引更多資源向職業(yè)教育匯聚Social forces need to get involved in the organization of vocational education, to attract more resources to the vocational education.三、現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系的重點領域三、現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系的重點領域focus areas 一是高校轉型 The first is the transformation of colleges and Universities 二是中高職銜接體系 The second is the connec

43、tive system between secondary and higher vocational education 三是教育公平 The third is education fair重點領域（一）高校轉型重點領域（一）高校轉型一是引導部分地方本科院校向應用技術類型高校轉型，加快緩解高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)問題First, to guide parts of colleges and universities to tranform themselves into the type of application and technology colleges or universities, a

44、nd to ease the employment problems of college graduates2015年關于引導部分地方普通本科高校向應用型轉變的指導意見2015 - Guidance on the transformation of some local colleges and Universities to application and technology oriented colleges and universities 2015年高等職業(yè)教育創(chuàng)新發(fā)展行動規(guī)劃（2015-2018年）2015 - Action plan of innovation and deve

45、lopment of Higher Vocational Education (2015-2018)The number of colleges and universities of recent year 地方本科高校服務地方、服務行業(yè)企業(yè)，適應新技術發(fā)展和產(chǎn)業(yè)轉型升級的要求，為經(jīng)濟社會建設和公共服務發(fā)展培養(yǎng)高層次技術應用人才。 Local Colleges and Universities give service to the local areas, give service to the enterprises, meet the requirements of new techn

46、ology development and the upgrade of industrial transformation, cultivate high level technical application talents for the economic and social construction and the public service development. 培養(yǎng)模式淡化學科，強化專業(yè)，培養(yǎng)技術技能型人才。Cultivation mode: weaken the discipline,strengthen the professional, to cultivate te

47、chnical and skilled talents.重點領域（一）高校轉型重點領域（一）高校轉型 調(diào)整的重點1999年大學擴招后“專升本”的600多所地方本科院校。 The focus of the adjustment - the universities which allow students upgrade from junior colleges student to universities since the enrolment expansion in 1999 中國高等教育的人才培養(yǎng)結構培養(yǎng)技術技能型人才的高校比重將從現(xiàn)有的55%提高到70%80%。 The struct

48、ure of talents training in Higher Education in China - the proportion of colleges and universities in the training of technical and skilled talents will increase from 55% to 70% - 80%.重點領域（一）高校轉型重點領域（一）高校轉型重點領域（一）高校轉型重點領域（一）高校轉型 我國普通高等院校有1200所，600多所地方高校需要轉型，要淡化學科、強化專業(yè)，按企業(yè)需要、按崗位來對接 There are about 12

49、00 ordinary colleges and universities in China. Among them, there are more than 600 local colleges and universities need to transform, to weaken the discipline, to strengthen the professional and to make themselves connected according to the needs and positions of enterprises. 轉型方向：應用技術、職業(yè)教育 Transfo

50、rmation direction: application technology, vocational education 用市場力量辦學 Using market forces to run schools重點領域（一）高校轉型重點領域（一）高校轉型 可實行股份制、混合所有制，教師和企業(yè)、校長和CEO之間可以相互交換 對學校進行產(chǎn)權制度改革，使產(chǎn)權結構和分配機制發(fā)生變化 院系主任可以做教師、可以做教授，也可以到企業(yè)做人力資源部部長 校長可以做校長，也可以到企業(yè)做CEO 2014年6月，35所定位于應用技術類型高校的地方本科高校發(fā)起成立了應用技術大學（學院）聯(lián)盟In June 2014,

51、35 local colleges and universities positioning in application and technology type colleges and universities established the Application Technology University (College) Alliance. 到目前為止，已有超過百所地方高校申請加入So far, there have been more than 100 local colleges and universities to apply to join it.重點領域（二）中高職銜接

52、重點領域（二）中高職銜接 二是大力提升現(xiàn)有職業(yè)院校的辦學水平，完善中高職銜接體系 to enhance the existing running level of vocational colleges and universities, to improve the connective system between secondary and higher vocational education.重點領域（三）教育公平重點領域（三）教育公平 三是要堅持職業(yè)教育面向人人，增強職業(yè)教育的包容性和開放性 to adhere to the concept that the vocational education is open to everyone, and to enhance the inclusiveness and openness of vocational education. 現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育體系致力于所有社會群體的就業(yè)和每一個勞動者職業(yè)發(fā)